Item 5 - Appendix 3
West Dunbartonshire Council · 21 February 2024
Back to Infrastructure, Regeneration & Economic Development Committee — 21 February 2024 and its agenda
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Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy Strategy ITEM 5 - APPENDIX 3
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Contents Overview of LHEES ........................................................................................................................................ 4 The role of Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies ........................................................................... 5 Policy and Strategy .................................................................................................................................... 6 Engagement and consultation .................................................................................................................... 10 Stakeholder identification ....................................................................................................................... 10 Primary stakeholders .......................................................................................................................... 10 Secondary stakeholders ...................................................................................................................... 10 LHEES Engagement ................................................................................................................................. 11 Stage 3 – 4: Strategic Zoning and Pathways, Generation of Initial Delivery Areas ............................. 11 Stage 6: Finalisation of Delivery Areas ................................................................................................ 12 Project governance ................................................................................................................................. 14 Consultation ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Future engagement ................................................................................................................................ 15 Local authority progress ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Considerations, Targets and Indicators ...................................................................................................... 16 Heat networks ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Targets ................................................................................................................................................ 17 Indicators ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Detailed summary ............................................................................................................................... 17 Off gas grid and On gas grid .................................................................................................................... 18 Targets ................................................................................................................................................ 18 Indicators ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Detailed summary .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Poor building energy efficiency and Poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty .......... 19 Targets ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Indicators ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Detailed summary .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Mixed tenure, mixed use and buildings in Conservation Areas ............................................................. 19 Targets ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Indicators ............................................................................................................................................ 20 Detailed summary .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Baselining of building performance ............................................................................................................ 21
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Domestic ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Property characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 21 Energy efficiency and heating ............................................................................................................. 23 Heritage ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Non-domestic .......................................................................................................................................... 28 Generation of Strategic Zones and Pathways ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Strategic Zone Ranking .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Heat networks ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Screening methodology ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ranking ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Off gas grid ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Screening methodology ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ranking ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Finalised Strategic Zones ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. On gas grid ................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Screening methodology ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ranking ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Finalised Strategic Zones ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Poor building energy efficiency and poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Screening methodology ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ranking ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Finalised Strategic Zones ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Mixed tenure and mixed use ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Screening methodology ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ranking ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Summary of Strategy and next steps ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Heat networks ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Heat pumps and energy efficiency ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. LHEES Delivery Plan.................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Glossary ASHP Air Source Heat Pump EPC Energy Performance Certificate DZ Data Zone GSHP Ground Source Heat Pump HN Heat Network HNZ Heat Network Zone IZ Intermediate Zone LHEES Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas NAEI National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory OBC Outline Business Case PEAT Portfolio Energy Analysis Tool QQDHN Queens Quay District Heat Network SIMD Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation SSEN Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks SPEN Scottish Power Energy Networks SGN Scottish Gas Networks UPRN Unique Property Reference Number WSHP Water Source Heat Pump
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Overview of LHEES The role of Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (LHEES) are at the heart of a place based, locally led and tailored approach to the heat transition. The LHEES Strategy for West Dunbartonshire will underpin an area-based approach to heat and energy efficiency planning and delivery. The LHEES Strategy sets out the strategic framework for decarbonising heat and improving energy efficiency within buildings in West Dunbartonshire. This Strategy is the first for West Dunbartonshire, and will be required to then be updated at intervals of no more than five years. The strategic plan has been developed by following Scottish Government’s LHEES methodology and is therefore framed around the following Considerations: • Heat Networks • Off Gas Buildings • On Gas Buildings • Poor Building Energy Efficiency / Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty • Mixed Tenure, Mixed Use and Historic Buildings The full process of developing LHEES is outlined below. West Dunbartonshire has worked through the full process, from Policy and Strategy Review through to Finalisation of Delivery Areas. This document, the Strategy, is informed by the analysis and stakeholder engagement through the whole process, but specifically sets out the Strategic Zoning and Pathways. This sets the direction of travel for West Dunbartonshire, and sets out large-scale Strategic Zones in which focus will be given to developing and rolling out heat decarbonisation solutions. More detailed work, including the Building Level Pathway Assessment and Finalisation of Delivery Areas, will be published as part of the LHEES Delivery Plan. Figure 0—1 LHEES methodology (Scottish Government)
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The aim of the LHEES Strategy document is to: • set out how the building stock needs to change to meet national and local objectives, including achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions across all areas, and the removal of poor energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty; • identify strategic heat decarbonisation zones, and set out the principal measures for reducing buildings emissions within each zone; and • prioritise areas for delivery, against national and local priorities. Policy and Strategy Completion of an LHEES Strategy will support the Scottish Government to understand further the national landscape for the delivery of heat decarbonisation and ensure local authorities are delivering changes to help achieve Scotland’s statutory targets as set out in the Heat in Buildings Strategy. The Heat in Buildings Strategy (2021) sets the Scottish Government’s vision for the future of heat in buildings, with targets for 2030 including: • Emissions from homes and non-domestic buildings to fall by 68% by 2030 (versus 2020). • At least 22% of heat in buildings is to be directly supplied from renewable sources by 2030. • Where technically and legally feasible, and cost-effective, a large majority of buildings should achieve a good level of energy efficiency. • Over 50,000 non-domestic buildings are converted to zero emissions heat. Although predominantly dominated by the Heat in Buildings Strategy, an LHEES Strategy is also driven by Scotland’s statutory targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction and fuel poverty whose targets are: • Net zero emissions by 2045 and 75% reduction by 2030. • In 2040, as far as reasonably possible, no household in Scotland is in fuel poverty. West Dunbartonshire Council’s LHEES is further driven by local emissions and fuel poverty ambitions set out in Climate Change Strategy and Climate Change Action Plan. The Council aims to: • Achieve ‘net-zero’ by 2045, with interim carbon reduction targets of 61% by 2030-31 and 87% by 2040-41; • Continue to take action to reduce energy consumption and improve energy and water efficiency in our buildings and across our operations; • Continue to reduce energy demand and decarbonise heat supply in the Clydebank area and Queens Quay heat network; and • Further reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in our social housing and fuel poor households, ensuring fuel poverty and the decarbonisation of housing are key to achieving a net zero carbon future.
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Table 0—1 Review of National and Local Strategies and Polices relating to LHEES National Policy/Strategy/Plan Description Targets/Actions Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019 Targets to reduce Scotland's emissions of all greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero. LHEES will set out area based plan to deliver decarbonation of heating across all sectors. 75% reduction in emissions by 2030 and Net-zero by 2045 Heat in Buildings Strategy Building on the policies and actions set out in the 2020 Climate Change Plan, this Strategy sets out a pathway to zero emissions buildings by 2045 and details a series of near- term actions, as well as a range of further, longer-term commitments to accelerate and further scale the transformation of the nation’s building stock. By 2030 over 1 million homes and 50,000 non-domestic buildings to convert to using zero or low emissions heating systems. LHEES will identify the pathways to converting these buildings to zero or low emissions heating. Energy Efficient Scotland Sets out two main objectives: - Remove poor energy efficiency as a driver for fuel poverty; and - Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through more energy efficient buildings and the decarbonisation of heat supply. LHEES will identify pathways to improving energy efficiency in homes across all tenures. By 2040 all Scottish homes achieve an EPC C, where technically and financially feasible: - 15% domestic heat demand reduction by 2032; - 20% non-domestic heat demand reduction by 2032 - 35% domestic heat from low carbon sources by 2032 • 70% non-domestic heat from low carbon sources by 2032 Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021 Aims to accelerate the deployment of heat networks in Scotland through the introduction of a regulatory system aimed at boosting consumer confidence in the sector and providing greater certainty for investors. LHEES will identify potential Heat Network Zones to enable the setup and licensing. Rules and regulations on heat networks, including: - making applications; - identifying exemptions; - granting licenses; and - setting up heat network zones.
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National Planning Framework 4 The National Planning Framework (NPF) sets the context for development planning in Scotland and provides a framework for the spatial development of Scotland as a whole. NPF4 requires Local Development Plans (LDPs) to consider LHEES delivery areas. The spatial strategy of the LDP should also consider areas of heat network potential and any designated Heat Network Zones. NPF4 Policy 19 - Heat and Cooling, encourages LDPs to promote and facilitate development that supports decarbonised solutions to heat and cooling demand and ensure adaptation to more extreme temperatures. Tackling Child Poverty Delivery Plan 2022 - 2026 Sets out how Scotland will meet the interim targets set out in Keep the Promise, and makes commitments which will affect delivery plans for retrofitting energy efficiency measures and heat decarbonisation. Heat decarbonisation presents additional challenges for low income households. Actions should only be taken where they will have no detrimental impact on fuel poverty rates. Progress to net zero emissions should not disproportionately impact on those least able to pay. Local Climate Change Strategy Outlines plans to reduce environmental impact over the next five years and beyond. It sets a route map integrating climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability measures into our operations as well as empowering our communities to take their own action to make change. Achieve ‘net-zero’ by 2045, with interim carbon reduction targets of 61% by 2030-31 and 87% by 2040- 41 Local Development Plan Sets out the strategy and policies for the use of land and buildings within a planning authority area. It seeks to identify the most appropriate locations for new development while at the same time protecting the places people It is a requirement that LDPs are prepared to be consistent with National Planning Framework 4 (NPF4) which was adopted in February 2023. See NPF4 for alignment with LHEES.
