Financial Risks Analysis 2025-26
Argyll and Bute Council · 20 February 2025
Back to Budget Pack — 20 February 2025 and its agenda
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ARGYLL AND BUTE COUNCIL FINANCIAL SERVICES COUNCIL 27 FEBRUARY 2025 FINANCIAL RISKS ANALYSIS 2025-26 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 The main purpose of this report is to provide a summary of the key financial risks facing the council. 1.2 A number of council wide financial risks, both revenue and capital, have been identified, in addition to specific departmental or service risks. For each departmental risk, the potential annual financial impact has been quantified, and the likelihood of the risk materialising assessed, based on a standard risk matrix. 1.3 There are currently 7 council wide revenue risks identified for 2025-26, with a potential annual value totalling £8.1m, and with varying degrees of likelihood. 1.4 There are currently 30 departmental risks, with a potential annual value totalling £3.2m, of which 4 are categorised as ‘Likely’. 1.5 Financial risks are monitored and reviewed on an ongoing basis, with actions put in place to continue to mitigate or manage these risks.
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ARGYLL AND BUTE COUNCIL FINANCIAL SERVICES COUNCIL 27 FEBRUARY 2025 FINANCIAL RISKS ANALYSIS 2025-26 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1 This report outlines the process and approach to financial risk assessment and provides details of the currently known key financial risks facing the council in 2025-26. 3 DETAIL 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 The council is currently in a period of significant financial challenge. In developing its budget to address both funding, and cost and demand pressures, consideration is given to financial risk. However, both existing and new or emerging financial risks require to be monitored and reviewed on an ongoing basis throughout the year, with actions put in place to mitigate or manage these risks. Risks that cannot be mitigated or managed may have a detrimental impact on the financial position of the council. 3.1.2 There are a number of risks that may impact income or expenditure across the entire council. These are identified as council wide risks. In addition, specific financial risks impacting each department or service of the council have been considered. These are identified as departmental/service risks. A de-minimis level of £50k has been applied. Risks with a potential annual risk value below this level are expected to be managed within the relevant overall service budget. 3.1.3 For each risk, the potential annual financial impact has been quantified and the likelihood assessed based on the following standard risk matrix: 1 – Remote 2 – Unlikely 3 – Possible 4 – Likely 5 – Almost Certain 3.2 3.2.1 Council Wide Risks General There is a risk of further severe weather incidents, requiring both revenue and capital expenditure to be incurred. Whilst there may be additional funding available through the Bellwin Scheme, this is limited to eligible revenue expenditure and there is an assumption that local authorities will budget to cover a proportion of the costs of emergency incidents from within internal resources. The threshold over and above where Councils’ can claim for eligible expenditure
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is 0.2% of a local authority's budgeted net revenue expenditure and, for 2024- 2025, this equates to £0.558m for Argyll and Bute Council. There is no provision for additional costs in this respect within either the 2025-26 Revenue Budget or the 2025-28 Capital Plan. The potential additional costs are difficult to estimate by their very nature, however, a potential risk value of £2m is deemed to be reasonable. Revenue 3.2.2 The 2025-26 budget includes a 3% pay award assumption across all workforce categories, at all grades. This is based on the Public Sector Pay Policy of 9% over the 3 years 2025-26 to 2027-28 and whilst the increase could vary across the years, the envelope of 9% has been profiled within the budget at 3% each year. Pay negotiations have still to commence. In 2024-25, the pay award was an average of 3.6% for SJC and Chief Officers, and 4.27% for teachers. The Scottish Government provided additional funding towards the cost of increases above 3.2%. There is a risk that the agreed pay award may vary from the budget assumption, which may require to be funded by the council. A potential annual risk value equivalent to 1% of the annual pay budget for council employees, including Social Work employees is deemed reasonable. This equates to £1.8m. It is hoped that any award above 3% would be covered by additional Scottish Government funding. This position will be monitored and reviewed on an ongoing basis throughout the year. 3.2.3 Whilst the 2025-26 approved budget provides for inflationary increases, there is a risk of continued volatility in utilities pricing and demand can also be subject to unpredictable weather extremes. A potential annual risk value equivalent to 5% of the annual utilities budget provision is