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value or which are environmentally sensitive. It is the basis for assessing and determining applications for planning permission. The development plan consists of the NPF4 and the adopted West Dunbartonshire Local Plan (2010). Strategic Plan 2022- 2027 A road map for the Council over the next five years, setting out our vision for the area. The strategic priorities explain how the Council will work to improve the lives of residents. As well as clearly defining a set of Council priorities which directly support and empower residents, the Council has set out organisational priorities to inform how services are run, with an aim to reduce inequality. Four strategic outcomes: Our communities – resilient and thriving; Our environment – a greener future; Our economy – strong and flourishing; and Our Council – inclusive and adaptive. Local Housing Strategy 2022-2027 Sets out how West Dunbartonshire Council and its partners plan to address the housing and housing related opportunities and challenges over the next five year period. This new plan aims to build on the significant progress made on the issues identified in the previous LHS 2017-2022 and to address newly arising housing matters particularly in response to the Covid crisis. It sets out the local authority’s strategic approach to dealing with key housing related issues such as: - Delivering high quality housing and related services across all tenures; - Outlining its contribution to the effective integration of health and social care; and - Showing how the LHS is supporting the Scottish Government Targets, whilst reflecting the needs and priorities of the area.
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Engagement and consultation Developing West Dunbartonshire’s LHEES has necessitated stakeholder engagement. This chapter details the engagement undertaken to date in the LHEES process, and highlights the future consultation, engagement and governance structures required through the five-year timescale of West Dunbartonshire’s LHEES. Stakeholder identification Stakeholder mapping was carried out at the commencement of LHEES Stage 3 Strategic Zoning and Pathways. This resulted in lists of primary and secondary stakeholders to be developed, with whom to engage through the LHEES. Primary stakeholders Primary stakeholders are those that work within West Dunbartonshire Council, with an interest in LHEES. Key Council Service Areas are: • Planning • Assets • Finance • Roads and Transport • Community • Housing strategy • Housing development • Housing building services • Economic development • Energy • West Dunbartonshire Leisure The Engagement plan for the LHEES included a workshop at the end of LHEES Stage 3-4, at which the primary stakeholders in the Council had an opportunity to input into the strategic direction of the project and the approach to shortlisting Strategic Zones. Secondary stakeholders The secondary stakeholders identified at the commencement of LHEES Stage 3 are outlined in the table below. Table 0—1 LHEES secondary stakeholders West Dunbartonshire Energy Energy networks Scottish Water SSEN, SPEN SGN National Grid Heat network operators Housing Housing Associations Registered social landlords Housebuilders Local and regional government Neighbouring Local Authorities
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Glasgow City Region (including Clyde Mission) Key heat network connections NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde West College Scotland Police Scotland Marine Technology Park Key local employers Agrekko Vale of Leven Industrial Park Chivas Brothers Secondary stakeholders were invited to an engagement event at LHEES Stage 6 Finalisation of Delivery Areas. This enabled the Council to introduce the LHEES process, and for the stakeholders to provide more detailed local feedback about the Delivery Areas. Building and maintaining these relationships with external stakeholders is key to LHEES, as the Council will need to work together with external partners to deliver heat decarbonisation in West Dunbartonshire. LHEES Engagement The LHEES process included two stakeholder engagement sessions, at which local stakeholders were able to provide input into the emerging Strategy. Stage 3 – 4: Strategic Zoning and Pathways, Generation of Initial Delivery Areas An internal stakeholder engagement session was run between Stage 3 – 4 of the development of the LHEES, on 11th October 2023. The aim of this workshop was to introduce the LHEES process to primary stakeholders – those within the Council – and to ensure that feedback from various Council Service Areas informed the shortlisting of Strategic Zones and Delivery Areas. For each LHEES Consideration, the attendees were introduced to the underlying data and options for selecting Strategic Zones and Delivery Areas. Examples of the feedback are captured in Table 0—2 below. Table 0—2 Stage 3-4 Stakeholder Engagement: Key themes Consideration Area Stakeholder Feedback Heat networks Flood risk needs to be considered – especially around Dumbarton town centre. Potential for housing development around Sandpoint Marina. General support for heat networks development in Dumbarton due to mix of typologies and alignment to fuel poverty alleviation targets. Off- and on-gas grid decarbonisation Retrofit measures Kilbowie Court is owned by the Council and is an electrically heated building, which has already had retrofit of building fabric and smart controls installed. Some types of retrofit measures have not been undertaken by the Council – including double glazing and cavity wall insulation. Historically, have had problems with water ingress causing construction damage in buildings with retrofit cavity insulation due to driving rain in the local climate.
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Preferred retrofit approach to date has been external wall insulation with loft insulation. Low carbon heating systems Clydebank Housing Association have had discussions around a communal network and have applied for Scottish Government grant funding to extend the network to the community centre. Targets and priorities Targeting areas of high fuel poverty has always been, and will continue to be, the highest priority. To date, the large rural intermediate zones have not been the first choice for funding due to low visibility, but decarbonisation does need to happen across the whole local authority area. Current targets have been to meet Scottish Government targets for EESH and other funding streams – typically 450 houses per year, but have done up to 700 homes in a single year. Risks Availability of investment budget needs to keep up with inflation of construction costs. Energy efficiency and fuel poverty Strategic Zones Can have very deprived areas directly adjacent to more affluent areas – better able to pick these out at the Delivery Area level Selection of Strategic Zones needs to consider fuel poverty. Data issues Homes with poor EPCs already demolished in Dockfair, Wheatley, Mountblow – but still showing in Scotland Heat Map data. Every council house in Castlehill and Dalreoch has already been overclad. Stage 6: Finalisation of Delivery Areas On the 21st November 2023, a stakeholder engagement session was run for the secondary stakeholders. The aim of this workshop was to socialise the shortlisted Delivery Areas, gain a better understanding of external stakeholders’ attitudes towards heat decarbonisation in West Dunbartonshire. Heat networks Heat networks was a strong focus of the session, driven by the Council’s eagerness to develop heat network zones. Attendees included Council representatives as well as heat network operators and potential connections. Barriers and strengths The workshop encouraged participants to identify the barriers to achieving proliferation of heat networks in West Dunbartonshire. Table 0—3 details the key themes that were raised in this session.
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Table 0—3 Heat networks: barriers and strengths Barriers Strengths Technical Fear of lock-in to one solution in a heat network River and railway crossings Longevity of the solution Regulatory requirements for resilience at NHS sites Grid capacity Mature technologies and examples of operational projects Low-grade heat from the river Local solar generation Commercial Numbers of counterparties with whom to sign connection deals. Cost of electricity and heat pumps. Existing partnership models and lessons learnt Champions of heat networks are now present in West Dunbartonshire – both Council and external Other Attractiveness of heat network zones outside of Queens Quay Planning heat networks to reduce both carbon emissions and fuel poverty Heat Network Zones The five shortlisted Heat Network Zones were sense-checked with local knowledge, to highlight any data issues or irregularities. For example significant heat sources, missing demands, or over-representations. Table 0—4 Heat Network Zones: key outputs Heat Network Zone Potential Issues Clydebank Wastewater treatment plant at Dalmuir Potential for PV farms to generate electricity for heat pumps Appetite to extend the network Dumbarton Wastewater treatment plant at Ardoch Castlehill wastewater pumping station Alexandria Scottish Water sewer between Alexandria and River Leven Scale of development could catalyse a new heat network Action planning Participants were encouraged to develop an action plan to deliver heat networks in West Dunbartonshire. • Stakeholder engagement o Appetite was strong for a Council-led Heat Network Zone Coordinator role as a contact to facilitate stakeholder engagement and to manage relationships in the zone. o Education is a key part of engagement with potential heat network connections, requiring a mixture of one-to-one conversations and webinars.
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o There is a need to better understand the existing assets, including energy and other costs (for example carbon offsetting) • Zoning strategy o Larger heat network zones were preferred, to benefit from the economies of scale – for example resulting in potentially lower heat costs, and being able to deliver greater social value through scale. • Technology o Recovery and reuse of heat, for example recovering heat from cooling of buildings will be a key theme o Connecting to meters and the Building Management Systems and being able to operate the system with smart controls will enable more efficient heat networks Building fabric retrofit The LHEES Considerations for Energy Efficiency (in isolation, and as a driver of fuel poverty) were also discussed with external stakeholders – including the Housing Associations. The attendees were encouraged to consider actions that need to be carried out as part of the LHEES. Stakeholders identified: • Archetype-based interventions are useful to run a pilot project and then roll out as a wider scheme – for example starting with sandstone tenements or pre-1919 housing stock. • Appetite to set a “fabric-first” minimum energy efficiency target • Potential to require building warrants to ensure that retrofit of heating systems is always “heat- pump ready”, similar to what is already the case for new homes. • Zone Partner, concession-based approach to enable an obligation to be placed to invest in energy efficiency within the Delivery Areas. This could also enable better identification of future heat network connection opportunities. On-gas and off-gas grid The on- and off-gas grid group discussed the Delivery Areas proposed for on- and off-gas grid decarbonisation. They identified a series of potential heat sources and constraints in the proposed Delivery Areas. Project governance A LHEES Working Group will be established, as part of the Climate Change Action Group, to support the LHEES delivery team. The Council will also establish a “Project Board” with involvement from Housing Management, Asset Management and Regulatory and Regeneration. The board will be responsible for the project outcomes, approving project direction and authorising use of resources including the Scottish Government grant funds. Consultation Public consultation is to be undertaken on the draft Strategy (this document) before it is adopted and published, following West Dunbartonshire’s processes and practices. This will be a full public consultation and will take place over a six week period. The Consultation plan will be developed to ensure meaningful and targeted engagement with groups and organisations of interest through surveys and social media. Comments from the consultation will be included in revisions to the final Strategy.
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Future engagement The development of the LHEES Delivery Plan, which follows from the adoption of this Strategy, will involve greater stakeholder engagement, particularly focusing on those stakeholders within the shortlisted Delivery Areas. As part of the Delivery Plan, a Monitoring and Engagement Plan will also be developed to set out how West Dunbartonshire Council will engage with local businesses and residents to deliver heat decarbonisation projects in the area.
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West Dunbartonshire Progress The Council has made significant initial strides to increase energy efficiency, reduce fuel poverty and decarbonise heat sources across the local authority area. The Queens Quay District Heat Network is the largest Water Source Heat Pump of its kind in Scotland and has commenced the decarbonisation the former John Brown Shipyard in Clydebank. Heat pumps extract water from the River Clyde at the state of the art energy centre and transport the heat through district heating network to homes and businesses. At present, the Queen Quay network supplies: Aurora House, Titan Enterprise Centre, Clydebank Leisure Centre, Queens Quay House, Town Hall, Library, and 192 domestic properties. There is significant potential for further extension of the network to service a wider area of Clydebank, including the Golden Jubilee Hospital. Queens Quay District Heat Network reduces carbon emissions for domestic and non-domestic buildings and provides a viable renewable heat alternative to fossil. The Council is also progressing some Air Source Heat Pump pilot projects to individual domestic properties and monitoring the financial costs and viability for future developments. Buildings should have high levels of energy efficiency to ensure an Air Source Heat Pump runs as efficiently as possible and does not have a negative impact on fuel costs in comparison to fossil fuel alternatives. The Council also has a number of energy efficiency programmes operating across the local authority area to increase energy efficiency through insulation interventions namely: loft, cavity wall, internal wall, and external wall insulation. These types of improvements to properties will aid to reduce fuel bills for those at risk of or living in fuel poverty, reduce carbon emissions and prepare for viable future low carbon heating connections. The analysis carried out in this Strategy will aid in the identification of areas of focus where energy efficiency improvements are most needed.
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Considerations, Targets and Indicators Data on the building stock of West Dunbartonshire has been analysed to inform the selection of Strategic Zones, which are large areas of focus for wide-scale delivery of heat decarbonisation solutions. Considerations refers to the six LHEES considerations Targets refers to the specific thresholds to which buildings within Strategic Zones should be brought. Indicators refers to the measurable characteristics that have been used to identify and rank Strategic Zones Heat networks The Heat Networks LHEES consideration aims to decarbonise buildings through the development of heat networks. The LHEES has developed a series of Heat Network Zones, within which a focus will be given to developing heat networks. Targets The Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021 sets a national target of heat supplied by heat networks to reach 2.6 TWh/year by 2027 and 6 TWh/year by 2030. This equates to 3% and 8% of current heat supply. For West Dunbartonshire, this means that a target of 67.5 GWh/year heat demand should be met by heat networks by 2030. Indicators Linear heat density In order to identify Heat Network Zones, “heat-dense” areas have been identified – that is, areas in which a heat network would be able to deliver a lot of heat with a small length of pipework. As an initial indication of heat network viability, a linear heat density threshold of 4 MWh/year/m is used, as recommended by Scottish Government’s LHEES Methodology for rural areas. Anchor loads Anchor loads are buildings in heat networks with high heat demand and that would be simple to connect to – for example public sector buildings like leisure centres and schools. Therefore, Heat Network Zones with a higher number of anchor loads have been prioritised. Fuel poverty Through stakeholder engagement, fuel poverty has been identified as an ongoing focus for West Dunbartonshire. Therefore, indicators of fuel poverty and extreme fuel poverty have been used to identify Heat Network Zones within which there is a greater number of properties in fuel poverty. Detailed summary A detailed summary of the indicators used to assess the Heat Networks LHEES Consideration can be found in the Appendix.
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Off gas grid and On gas grid The LHEES Off Gas Grid and On Gas Grid Considerations focus on how to decarbonise homes by installing heat pumps. The approach to categorisation of buildings for heat pump readiness and ranking of Strategic Zones by Targets Heat pumps operate most efficiently in buildings that are well insulated and therefore can operate heating systems at lower temperatures. For this reason, analysis of the impact of the Off Gas Grid and On Gas Grid Considerations include energy efficiency interventions that may need to be carried out to properties to be able to install heat pumps. The target energy efficiency level for these preparatory retrofits has been aligned to Scottish Government’s Heat in Buildings Strategy as follows: - Public sector housing: EPC B - Private sector housing: EPC C – based on the Heat in Buildings Strategy target for private rented properties, but also applied to owner-occupied properties as a target level of energy efficiency Indicators The analysis categorises buildings into four different categories depending on their “heat pump readiness” based on several different characteristics of the building fabric. Heritage Properties with Listed status or those in Conservation Areas can be more difficult places to install heat pumps due to limitations around affordable retrofit to bring systems to lower temperatures and the visual amenity of the heat pump unit itself. Building fabric Properties with insulated walls, loft insulation and double glazing already installed are more readily suitable for heat pump retrofit. Current heating fuel Properties that are already heated with low carbon systems are excluded from the analysis as they do not require heat pumps to be installed to decarbonise. The current heating fuel is then also used to identify properties in which heat pump retrofit should be prioritised. For example, those that currently use biomass, solid fuels, LPG or oil are brought into categories that indicate more immediate potential for heat pump retrofit. Detailed summary A detailed summary of the indicators used to assess the Heat Networks LHEES Consideration can be found in the Appendix.
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Poor building energy efficiency and Poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty These LHEES Considerations aim to tackle poor building energy efficiency in West Dunbartonshire by rolling out retrofit programmes that bring homes up to a higher standard. For properties in fuel poverty, additional consideration is given to how poor energy efficiency may be impacting the ability of occupants to afford heating their homes. Targets As for the targets for On and Off Gas Grid, these LHEES Considerations target the Heat in Buildings Strategy thresholds as follows: - Public sector housing: EPC B - Private sector housing: EPC C – based on the Heat in Buildings Strategy target for private rented properties, but also applied to owner-occupied properties as a target level of energy efficiency Indicators Energy efficiency Some simple indicators of poor building energy efficiency have been used to identify properties with poor energy efficiency in West Dunbartonshire. - Uninsulated walls - Loft insulation <100mm Fuel poverty An indication of the likelihood of a property to be in fuel poverty is available for every home in West Dunbartonshire. This includes: - Fuel poverty: estimated fuel bill is >10% of income after housing costs. - Extreme fuel poverty estimated fuel bill is >20% of income after housing costs. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation is also used to identify areas with other causes of deprivation. Mixed tenure, mixed use and buildings in Conservation Areas This LHEES Consideration targets properties in four main categories: • Mixed tenure buildings • Mixed use buildings • Listed buildings • Conservation areas It aims to highlight areas in which heat decarbonisation may be difficult to deliver, due to ownership and tenure of the properties, or the potential heritage impacts of installing heat pumps and retrofitting buildings to higher levels of energy efficiency. Targets Buildings in this category will still be held to the same targets in the Heat in Buildings Strategy of: - Public sector housing: EPC B
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- Private sector housing: EPC C – based on the Heat in Buildings Strategy target for private rented properties, but also applied to owner-occupied properties as a target level of energy efficiency Indicators The indicators for this Consideration are limited to tenure, listed status and Conservation Area. Detailed summary A detailed summary of the indicators used to assess the Heat Networks LHEES Consideration can be found in the Appendix.
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Baselining of building performance The purpose of this section is to set out the baseline of West Dunbartonshire’s current building stock in terms of its characteristics, energy efficiency and level of heat decarbonisation, split by domestic and non-domestic properties. This section uses outputs generated from following Scottish Government’s LHEES Guidance to utilise the LHEES Stage 3 Baseline Tools for both the domestic and non-domestic stock. Domestic The Energy Savings Trust’s Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset was used as the basis of the domestic baseline modelling. Within West Dunbartonshire, the domestic building stock equates to a total of 93.6% of all the buildings within the local authority, with a total count of 46,252, and a heat demand of 517.4 GWh per year (80% of the local authority’s total). The 46k domestic building stock within West Dunbartonshire has been summarised by various characteristics, providing percentage counts for each characteristic category: • Property Characteristics • Energy Efficiency and Heat Supply • Property Tenure and Heritage/Historic Buildings National averages are provided from either the: • Scottish House Condition Survey 20211 • Technical Feasibility of Low Carbon Heating in Domestic Buildings - Report for Scottish Government’s Directorate for Energy & Climate Change 20202 Property characteristics Property Age The majority of domestic properties in West Dunbartonshire fall within a construction age band of between 1950-1983 with 48% of domestic properties within this band (22k homes). Outside of this band, the building stock is very mixed. 1 https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-house-condition-survey-2021-key-findings/pages/1-key-attributes- of-the-scottish-housing-stock/ 2 https://www.gov.scot/publications/technical-feasibility-low-carbon-heating-domestic-buildings-report-scottish- governments-directorate-energy-climate-change/
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Figure 0—1 Property Age Domestic Baselining The number of domestic properties within the pre-1919 age band is below the national average, with 19% of buildings in Scotland are reported to have been built before 19193. Property Type Variance is also identified in the domestic property type within West Dunbartonshire. The property type with the largest proportion of the stock are ‘Small blocks of flats/dwellings converted into flats’ with 23% of domestic properties within this band. ‘Blocks of flats’ were the second highest with 21% and ‘Semi-detached’ third with 18%. Figure 0—2 Property Type Domestic Baselining 3 Technical Feasibility of Low Carbon Heating in Domestic Buildings - Report for Scottish Government’s Directorate for Energy & Climate Change (2020)
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In comparison to the national average, there is a far higher proportion of ‘Small blocks of flats/dwellings converted into flats’ in West Dunbartonshire - 23%, compared to 14% of the national domestic building stock. The national averages for each property type are below with their equivalent West Dunbartonshire percentage for comparison. Table 0—1 Domestic Property Type National Comparison Property Type National Rank (%) West Dunbartonshire % Detached/Semi Detached 1 (39%) (27%) Mid/End Terraced House 2 (20%) (20%) Block of Flats 3 (15%) (21%) Small Block of Flats/Converted Flats 4 (14%) (23%) Large Block of Flats 5 (6%) (5%) Flat in Mixed Use Building 6 (5%) (4%) Energy efficiency and heating Domestic energy efficiency and heating characteristics summarised for baselining include EPC bandings, wall construction and insulation, off gas grid status, main fuel type, loft insulation level and window glazing. EPC Bandings The vast majority of domestic properties (83%) fall within an EPC band of either C or D. West Dunbartonshire has a lower-than-average proportion of properties at high EPC bands, with more properties falling into EPC bands C-D than the national average. Figure 0—3 EPC Banding Domestic Baselining
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Table 0—2 Domestic EPC Banding National Comparison EPC Rating National West Dunbartonshire A-B 9% 7% C 39% 46% D 35% 37% E 12% 8% F-G 5% 2% Wall Construction and Insulation The most prevalent wall construction type within West Dunbartonshire is Cavity Walls, at 50% of the domestic building stock. Overall, 60% of all walls are insulated, with 40% uninsulated. Figure 0—4 Wall Construction and Insulation Domestic Baselining Loft Insulation If loft insulation has already been applied to homes, the majority will have done this to a good level - greater than 250mm. Only 8% of domestic properties have either no insulation, or less than 99mm.