deemed reasonable. This equates to £0.4m. 3.2.4 In respect of the Health and Social Care Partnership, it is the responsibility of the Chief Officer and Chief Financial Officer to manage the HSCP financial position. If an overspend is forecast, a budget recovery plan will be prepared and submitted to the IJB, Argyll and Bute Council and NHS Highland. Where recovery plans are unsuccessful and an overspend occurs at the financial year end, and there are insufficient reserves to meet the overspend, then the partners will be required to make additional payments to the HSCP. The council would have to contribute towards any overspend related to Social Work. Whilst any additional payments by the council and NHS Highland will be deducted from future years funding, there is a risk that the council may require to make an additional unbudgeted contribution to the HSCP during the year. The financial situation facing Social Work is extremely challenging due to increase in demand, complexity of cases, increasing costs and difficulty recruiting permanent staff and therefore having to rely on agency staff, at an additional cost. At the time of writing this report, the forecast Social Work budget for 2025-26 has a £1.3m funding gap, after accounting for additional contributions from the council in respect of ENICs and pay award budget assumptions. There also is a risk in respect of commissioned providers ENICs costs being passed on, which equates to an estimated additional cost of around £1.3m. At this stage, the overall
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potential annual risk value has been quantified at £2.6m but it is hoped that the level of risk could be reduced prior to the IJB setting their budget. 3.2.5 The estimated level of Council Tax income is based on current and forecast Band D equivalents, and reflects our expected collection rates, based on historical data. A potential annual risk value equivalent to 1% of the annual Council Tax income budget is deemed reasonable. This equates to £0.7m. 3.2.6 3.2.7 The 2025-26 Budget Pack includes both Operational/Management and Policy savings options, totalling £3.093m. Whilst the council has a good track record in delivering savings, there is a risk that this target will not be fully delivered. A potential annual risk value equivalent to a 10% shortfall in the annual savings target is deemed reasonable. This equates to £0.3m. There is an ongoing requirement to fund unavoidable inflationary cost increases across a number of areas such as, food and fuel. The Bank of England is currently forecasting that inflation will continue to fall throughout the year, towards the 2% government target. This position will continue to be closely monitored, with financial forecasts updated to reflect information available on an ongoing basis. The annual budget is underpinned by inflationary assumptions, however, there is a risk that inflationary impacts have been under-estimated. A potential annual risk value equivalent to 10% of the inflationary assumptions in respect of relevant non-pay budgets is deemed reasonable. This equates to £0.3m. Capital 3.2.8 The Finance Circular received on 12 December 2024 provided details of government grant funding for 2025-26. There is therefore a degree of certainty in respect of General Capital Grant and available specific capital grant funding. At the time of writing, the council’s share of an additional £40m Climate Emergency Fund, to be paid as General Capital Grant has still to be confirmed. The Capital Plan has assumed additional funding of £0.964m in this respect. Any variation in the final allocation from this assumption will require to be managed within the overall Capital Plan resources. 3.2.9 The funding framework for the approved Capital Plan includes capital receipts from asset sales, estimated at £0.750m in 2025-26 and £1.750m over the 3 years 2025-28. This is based on an assessment provided by the Estates Team in January 2025, however, is subject to changing market conditions. The level of receipts that may reasonably be achieved will be kept under review, to reflect changing market conditions and due diligence undertaken on asset condition. Any variation from this assumption will require to be managed within the overall Capital Plan resources. It is generally the case that the capital programme experiences slippage throughout the year and as such, this risk is expected to be manageable. 3.2.10 The capital programme continues to see significant price increases, as well as disruptions to the supply chain and longer lead in times, due to the impact of world events (Covid pandemic, UK exit from EU, Russian invasion of Ukraine) on the global economy. Additional funding of £11m, made available to manage these