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Figure 0—5 Loft Insulation Domestic Baselining Glazing The prevalence of single glazed windows in West Dunbartonshire is low, with only 3% of domestic properties falling within this category and 97% having either double or triple glazing. Figure 0—6 Window Glazing Domestic Baselining Off Gas Grid In comparison to the Scottish House Condition Survey 2021, the number of off-gas grid domestic properties within West Dunbartonshire is below the Scottish average of 12%. Only 9% of the housing stock in West Dunbartonshire is off gas grid.
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Figure 0—7 Off Gas Grid Domestic Baselining Main Fuel Type: As 91% of all domestic properties are on gas grid, the main fuel type within West Dunbartonshire is Natural Gas at also 91%. This is higher than the national average of 80%. Electricity is the second most common main heating fuel in West Dunbartonshire, supplying 8% of domestic heat, compared to 11% nationally. The remainder in order of proportion is met by Oil (0.70%), LPG (0.27%) and Biomass (0.10%). West Dunbartonshire has a much lower proportion of properties still using heating oil – 0.7%, compared to 6% nationally. Figure 0—8 Main Heating Fuel Domestic Baselining
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Tenure and heritage Tenure The tenure most prevalent in West Dunbartonshire’s housing stock is ‘Owner Occupied’ properties at 55% of homes. ‘Privately Rented’ homes account for 7% of the stock, meaning that 62% of domestic properties in West Dunbartonshire are of private tenure. Figure 0—9 Tenure Type Domestic Baselining In comparison to the national average, West Dunbartonshire has a higher proportion of public tenure types, with both ‘Local Authority’ and ‘Housing Association’ above the national average. The national averages for each tenure type are below with their equivalent West Dunbartonshire rank and percentage for comparison. Table 0—3 Domestic Tenure Type National Comparison Tenure Type National West Dunbartonshire Owner Occupied 62% 55% Privately Rented 14% 7% Local Authority 12% 24% Housing Association 11% 14% 25% of properties in West Dunbartonshire are classified as being ‘ Mixed Tenure’ - defined as domestic units within a building of at least two different tenures, e.g. owner occupied and private rented.
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Figure 0—10 Mixed Tenure Domestic Baselining Heritage 98% of domestic properties in West Dunbartonshire are not in Conservation Areas. Figure 0—11 Conservation Area Domestic Baselining Only 1% of the domestic stock are in Listed buildings- those defined as buildings of special architectural or historic interest and are protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997. The number of Listed domestic properties is below the national average, with 3% of domestic buildings in Scotland are reported to have either a listed building category of A, B or C as reported within the Technical Feasibility of Low Carbon Heating in Domestic Buildings - Report for Scottish Government’s Directorate for Energy & Climate Change (2020). Non-domestic The Energy Savings Trust’s Non-Domestic Analytics (v 1.1) dataset was used as the basis of the non- domestic baseline modelling. Within West Dunbartonshire the non-domestic building stock equates to a total of 6.4% of all the buildings within the local authority, with a total count of 3,147, and a heat demand of 144.5 GWh per year (20% of the local authority’s total). The 3k non-domestic building stock within West Dunbartonshire have been summarized by various characteristics, providing counts and heating demand for each characteristic category: • Typology • Floor Area • Property Age • Main Fuel Type National Averages are provided from the: • Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report (2018)4 Typology The non-domestic building stock of West Dunbartonshire is varied. The majority of properties (by count) fall within the typology of ‘Retail’ with 30% of properties, followed by ‘Offices’ (19%) and ‘Light 4 https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-non-domestic-energy-efficiency-baseline/
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Manufacturing’ (19%). 68% of non-domestic properties within West Dunbartonshire fall within one of these three typology categories. This is a similar composition to the national non-domestic stock. Table 0—4 Non-Domestic Typology Baselining Main Typology Property Count Property Count (%) Heat Demand (MWh/yr) Heat Demand (%) General sports & leisure 93 3% 7,620 5% Clubs and community centres 96 3% 6,464 4% Museums, art galleries, libraries, law courts 16 1% 1,280 1% Large entertainment sites (e.g. theatres, cinemas, conference centres) 5 <1% 356 <1% Places of worship 59 2% 4,469 3% Education 46 1% 6,735 5% Emergency services 10 <1% 847 1% Health 37 1% 4,436 3% Hotels 59 2% 9,105 6% Cafes, pubs, restaurants and takeaways 125 4% 5,731 4% Light manufacturing / industry / workshop 612 19% 28,497 20% Heavy manufacturing / industry 58 2% 3,794 3% Offices 594 19% 20,112 14% Retail 933 30% 24,444 17% Storage / distribution 87 3% 4,115 3% Residential 182 6% 9,731 7% Military and prison 0 0% 0 0% Other 56 2% 2,733 2% Screened out 37 1% 1,777 1% Total 3,147 100% 144,481 100% Floor area The majority of non-domestic buildings within West Dunbartonshire are classified as having floor areas below 500 m2, with 34% having 0 - 100 m2 and 46% 100 - 500 m2. Figure 0—12 Non-Domestic Floor Area Count Baselining
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However, although 0 - 100 m2 has the highest floor area count, this category has the lowest cumulative heat demand of 11,374 MWh (8%), and building with a floor area category above 1,000 m2 a cumulative heat demand of 59,356 MWh/yr (44%). Figure 0—13 Non-Domestic Floor Area Heat Demand Baselining Property age The construction age band with the highest count of non-domestic properties is ‘1950-1983’, which is the same as for domestic stock. The ‘Pre-1919’ band also has a similar number of non-domestic properties. A quarter of non-domestic buildings in West Dunbartonshire were constructed since 1983. Figure 0—14 Non-Domestic Property Age Count Baselining The non-domestic heating demand for the different property age bands align to similar proportions to that of the count of properties within each age band.
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Figure 0—15 Non-Domestic Property Age Heat Demand Baselining The ‘Post-1983’ non-domestic property age band cumulative heat demand is significantly contributed by five major typologies: ‘Residential’, ‘Light Manufacturing’, ‘Offices’, ‘Retail’ and ‘Hotels’. Fuel type The highest proportion of fuel for non-domestic properties is ‘Electricity’ for 1,824 properties (59%), followed by ‘Mains Gas’ (32%), ‘Oil’ (8%) and ‘Other’ (1%). Figure 0—16 Non-Domestic Main Fuel Count Baselining Relating counts of properties to heat demands, ‘Mains Gas’ has the highest supplied heat to non- domestic properties within West Dunbartonshire, with ‘Electricity’ coming second. Comparing Fuel Type statistics to the national average for Scotland, West Dunbartonshire has a higher- than-average proportion of ‘Electrically’ heated non domestic properties with 58% versus the national average of 42%. With this higher proportion of ‘Electric’ fuel, the proportion of ‘Mains Gas’ is below the national average at 32% in West Dunbartonshire compared to 50% nationally. ‘Oil’ is also higher than the national average at 8% compared to 5% nationally5. 5 Scotland's non-domestic energy efficiency baseline: report (2018).
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Figure 0—17 Non-Domestic Main Heating Fuel National Comparison
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Generation of Strategic Zones and Pathways Strategic Zones are useful to understand the baseline performance, the scale of potential and initial areas of focus, which could be used to inform the identification of Delivery Areas and follow-on engagement. Strategic Zone Ranking For West Dunbartonshire, Strategic Zones are at a Data Zone level. The top five Strategic Zones have been selected for each LHEES Consideration, following the weighted scoring methodology outlined in the Considerations, Targets and Indicators section. Heat Networks will however be summarised at the level of individual Heat Network Zones instead of Data Zones. Heat networks Screening methodology The analysis uses the Scotland Heat Map (2019) and West Dunbartonshire Local Development Plan (LDP) information to model potential 4th generation heat network zones. 4th generation heat networks are typically heat only 65-45°C (flow-return) network usually low-carbon via a central plant. Each property has a Unique Property Reference Number (UPRN), however properties are grouped under a Parent UPRN if they share the same building structure e.g. units in a block of flats. Heat demands were aggregated from UPRN to building level based on Parent UPRN to aid in heat zoning analysis. The analysis to identify heat network opportunities uses a linear heat density (LHD) approach. LHD an industry standard metric that relates heat to distance, for a heat network it is heat demand per meter of pipe. LHD is used to identify a notional network length for each property based on the property’s heat demand. A matrix of this is used within this methodology, three standard linear heat densities exist: • 4,000 kWh/m/year – More rural local authority areas • 8,000 kWh/m/year – More urban local authority areas • 16,000 kWh/m/year – Dense urban areas such as major cities A LHD level of 8,000 kWh/m/year was selected for West Dunbartonshire. The distances are mapped in GIS for each location and if these distances overlap a potential heat network opportunity is identified. Potential Zones are identified where heat networks present a decarbonisation pathway that could be of strategic significance or might warrant further investigation. Figure 0—1 Linear Heat Densities Potential heat network zones generated using the LHD methodology above are then screened further using an anchor load criteria. Anchor loads are high heat demand buildings which usually drive the
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economics of a network. Several factors are normally considered when defining anchor loads but for this high level study a demand of at least 500 MWh/year is the determining factor (the standard threshold within LHEES Guidance). A standard threshold of a minimum two anchor loads per zone was selected as per the default criterion. In addition manual screening of zones was undertaken to ensure the anchor loads within each identified zone still existed and if not, delete them, and re-calculating the counts of anchor load per zone, then removing any zones with less than two anchor loads. Following this 12 potential heat network zones were identified with a total of 253 GWh/year heat demand. These zones were interrogated analysing factors such as constraints and heat resources and ranked based on these factors to identify the top five ranking Potential Heat Network Zones from these 12. Ranking To enable the identification of the top five Potential Heat Network Zones for integration and further interrogation within an LHEES Delivery Plan, all 12 identified Potential Heat Network Zones have been ranked based upon different indicators, with a weighting per indicator rank also applied to generate an overall ranking. The four indicators based upon which these ranking have been generated are: • Opportunity Category – An opportunity category is user-defined to each potential heat network zone as either a High / Medium / Low, incorporating results following considerations into each zone’s heat resources, constraints and zone potential. • Count of Anchor Loads – Anchor loads (500 MWh+) aid in driving the economics of heat networks by being potential key clients/customers, thus a higher count provides a higher driver and aids feasibility of installation. • Total Heat Demand – Similar to anchor loads, the higher the demand and thus supply of heat via a heat network also aids in driving economic feasibility. • Count of Households in Fuel Poverty – Connecting to a low carbon heat network source may result in lower customer heat rates, aiding households currently within fuel poverty. The indicator weightings used within the zone ranking are as follows: Table 0—1 Heat Networks Zone Indicator Weightings Opportunity Category Count of Anchor Loads Total Heat Demand Count of Fuel Poverty Households Weighting (%) 60% 10% 10% 20% Following these weighted rankings, the top five ranking Heat Network Zones are as follows: 1. Clydebank 2. Dumbarton 3. Alexandria 4. Littleholm 5. Kilbowie The locations of these zones are presented in Figure 0—2.
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Figure 0—2 Heat Networks Top 5 Ranking Zones Finalised Strategic Zones Through feedback from stakeholder consultation, the three most southerly networks of the five top ranking zones (Clydebank, Littleholm and Kilbowie) were combined into a larger Combined Heat Network Zone. This provides a larger area in the vicinity of the existing Queens Quay heat network in which new heat networks, or extensions of existing, may be delivered. In addition to the three Zones identified through the LHEES analysis and ranking exercise, the stakeholder consultation recommended the addition of two other Heat Network Zones within the Combined Heat Network Zone. These are the Golden Jubilee (highlighted in analysis but ranked below top five) and Dalmuir Flats (highlighted as part of the Queens Quay OBC). Radnor Park Kilbowie (also highlighted as part of the Queens Quay OBC) is also highlighted within the Combined Heat Network Zone as a potential area of expansion.
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Clydebank (Combined Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—3 Combined Clydebank Heat Network Zone Due to the proximity of three of the five heat network Strategic Zones to each other, a larger zone encompassing these networks should be considered as a zone of stakeholder interest. This will encompass Clydebank, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Dalmuir, Littleholm and Kilbowie. Expansion options for the existing Queens Quay heat network were assessed in an Outline Business Case (OBC) in 2022, which indicated initial economic viability of a potential for expansion of the network from Clydebank to the Golden Jubilee Hospital and Dalmuir Flats. Radnor Park Kilbowie (DH22) was also identified in this study as a potential future expansion area for the network, although not a priority. A heat network in this Combined Heat Network Zone could be supplied by the existing Queens Quay Energy Centre, which currently houses two Water Source Heat Pumps with a heating capacity of 2.65 MW each, and two backup boilers (7 MW each), supplying flow temperatures of approximately 75°C, and return temperatures of 45°C. A possible cross-boundary extension of heat networks eastwards into Glasgow is a further possibility following engagement with Glasgow City Council. The case is strengthened by the presence of West Dunbartonshire’s large area of interest for heat networks north of Clydebank, on the local authority boundary.
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Clydebank (part of the Clydebank Combined Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—4 Clydebank Heat Network Zone Heat demand: 85.3 GWh/year within identified potential zone, of which 36.3 GWh/year is from the 31 anchor loads (500 MWh/year+). Zone area: 214 hectares (39.8 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 31 Key anchor loads: Queens Quay Care Home LDP Site; Queens Quay LDP Sites; West College Scotland Clydebank Campus; ASDA Superstore; Clydebank Leisure Centre; WDC Depot; Vitrology; Simpson Retail Court; Dunrobin Retail Court; St Margaret of Scotland Hospice LDP sites: 20 LDP Sites total, inside or within 250m. Key sites include, Queens Quay = 1,045 resi units, Queens Quay Care Home = 1000 resi units, Rothesary Dock = 13,637 m2 Storage, Cable Depot Road = 200 resi units, John Knox Street = 4,976 m2 Workshop and RHI Site = 120 resi units. Heat sources: The River Clyde provides river source Water Source Heat Pump opportunities, with a Water Source Heat Pump already installed at the Clydebank Leisure Centre. An Anaerobic Digestion Plant awaiting construction on the Rothesay Dock LDP Site. A Combined Heat and Power Network is present within the West College site. Fuel poverty: 564 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, which equates to 33% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 326 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (19%). Constraints: The A8014 and A814 A-Roads and the Railway all intersect the zone, isolating various anchor loads.
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Littleholm (part of the Clydebank Combined Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—5 Littleholm Heat Network Zone Opportunity description: The potential heat network zone opportunity in Dalmuir focuses on Clyde, Park and West Courts, all of which are large residential tower blocks of public tenure. Zone is surrounded by vast green space for potential Ground Source Heat Pumps. Opportunity category: High – High density of anchor loads under WDC control. Heat demand*: 2.2 GWh/year within identified potential zone, with 2.1 GWh/year of the heat demand from the three anchor loads. Zone area: 5 hectares (40.5 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads* (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 3 Anchor loads: Clyde Court; Park Court , West Court LDP sites: No LDP sites are located within, or 250m of the Zone. Heat sources: The zone is surrounded by Dalmuir Municipal Golf Course and Dalmuir Public Park which may provide opportunities for Ground Source Heat Pump boreholes. The Duntocher Burn intersects the zone, further assessment on the burn is required, but this may provide Water Source Heat Pump potential. Mountblow House to the Northwest already utilises a gas boiler fed heat network which could be expanded. Fuel poverty*: 105 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, which is 39% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 66 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (24%). *The heat demand and fuel poverty statistics do not take into account changes since these properties have been externally overclad thus the actual number of fuel poverty dwellings and heat demand is likely smaller than that presented here.
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Dalmuir (part of the Clydebank Combined Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—6 Dalmuir Flats Heat Network Zone Opportunity description: Although initially not identified due to no anchor loads within, and highlighted during stakeholder engagement, this potential heat network zone opportunity in Dalmuir focuses on the six large residential tower blocks of public tenure. Opportunity category: Medium – Although no anchor loads are identified within the zone, there is high density of loads under WDC control. Heat demand: 9.3 GWh/year within identified potential zone. Zone area: 9 hectares (103 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads: (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 0 Anchor loads: N/A LDP sites: Within 250m of the Zone, Auld Street = 20 resi units, Auld Street Phase 2 = 16 resi units and Caledonia Street = 18 resi units. Heat sources: The canal to the south presents a potential opportunity for a Water Source Heat Pump or the Dalmuir Public Park which may provide opportunities for Ground Source Heat Pump boreholes. Fuel poverty: 442 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, equating to 44% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 367 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (36%). Constraints: No major constraints are located within the Zone.