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impacts to date, has now been fully allocated. There are likely to be other significant cost pressures in respect of projects, where contracts have yet to be entered into, which are not quantifiable, at this stage. It will be challenging to manage these impacts within available resources and target completion timescales. Actions to manage financial risk within available resources may include re-profiling, project redesign, re-engineering or curtailment, and the re- prioritisation of uncommitted resources across the programme. 3.2.11 3.2.12 The Capital Plan monitoring report, as of 31 December 2024, outlines a forecast overspend on the 2024-27 Capital Plan of £0.117m. Members will be requested to approve additional resources in this respect, as part of the 2025-26 budget process. The council wide risks are summarised within the following table: Description Likelihood Assessed Financial Impact £m Unbudgeted Severe Weather costs 3 2.0 Pay Award exceeding 3% 3 1.8 Energy costs increase by 5% greater than budgeted 3 0.4 IJB refer to Council for additional funding to deliver social work services 3 2.6 1% variation in Council Tax Income 2 0.7 10% shortfall on Savings delivery 2 0.3 10% variation on General Inflation 3 0.3 Total 8.1 3.3 Departmental/Service Risks 3.3.1 It should be noted that the council has a good track record of delivering services within budget, however, there are specific financial risks impacting each council department or service. The detail of each departmental financial risk is included within Appendix 1. The following table provides a summary of the number of risks within each department, across each likelihood category, together with the potential annual financial impact value. Department 1 - Remote 2 - Unlikely 3 - Possible 4 - Likely 5 - Almost Certain Total No £000 No £000 No £000 No £000 No £000 No £000 Chief Executive's Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Executive Director Douglas Hendry 0 0 5 360 8 575 2 360 0 0 15 1,295
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Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan 4 375 2 250 7 1,065 2 250 0 0 15 1,940 Total 4 375 7 610 15 1,640 4 610 0 0 30 3,235 3.3.2 The current top 4 risks in terms of the financial impact are noted in the table below. SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 Council Wide - Commercial Services Council Wide Central Repairs Increased demands on central repair budgets (CRA) due to a decrease in Capital funding, increase in statutory and emergency repairs and increases in supplier/contractor charges. This impacts on all departments of the Council with a Central Repairs Budget. 4 300 Roads and Infrastructure Services Roads Maintenance - Roads Network Adverse weather conditions result in deterioration of the road network necessitating greater spend on repair of defects. 3 230 Roads and Infrastructure Services Car Parking Income Reduced number of visitors to the area and use of Council owned car parks resulting in a reduction in income. 3 200 Roads and Infrastructure Services Piers & Harbours Income Changes to ferry services resulting in reduced berthing and passenger income. 3 200 3.3.3 The risks that are categorised as ‘likely’ are outlined in the table below. SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 Council Wide - Commercial Services Council Wide Central Repairs Increased demands on central repair budgets (CRA) due to a decrease in Capital funding, increase in statutory and emergency repairs and increases in supplier/contractor charges. This impacts on all departments of the council with a Central Repairs Budget. 4 300 Development and Economic Growth Homelessne ss Temporary Accommodat ion Income Unpredictable number of Homeless applications. Inability to recover rent. Increase costs of property maintenance and tenancy change over. 4 150 Roads and Infrastructure Services Fleet Maintenance Increased costs to maintain internal fleet due to inflationary increases on vehicles parts. 4 100
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Legal and Regulatory Support Elections More than 1 by-election required outwith standard election cycle. 4 60 3.4 Monitoring of Financial Risks 3.4.1 Financial risks are monitored and reviewed on an ongoing basis, with actions put in place to continue to mitigate or manage these risks. The updated position on financial risks will continue to be regularly reported to Policy and Resources Committee. 3.5 Potential Future Risks 3.5.1 There is a risk that changes to government policy may require to be implemented by the council, with associated unbudgeted costs not fully met by additional funding. For example, an extension to funded childcare to all 1 and 2 year olds across Scotland. 3.5.2 The Council’s bid to the Scottish Governments Learning Estate Investment Programme (LEIP) for funding for a new school campus on Mull was successful and a report was considered by Council on 24 April 2024. Approval was granted to utilise £5m of £9m previously earmarked funds to develop the Business Case. The Scottish Government will fund up to 50% of eligible costs and the estimated cost is £43m, with £41m deemed eligible, however these are just estimates at this stage. The Council will need to make a decision as to whether to proceed once the project has been tendered. There is a risk that the cost will be higher than estimated but no estimates have been built into the capital plan at this stage. 