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Golden Jubilee Hospital (part of the Clydebank Combined Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—7 Golden Jubilee Hospital Heat Network Zone Opportunity description: The main opportunity from existing demand focuses on the Golden Jubilee Hospital and Conference Centre Hotel. The Local Development Plan sites to the North (54 resi units) and West (1,781 m2 Workshop) within the zone could be a viable connections. Opportunity category: Medium – High density of heat from the hospital, although localised. A connection from Queens Quay network and hospital is a potential solution, and is being actively pursued. Heat demand: 30.5 GWh/year within identified potential zone. 24 GWh/year of the heat demand was from the four anchor loads. Zone area: 37 hectares (81.8 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads: (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 4 Anchor loads: Golden Jubilee Hospital (Block 1 and Block 2); Golden Jubilee Hospital Conference Hotel; Powerhouse Fitness LDP sites: Clydebank Ind. Estate = 1,781 m2 workshop, Auld Street = 20 resi units, Auld Street Phase 2 = 16 resi units and Caledonia Street = 18 resi units. Heat sources: There is potential for extension of Water Source Heat Pump at Queens Quay District Heat Network. The adjacent Wastewater Treatment Works also utilise a Water Source Heat Pump from the River Clyde. The Waste Water Treatment Works as well as the primary hospital site (being an NAEI point emitter) are both potentially useful heat sources. Fuel poverty: 69 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, equating to 27% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 19 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (7%).
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Kilbowie (part of the Combined Clydebank Heat Network Zone) Figure 0—8 Kilbowie Heat Network Zone Opportunity description: The potential heat network zone opportunity in Kilbowie has an opportunity category as high due to a high demand of likely public heat demands, no major constraints within and various heat resources nearby. This Zone’s demands are all densely located aiding feasibility. Opportunity category: High – High density of publicly owned loads. Heat demand: 3.4 GWh/year within identified potential zone, with 1.5 GWh/year of the heat demand from the two anchor loads. Zone area: 11.5 hectares (29.5 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 2 Anchor loads: St Peter the Apostle High School (expansion may not be viable); St Eunan’s Early Learning & Childcare Centre LDP sites: Three LDP sites are located within 250m of the Zone, being Radnor Park Hotel Site = 28 residential units, Clydebank Health Centre LDP = 40 residential units and Braidfield HS LDP Site = 100 residential units. Heat sources: Two heat networks already exist within a close proximity to the zone, with a Natural Gas Boiler District Heat Network located 300m South and Gas Combined Heat and Power Heat Network 450m West. The Radnor Park Primary Substation to the West is also a potential heat resource and the substation is categorised as 'Red’ in regard to capacity. Fuel poverty: 98 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, which equates to 43% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 100 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (43%).
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Dumbarton Heat Network Zone Figure 0—9 Dumbarton Heat Network Zone Opportunity category: High – High count of demands with various typologies and public loads included within. Heat demand: 23.1 GWh/year within identified potential zone, with 10.2 GWh/year of the heat demand from the five identified anchor loads. Zone area: 66 hectares (35.1 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 5 Anchor loads: St James Retail Park; Morrisons Superstore; Dumbarton Football Stadium; Unit 23 Skatepark; Castle Street LDP Site LDP sites: Two LDP sites are located within the Zone, being Castlegreen Street = 110 resi units and Castle Street = 195 resi units. Another LDP site is within 250m of the zone, being Sandpoint Marina = 87 resi units. Heat sources: The River Clyde and Leven both flow adjacent to the Zone providing potential for river source Water Source Heat Pumps. The Morrisons Superstore is an NAEI emitter and central to the zone which aids delivery. A gas boiler network exists at the Energie Fitness Dumbarton Centre, with Dumbarton Primary Substation also a potential heat resource. Fuel poverty: 237 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, which equates to 29% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 93 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (11%). Constraints: The A814 Glasgow Road is a potential major constraint isolating the St James Retail Park from the other four Anchor Loads and limiting any expansion North.
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Alexandria Heat Network Zone Figure 0—10 Alexandria Heat Network Zone Opportunity category: High – High proportion of publicly owned anchor loads, with the District Hospital a potential waste heat opportunity utilising the current system and/or core for a new low carbon network. Heat demand: 8.8 GWh/year within identified potential zone, with 5.1 GWh/year of the heat demand from the four identified anchor loads. Zone area: 30 hectares (29.3 kWh/m2) Count of anchor loads (>500 MWh/year heat demand): 4 Anchor loads: Vale of Leven District Hospital; The Vale Centre GP Practice; Vale of Leven Swimming Pool; Lomond Galleries Shopping Centre. LDP sites: The Heather Avenue LDP Site is located within 250m of the zone and consists of 84 resi units. Heat sources: A Biomass Boiler is present within the Vale of Leven District Hospital with greenspace South in Christie Park potential for Ground Source Heat Pump boreholes. The zone is within an area of “Hot Sedimentary Aquifers”, which are potential good sources of geothermal energy. The Balloch Primary Substation is also a potential heat resource. Fuel poverty: 106 dwellings are estimated to be experiencing fuel poverty, which equates to 29% of domestic properties within the Zone, with 40 estimated to be experiencing extreme fuel poverty (11%). Constraints: No major constraints which impact heat network deployment are located within the Zone.
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Off gas grid Screening methodology The analysis uses the domestic Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset and the Scotland Heat Map 2019 “Geographic Boundaries” dataset to model off-gas grid properties within West Dunbartonshire to aid in generating initial Delivery Areas for low-regrets heat decarbonisation in off-gas grid areas. This approach focuses wholly on domestic properties. Off-gas grid properties are properties which are not connected to the main gas network and therefore utilise a different fuel to supply their heating. Off-gas grid domestic buildings are categorised into four principal categories for heat decarbonisation: • Category 0 - Already have a low carbon heating system (heat pumps or communal heating). • Category 1 - Immediate potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. well insulated properties with a wet heating system). • Category 2 - Secondary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. in need of moderate fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). • Category 3 - Tertiary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. properties in need of significant fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready) or those not suited to heat pump technology, with electric (storage or direct) or biomass likely to be the most viable decarbonisation technology. Categorisation of domestic off gas grid properties based on existing building fabric, heritage status and heating systems can be found in the Appendix. Ranking To enable the identification of the top five ranking low-regrets off-gas grid Data Zones for retrofit of low carbon heating within West Dunbartonshire, all Data Zones were ranked based upon aggregated counts of properties within each category and then weighted to generate an overall ranking. The indicator weightings used within the zone ranking are as follows: Table 0—2 Off Gas Grid DZ Indicator Weightings Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Weighting (%) 60% 35% 5% Category 1 has a higher weighting because these properties have an immediate potential for heat pump installation and decarbonisation, followed by Category 2 and Category 3 which have secondary and tertiary potential respectively. Category 0 properties however have not been given a weighting of as these are already classified as having a low carbon heating system (heat pumps or communal heating). Following these weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Lomond – 06 2. Singer and Clydebank South – 06 3. Drumry – 07 4. Bowling – 02
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5. Whitecrook - 03 The locations of these zones are presented below: Figure 0—11 Off Gas Grid Top 5 Ranking Zones Finalised Strategic Zones Unlike the Heat Networks Consideration, each Data Zone undergoes a second weighted ranking process encompassing additional indicators not specifically related to ‘Off Gas’ properties but relating to Fuel Poverty and the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) which impact West Dunbartonshire’s roll-out of retrofitting within the local authority. The additional indicator weightings used to define the final zone rankings are as follows: Table 0—3 Off Gas Grid Final Strategic Zone Indicator Weightings Off Gas Rank (above) Fuel Poverty Rank SIMD Rank Weighting (%) 66% 17% 17% Following these additional weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Singer and Clydebank South – 06 2. Drumry – 02 3. Leven – 01 4. Drumry – 07 5. Clydebank East – 03 The locations of these zones are presented below:
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Figure 0—12 Off Gas Grid Final Strategic Zone Table 0—4 Off Gas Strategic Zones summary table No. Off-gas grid Category 1 No. Off-gas grid Category 2 No. Off-gas grid Category 3 No. Fuel Poverty SIMD Decile Combined Ranking Singer and Clydebank South - 06 1 210 11 190 2 1 Drumry - 02 1 47 4 186 1 2 Leven – 01 3 11 42 186 2 3 Drumry – 07 1 90 15 119 1 4 Clydebank East - 03 1 16 7 156 3 5
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On gas grid Screening methodology The analysis uses the domestic Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset and the Scotland Heat Map 2019 “Geographic Boundaries” dataset to model on-gas grid properties within West Dunbartonshire to aid in generating initial Delivery Areas for low regrets heat decarbonisation in off-gas grid areas. This approach focuses wholly on the domestic sector. On-gas grid properties are properties which are connected to the main gas network and therefore utilise natural gas as the fuel to supply their heating. On-gas grid domestic buildings are categorised into four principal categories for heat decarbonisation: • Category 0 - Already have a low carbon heating system (communal heating). • Category 1 - Immediate potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. well insulated properties) • Category 2 - Secondary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. in need of moderate fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). • Category 3 - Tertiary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. properties in need of significant fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). Categorisation of domestic on-gas grid properties is based on existing building fabric and heritage statuses can be found in the Appendix. Ranking To enable the identification of the top five ranking low regrets on-gas grid Data Zones for retrofit of low carbon heating within West Dunbartonshire, all Data Zones were ranked based upon aggregated counts of properties within each category and then weighted to generate an overall ranking. The indicator weightings used within the zone ranking are as follows: Table 0—5 On Gas Grid DZ Indicator Weightings Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Weighting (%) 60% 35% 5% Category 1 has a higher weighting because these properties have an immediate potential for heat pump installation and decarbonisation, followed by Category 2 and Category 3 which have secondary and tertiary potential respectively. Category 0 properties however have not been given a weighting of as these are already classified as having a low carbon heating system (communal heating). Following these weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Bonhill – 02 2. Lomond – 02 3. Alexandria – 01 4. Dumbarton – 03 5. Dumbarton - 08 The locations of these zones are presented below:
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Figure 0—13 On Gas Grid Top 5 Ranking Zones Finalised Strategic Zones Similar to the Off-Gas Grid Consideration, each Data Zone has undergone a second weighted ranking process encompassing additional indicators not specifically related to ‘On Gas’ properties but relating to Fuel Poverty and the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) which impact West Dunbartonshire’s roll-out of retrofitting within the local authority. The additional indicator weightings used to define the final zone rankings are as follows: Table 0—6 On Gas Grid Final Strategic Zone Indicator Weightings On Gas Rank (above) Fuel Poverty Rank SIMD Rank Weighting (%) 66% 17% 17% Following these additional weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Lomond – 02 2. Alexandria – 01 3. Dumbarton – 05 4. Bonhill – 02 5. Dalreoch – 05 The locations of these zones are presented below:
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Figure 0—14 On Gas Grid Final Strategic Zone Table 0—7 On Gas Strategic Zones summary table No. OnGG Category 1 No. OnGG Category 2 No. OnGG Category 3 No. Fuel Poverty SIMD Decile Combined Ranking Lomond – 02 369 113 15 208 1 1 Alexandria – 01 295 98 240 224 2 2 Dumbarton – 05 323 72 289 289 3 3 Bonhill – 02 431 132 95 174 4 4 Dalreoch – 05 271 96 8 138 1 5 Poor building energy efficiency and poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty Screening methodology The analysis uses the Home Analytics (v3.8.1) solely to model domestic properties within West Dunbartonshire for two LHEES Considerations surrounding property’s building fabric and poor energy efficiency, these considerations are: • Poor Energy Efficiency: Identify possible locations where poor building energy efficiency exists across the local authority.
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• Poor Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty: Identify possible locations where poor building energy efficiency acts as a driver for fuel poverty and/or extreme fuel poverty. For reference, the Default Indicators for the “Poor Energy Efficiency” and “Poor Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty” LHEES Considerations are, with those selected listed: • Single Glazing (Not Selected) • Uninsulated Walls (Selected) • Loft Insulation <100 mm (Selected) • Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >10% of income after housing) (Selected) • Extreme Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >20% of income after housing) (Selected) The selected indicators align with WDC’s retrofit programme, whereby they have never included double glazing and focus on Enhanced Wall Insulation (EWI) (external) with loft insulation. Poor building energy efficiency is a recognised factor that can contribute to fuel poverty, thus the removal of poor energy efficiency measures will impact and contribute to Scotland’s statutory target of no households being in fuel poverty as far as reasonably possible by 2040. LHEES analysis identifies that West Dunbartonshire’s fuel poverty rates (2023) are as follows: • Fuel Poverty Rate = 29% • Extreme Fuel Poverty Rate = 12% Ranking To enable the identification of the top five ranking low regrets Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Data Zones for retrofit within West Dunbartonshire, all Data Zones were ranked based upon aggregated counts of properties within each category and then weighted to generate an overall ranking. The indicator weightings used within the zone ranking are as follows: Table 0—8 Poor Building Energy Efficiency DZ Indicator Weightings <100mm Loft Insulation Uninsulated Walls Combined Poor Energy Efficiency (left) Fuel Poverty SIMD Weighting (%) 50% 50% 50% 25% 25% For reference, the default weightings within the LHEES Practitioner Guidance for the Poor Building Energy Efficiency Consideration are, “Single Glazing = 33%”, “Uninsulated Walls = 33%” and “<100mm Loft Insulation”, however as follows to align with WDCs existing building energy efficiency retrofit schemes, ‘Single Glazing’ has been removed from the consideration. Following these weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Alexandria – 01 2. Leven – 01 3. Balloch – 01 4. Singer and Clydebank South – 02
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5. Dumbarton - 05 The locations of these zones are presented below: Figure 0—15 Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Top 5 Ranking Zones Finalised Strategic Zones Each Data Zone has undergone a second weighted ranking process encompassing additional indicators. These are as follows: • Poor Building EE and FP – The combined ranking as presented above. • Poor Building EE and EFP – A ranking generated from the same process as presented above however the Extreme Fuel poverty was ranked. • Category 3 Properties – Due to these properties being classified as requiring significant building fabric retrofit for heat pumps for both off and on gas considerations. • Heritage Buildings – A ranking based on low number of heritage buildings within (listed or within conservation areas) as planning implications make retrofitting these properties more difficult. The additional indicator weightings used to define the final zone rankings are as follows: Table 0—9 Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Final Strategic Zone Indicator Weightings Poor Building EE and FP (above) Poor Building EE and EFP Category 3 Properties Heritage Buildings Weighting (%) 30% 30% 20% 20%
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Following these additional weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were the following: 1. Singer and Clydebank South – 02 2. Drumry – 05 3. Alexandria – 01 4. Clydebank – 01 5. Balloch – 01 The locations of these zones are presented below: Figure 0—16 Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Final Strategic Zones Table 0—10 Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Final Strategic Zones summary table No. <100mm Loft Insulation No. Unin- sulated Walls No. Fuel Poverty No. Extreme Fuel Poverty SIMD Decile (of 10) No. Cat. 3 Prope rties No. Heritage Buildings Combined Ranking Singer and Clydebank South – 02 69 247 174 74 2 219 0 1 Drumry – 05 8 240 166 99 1 227 0 2 Alexandria – 01 103 325 224 66 2 244 5 3 Clydebank – 01 27 237 161 71 2 183 0 4
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Balloch – 01 112 355 153 65 2 332 6 5
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Mixed tenure and mixed use Screening methodology The analysis uses the Home Analytics (v3.8.1) dataset and the Non-Domestic Analytics (v1.1) datasets to model properties within West Dunbartonshire where there are buildings of mixed- tenure, mixed-use and historic buildings (covering Listed buildings and Conservation Areas). Currently, this is covered by four focus areas: • Mixed-tenure buildings • Mixed-use buildings • Listed buildings • Conservation areas For reference, Indicators for the mixed-tenure, mixed-use LHEES Consideration are: • Mixed-tenure Flag (Mixed-tenure) – Domestic only (due to no data for non-domestic) • Dwellings within buildings >1 (Mixed-use) – Domestic (a proxy used for domestic data for mixed-use is for where more then one unit is in the same building, e.g. a block of flats. • Mixed-use Flag (Mixed-use) – Non-Domestic (more then one typology present within building, e.g. residential and café. The analysis also focuses on properties located within Conservation Areas or those that have a Listed building status, for which the Indicators are: • Within a Conservation Area – Domestic and Non-Domestic • Listed buildings – Domestic only (due no data for non-domestic) Ranking To enable the identification of the top five Data Zones for integration and further interrogation within an LHEES Delivery Plan, all 121 Data Zones within West Dunbartonshire have been ranked based upon aggregated counts of properties within each indicators, with a weighting per indicator rank also applied to generate an overall ranking. The indicator weightings used within the zone ranking are as follows: Table 0—11 Mixed Tenure Mixed Use Indicator Weightings Domestic Mixed Use Domestic Mixed Tenure Domestic Listed Domestic Conservation Area Non-Dom Mixed Use Non-Dom Conservation Area Weighting (%) 10% 30% 20% 15% 10% 15% Following these weighted rankings, the top five ranking Data Zones were located in and are as follows: 1. Dumbarton – 05 2. Dalreoch – 01 3. Kilpatrick – 06 4. Dumbarton – 03 5. Dumbarton – 04
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The locations of these zones are presented in Figure 0—12. Figure 0—17 Mixed Tenure Mixed Use Top 5 Ranking Data Zones Table 0—12 Mixed Tenure and Mixed Use Strategic Zones summary table Domestic Mixed Use Domestic Mixed Tenure Domestic Listed Domestic Conserva tion Non-Dom Mixed Use Non-Dom Conserva tion Area Combine d Ranking Dumbarton – 05 784 503 30 312 67 177 1 Dalreoch – 01 412 264 20 277 13 11 2 Kilpatrick – 06 300 154 3 60 9 2 3 Dumbarton – 03 427 246 0 77 4 4 4 Dumbarton – 04 268 258 0 332 12 14 5
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Summary of Strategy and next steps The LHEES for West Dunbartonshire has identified a series of Strategic Zones within which action will be taken to deliver heat decarbonisation projects. The Strategic Zones selected provide high-level focus areas for further development. Theme Strategic Zone Notes Heat networks Clydebank Clydebank Developing the existing Queens Quay network into the wider Combined Heat Network Zone Littleholm Dalmuir Kilbowie Golden Jubilee Hospital Dumbarton New heat networks to deliver low carbon heat to homes and businesses in Dumbarton and Alexandria. Alexandria Heat pump installations and energy efficiency interventions On gas grid decarbonisation Lomond 02 Alexandria 01 Dumbarton 05 Bonhill 02 Dalreoch 05 Off gas grid Singer and Clydebank South 06 Drumry 02 Leven 01 Drumry 07 Clydebank East 03 Poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty Singer and Clydebank South 02 Drumry 05 Alexandria 01 Clydebank 01 Balloch 01 Innovative project delivery mechanisms Mixed tenure and mixed use buildings Dumbarton 05 This LHEES Consideration highlights Strategic Zones in which novel ways of delivering heat decarbonisation may need to be tested – for example funding heat pumps and retrofits to buildings with a mixture of public and private tenure, and domestic and non-domestic usage. Dalreoch 01 Kilpatrick 06 Dumbarton 03 Dumbarton 04 Heat networks The LHEES has identified a total of 7 Heat Network Strategic Zones, with a combined heat demand of 162.6 GWh/year. Delivering these heat networks could therefore deliver 19% of the total heat demand for West Dunbartonshire, exceeding the 8% target for heat networks set nationally in the Heat Networks (Scotland) Act. The Queens Quay network is already operational, and this Strategy identifies options for extension and interconnection with future heat networks in the southern part of the local authority. Some