3.5.3 Looking ahead to 2026/27, as part of the regular three-year review of the rateable value of commercial properties across Scotland for non-domestic rates charges, there will be a full revaluation of all of the Council’s properties by the local Assessor’s Office which is likely to result in an increase in the Council’s non- domestic rates charges. At this point, pending the completion of the reviews and recognising that there is no reliable historic trend data which could be used to forecast the outcome, the extent of the likely increase is extremely uncertain. In addition, the Council is awaiting the outcome of circa 60 appeals lodged in respect of the 2023/24 revaluation, the outcomes of which could have a significant impact on the Council’s future non-domestic rates liability. 4 CONCLUSION 4.1 This report summarises the known key financial risks facing the council in 2025- 26. There are 7 council wide risks and 30 departmental risks identified, with 4 categorised as ‘Likely’. These risks are monitored and reviewed on an ongoing basis, with actions put in place to continue to manage or mitigate the risks. 5 IMPLICATIONS 5.1 Policy None 5.2 Financial Outlines the potential annual value of financial risks.
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5.3 Legal None 5.4 HR None 5.5 Fairer Scotland Duty 5.5.1 Equalities None 5.5.2 Socio-Economic Duty None 5.5.3 Islands Duty None 5.6 Climate Change None 5.7 Risk Provides details of financial risks. 5.8 Customer Service None 5.9 The Rights of the Child (UNCRC) None Kirsty Flanagan Executive Director/Section 95 Officer 13 February 2025 Councillor Ross Moreland, Policy Lead for Finance and Commercial Services APPENDICES Appendix 1 – Detail of Department/Service financial risks. For further information contact Carolyn Earl, Acting Head of Financial Services carolyn.earl@argyll-bute.gov.uk
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APPENDIX 1 DEPARTMENT/SERVICE FINANCIAL RISKS 2025-26 DEPARTMENT SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK MITIGATING ACTIONS IN PLACE LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services Catering Costs - Provision of Meals to Early Years Children The Children and Young People (Scotland) Act placed duties on Councils to provide meals in an Early Years setting to entitled children where sessions span over lunch time. The total quantum of grant funding is reducing and may not be sufficient to fund the additional costs depending on uptake and the additional costs to support the meal provision in partner provider settings. Joint strategy with procurement colleagues to reduce potential impact of supplier charges. Control food wastage/portion controls. 2 100 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services Catering Purchases Increased supplier charges and higher than average inflation on food costs. In addition to this the Scottish Government reviewed the regulations that govern the food and drinks provided in schools and implemented revised regulations. The revised standards focus on reducing sugar, reducing red processed meat and increasing fibre. Thus far, there has been an increase in costs in produce and a reduction in demand for school meals. Joint strategy with procurement colleagues to reduce potential impact of supplier charges. Control food wastage/portion controls; introduction of online ordering to help manage food waste. Analysis and regular review of menu choices. 2 100 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services Rental Income from Properties Due to current economic climate, there may be reduced ability to recover rental income from leased properties or place suitable tenants in properties as leases come to an end. Management of leasehold properties by Estates team, any issues with debt recovery being dealt with in line with Council debt recovery policy. 2 60 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services Surplus Properties Ongoing market difficulties lead to increased numbers of surplus properties, in addition, as Our Modern Workspace Project gains traction more properties will become surplus to operational requirements. There are residual running costs associated with all surplus properties. One Council property team in place who will monitor market conditions and work with prospective tenants/ purchasers to let/sell surplus properties. 3 50 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services Leisure Service Level Agreements Increase in RPI and/or other running costs (eg utilities, payroll etc) resulting in requests for additional funding. Monitoring annual alteration to contract RPI rate, communication with service providers and mitigation through financial forecasting and review of existing budget. 3 50 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Commercial Services LiveArgyll Service Fee Inability to deliver required services within available budget resources (e,g. pay award and ENICs budget pressures), resulting in increased service fee request. Communication with service providers and mitigation through monitoring and review of budget monitoring information and forecasts. 3 100 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Council Wide - Commercial Services Council Wide Central Repairs Increased demands on central repair budgets (CRA) due to a decrease in Capital funding, increase in statutory and emergency repairs and increases in supplier/contractor charges. This impacts on all departments of the Council with a Central Repairs Budget. Joint strategy with procurement colleagues to reduce potential impact of supplier/contractor charges. Close monitoring of central repairs budgets and commitments and instructing only statutory tests/inspections and essential repairs. 4 300 2025-26
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APPENDIX 1 DEPARTMENT/SERVICE FINANCIAL RISKS 2025-26 DEPARTMENT SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK MITIGATING ACTIONS IN PLACE LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 2025-26 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Education ASN Support Demand for ASN support continues to increase. Scottish Government statistics suggest a 3% year on year increase, resulting in an additional resource requirement, particularly where gaps in our enhanced provision exist. The medium- term detriments on the development of young children which occurred as a consequence of service closures during the COVID pandemic have increased demands on the service as children require additional support to catch up. The Additional Support for Learning National Implementation plan continues to inform our strategic direction in line with the Angela Morgan Review. The Scottish Government has committed to provide additional resource for ASL from 2025-26, to allow Council to take forward the aims and objectives of Additional Support for Learning Programme. In addition to this the Service is currently looking at alternative options for service delivery to mitigate budget pressures and are considering a formula-based approach from August 2025. Both above actions have allowed the Service to reduce the likelihood as well as the value of the risk. 2 50 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Education Pre-Five Units - retention of partner providers Failure in the commissioning or retention of pre-five partner provider units to deliver 1140 hours would result in an increased pressure on the Council to deliver the service. Annual financial appraisal; Support network; Short-term cash injections. 3 100 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Education Legislative Requirements - Education (Scotland) Act The Education (Scotland) Act 2000 requires Councils to undertake assessments of the need for the provision of Gaelic Medium Primary Education (GMPE) and the duty to support and promote Gaelic Education. This may lead to additional staffing requirements depending upon the demand for Gaelic from parents. Continuous monitoring and review of the service model and resources available within budget. 3 50 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Legal and Regulatory Support Contract RPI for NPDO and Hub Schools Increase in RPI would result in higher costs. Monitoring annual alteration to contract RPI rate and mitigation through financial forecasting and review of existing budget. 3 100 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Legal and Regulatory Support NPDO - Increase in insurance costs within NPDO Schools Increase in insurance costs as a result of the long-term effects of Covid-19 on the insurance market and flood claims. Monitoring annual alteration to contract insurance rate and mitigation through financial forecasting and review of existing budget. 3 75
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APPENDIX 1 DEPARTMENT/SERVICE FINANCIAL RISKS 2025-26 DEPARTMENT SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK MITIGATING ACTIONS IN PLACE LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 2025-26 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Legal and Regulatory Support Elections By-election(s) required outwith standard election cycle. Outwith direct management control. 4 60 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Legal and Regulatory Support Legal Services - Litigation Increased number of litigation cases. Ensure Legal Services are gateway to access all legal advice and that advice is sought at earliest opportunity. 3 50 Executive Director Douglas Hendry Legal and Regulatory Support NPDO/Hub DBFM contract management efficiencies Reduction in ability to generate contract management efficiencies. Monitoring annual efficiencies generated and mitigation through robust contract management and application of contract specifications / requirements. 2 50 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Customer Support Services Software Licences Potential risk of being under licensed for software which will be identified via software audits which would incur additional costs. ICT security and compliance officer in post and duties include review of systems to ensure fully licenced. 2 100 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Development and Economic Growth Homelessness Temporary Accommodation Income Unpredictable number of Homeless applications. Inability to recover rent. Increase costs of property maintenance and tenancy change over. Provision of Housing Options information and advice service to minimise number of applicants proceeding to full homeless application. Implementation of Rapid Rehousing Plan. 4 150 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Development and Economic Growth Dangerous Buildings Interventions Building Standards having to deal with an increasing level of dangerous building work which has significant financial implications for the Council. Monitor activity and seek to recover costs from the owner(s) of the affected buildings. 3 100 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Development and Economic Growth Planning Fee Penalties Potential that the Scottish Government may apply sanction penalties due to poor performance by the Planning Authority. The Scottish Government has recently appointed a national Planning Performance Champion however the detail of how this role intends to incentivise improvement/penalise poor performance at a local authority level remains unclear at this time Maintain high levels of performance as articulated by performance markers detailed in Planning Performance Framework annual report. 1 100 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Development and Economic Growth Planning Fee Shortfalls Planning fees subject to impact of wider economic position on building activity. There is a risk that planning fee income will be adversely impacted by wider economic challenges, leading to revenue budget pressures. Will continue to closely monitor Development Management income and expenditure and investigate further income generation streams. 1 100
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APPENDIX 1 DEPARTMENT/SERVICE FINANCIAL RISKS 2025-26 DEPARTMENT SERVICE TITLE OF RISK DESCRIPTION OF RISK MITIGATING ACTIONS IN PLACE LIKELIHOOD FINANCIAL IMPACT £000 2025-26 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Development and Economic Growth Building Warrant Fee Shortfalls Building Warrant fees subject to impact of wider economic position on building activity. There is a risk that planning fee income will be adversely impacted by wider economic challenges, leading to revenue budget pressures. Continue to closely monitor Building Standards income and expenditure and investigate further income generation streams. 1 50 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Financial Services Council Tax Debt Collection Recovery Recovery of debt becomes more difficult to pursue in the current economic climate. This is in relation to historical debt that has accumulated over many years therefore any adverse collection rates will impact on the year end bad debt provision. Robust monitoring of arrangements with debt collection agency and performance against target collection rates. Also enhanced data sharing with HMRC will further increase recovery opportunities. 2 150 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Financial Services Housing Benefit Subsidy Loss of Housing Benefit Subsidy due to exceeding LA error threshold. Processes in place for handling of claims accurately and efficiently. 1 125 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Financial Services Sundry Debt Recovery Recovery of debt becomes more difficult to pursue in the current economic climate. Additional staff are being put in place in the Sundry Debt Team who will work jointly with Legal Services to enhance the robustness of the Council's debt recovery processes. 3 85 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Roads Maintenance - Roads Network Adverse weather conditions result in deterioration of the road network necessitating greater spend on repair of defects. Manage maintenance budgets to ensure that spend is prioritised to deal with safety defects. 3 230 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Car Parking Income Reduced number of visitors to the area and use of Council owned car parks resulting in a reduction in income. Closely monitor income levels throughout the year, especially in high visitor seasons. 3 200 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Piers & Harbours Income Changes to ferry services resulting in reduced berthing and passenger income. Closely monitor passenger number information coming from CalMac to identify any emerging trends in relation to reducing passenger numbers. 3 200 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Winter Maintenance Adverse weather conditions which require greater than budgeted number of gritting runs. Monitor weather conditions and apply gritting policy to minimise costs. 3 150 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Street Lighting Age of lighting stock requires greater maintenance as health and safety becomes a consideration. Manage maintenance budgets to ensure that spend is prioritised to deal with safety defects. 3 100 Executive Director Kirsty Flanagan Roads and Infrastructure Services Fleet Maintenance Increased costs to maintain internal fleet due to inflationary increases on vehicle parts. Review of fleet underway to determine where reductions could possibly be made. 4 100 30 3,235