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work has already been undertaken to assess the business case for extension, however this Strategy identifies other options that may need further consideration. Further expansion potential of the network may be possible at Exxon and Carless industrial sites and will be reviewed as the sites progress. For the new Heat Network Zones in Dumbarton and Alexandria, the first step will be to undertake preliminary feasibility studies to determine the potential financial viability of the schemes and to identify low carbon heat opportunities in the area. Heat pumps and energy efficiency Delivering heat decarbonisation across the fifteen Strategic Zones under the On-Gas, Off-Gas and Energy Efficiency LHEES Considerations will aim to bring buildings in West Dunbartonshire up to the thresholds set by Scottish Government’s Heat in Buildings Strategy. All buildings in West Dunbartonshire will need to meet the relevant national targets, however the Strategic Zones inform the Council’s activity and areas of focus and engagement as decarbonisation programmes are implemented. The Delivery Areas, to be detailed as part of the LHEES Delivery Plan, set out at a granular level the streets and buildings that will be part of the first five years of the LHEES in West Dunbartonshire. LHEES Delivery Plan Following adoption of the LHEES Strategy, the first LHEES Delivery Plan for West Dunbartonshire will be developed, put out to consultation, and published. This Delivery Plan will cover the first five-year period of LHEES action in West Dunbartonshire. This will focus on projects at a more granular scale, Delivery Area, which includes smaller clusters of buildings and individual streets. Stakeholder engagement is a key theme through LHEES, and as part of the Delivery Plan a Monitoring and Evaluation Plan will be developed. This will set out how West Dunbartonshire Council will approach engagement with stakeholder groups – both those already consulted in developing the LHEES, and new stakeholders such as the Community Councils. This may also include more targeted awareness and engagement campaigns in the prioritised Strategic Zones and Delivery Areas. Through this engagement potential delivery mechanisms will be developed further: cross- authority collaboration; joint ventures; and commercialisation. The other key theme tackled in the Delivery Plan is the near-term actions and opportunities to be set out for each of the Delivery Areas. This includes ensuring that LHEES actions align with, and complement, existing plans, programmes and activity around heat decarbonisation and energy efficiency in the local authority, and can draw on existing funding programmes and schemes. Challenges for Delivery The delivery of heat network zones and energy efficiency retrofit across the entire local authority area is a vast undertaking and there are many challenges that West Dunbartonshire Council and our businesses and communities will have to address: • Funding gap – financing large scale infrastructure and energy efficiency interventions is expected to have colossal costs. Funding from Scottish Government and other public funding sources needs to be maximised, private sector funding needs to be leveraged in, and support is required for local businesses and communities to ensure they access available funding streams;
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• Viability – heat networks require electricity for operation, irrespective of the renewable heat source, and many potential developments will only be viable if electricity can be supplied directly from a renewable source; • Retrofit – progress is being made in the retrofit of energy efficiency measures, however a more holistic ‘whole home’ approach is needed to maximise available funding and ensure a no regrets delivery; • Skills gap – both within the Council and across the market there is a significant gap in skills and knowledge. We need to consider training for staff internally to ensure concerns about renewable technologies and procedures for retrofit heat and energy efficiency measures are addressed. There is a significant lack of skilled workforce within the green jobs sector and this requires our influence to boost education and training in green industries within the local authority area; • Behaviour change – heat decarbonisation and energy efficiency retrofit can change the way that homes and buildings operate to ensure efficiency. Public acceptance of new technologies and behaviour change towards heating controls and operating systems will need a clear focus; and • Just transition – when making evidence based decisions on the delivery of LHEES, there needs to be an assurance that we do not adversely affect our communities and businesses; the cost to achieve net zero should not burden those least able to pay.
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Appendix Heat Networks Indicators Theme: Value: Additional notes: Strategic Zoning and Pathways Linear Heat Density (LHD) 8,000 kWh/yr/m Benchmarks of 4,000 are typically used for very rural local authorities i.e. Highlands, and 16,000 for dense urban areas i.e. Glasgow, with 8,000 for local authorities with a mix of urban and rural geographies. Anchor Load Heat Demand Threshold 500 MWh/yr Heating demands from Scotland Heat Map 2019 Anchor Load Threshold per Potential Zone 2 or more Maximum Zone Radius 250 m Maximum connection buffer after LHD analysis set to 250m, due to large heat demand data points within the Scotland Heat Map creating LHDs of 10s of kilometres which is technically unfeasible. Opportunity Category Either High, Medium or Low Manual assessment of initial viability of each zone, based upon heat demand, typology and ownership of loads and constraints. Fuel Poverty Household fuel bill >10% of income after housing Extreme Fuel Poverty Household fuel bill >20% of income after housing Zone Opportunity Category Rank 60% Weight Used to rank and prioritise Strategic Zones for Delivery Area analysis (top 5 ranking taken forward to DLA analysis) A ranking of 1 was applied to each Zone with e.g. the highest heat demand, and 12 the lowest (due to 12 zones). Zone Anchor Load Count Rank 10% Weight Zone Heat Demand Rank 10% Weight Zone Fuel Poverty Count Rank 20% Weight Finalisation of Delivery Areas Heat Demand Category Low: 73 – 250 MWh/yr Medium: 250 – 500 MWh/yr = High: >500 MWh/yr = Heat demands from Scotland Heat Map 2019 Within BEIS 2nd National Comprehensive Assessment (NCA) threshold value of 73 MWh/year is considered the minimum for heat network connection 250-500 MWh/year is the middle threshold between the NCA and LHEES anchor load benchmarks 500 MWh/year is the LHEES threshold for anchor loads Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021 - national target of heat network supplied heat 2.6 TWh by 2027 6 TWh by 2030 Indicative heat network Linear Heat Density (LHD) viability threshold 4 MWh/year/m
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Off Gas Grid Indicators Theme: Value: Additional notes: Strategic Zoning and Pathways Off- gas grid properties Off Gas = Yes Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Off-gas grid Category 0 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Heating System = Heat pump or communal Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 0 - Already have a low carbon heating system (heat pumps or communal heating). Off-gas grid Category 1 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 0 = No 3. Listed = No 4. Conservation = No 5. Insulated Wall = Yes 6. Glazing = Double or Triple 7. Loft Insulation = No Loft or 99 mm+ 8. Heating Fuel = Biomass, Solid, LPG or Oil Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 1 - Immediate potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. well insulated properties with a wet heating system). Off-gas grid Category 2 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 0, 1 = No 3. Uninsulated Wall and type solid brick or stone, system built or timber = No 4. Risk to narrow hard to insulate cavity = No Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 2 - Secondary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. in need of moderate fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). Off-gas grid Category 2 Weighting 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 2 = Yes 3. Glazing = Double or Triple = +20% 4. Insulated Wall = Yes = +20% 5. Loft Insulation = No Loft or 99 mm+ = +20% 6. Tenure = Housing Association or Local Authority = +20% 7. Heating Fuel = Oil or LPG = +20% Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Off-gas grid Category 3 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 0, 1, 2 = No Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 3 - Tertiary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. properties in need of significant fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready) or those not suited to heat pump technology, with electric (storage or direct) or biomass likely to be the most viable decarbonisation technology. Off-gas grid Category 3 Heat pump 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 3 = Yes 3. Heating Fuel = LPG or Oil Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Off-gas grid Category 3 Biomass or Electric 1. Off Gas = Yes 2. Category 3 = Yes 3. Heating Fuel <> LPG or Oil 4. Fuel = Electric = Electric 100% (ignore rest) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category equals highest percentage weighting after exercise
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Theme: Value: Additional notes: 5. Fuel = Biomass or Solid = Biomass 100% (ignore rest) 6. Property Type = Detached = Biomass +20% 7. Property Type = Semi Detached = Biomass +15% 8. Wall = Solid brick or stone = Biomass +15% 9. Property Type = Flats = Electric +20% 10. Urban Classification = Electric +10% 11. Insulated Walls = Yes = Electric +10% 12. Glazing = Double or Triple = +20% Prioritisation Value 2+ Standard Deviations Used to identify 100m x 100m areas of high counts of the selected indicator. Category 0 DZ Rank 0% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones. A ranking of 1 was applied to each Strategic Zone with e.g. the highest count of Off-gas grid Category 1 properties, and inverted for the lowest. Combined weighting is DZ Off-gas grid Rank Category 1 DZ Rank 65% Weight Category 2 DZ Rank 30% Weight Category 3 DZ Rank 5% Weight Generation of Initial Delivery Areas Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Decile of 1 falls within the most deprived 10% of DZs nationally. While a decile of 10 means the DZ falls within the least deprived 10% of DZs nationally. Fuel Poverty Indicator Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >10% of income after housing) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Off-gas grid DZ Rank 66% Weight Used to rank and prioritise Strategic Zones. Top 5 ranking taken forward to Delivery Level Area Analysis. SIMD DZ Rank 17% Weight Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 17% Weight Building level pathway assessment Public property EPC targets EPC B (SAP Score >= 81) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy and Energy Efficiency Standard for Social Housing (EESSH) target of EPC band B for social housing by December 2032. Private property EPC targets EPC C (SAP Score >= 69) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy of new regulations for private rented properties to achieve EPC C or above by 2028 Category 0 Exclude Portfolio Energy Analysis Tool (PEAT) Key Details Per property budget = Unlimited SAP Score = As above Target Heat Demand = N/A Target CO2 = N/A
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Theme: Value: Additional notes: Costing Template = Standard EST costs 08/2023 PEAT Measures Automatic Radiators and distribution system Underfloor Heating Storage heater distribution (No distribution system) Warm air distribution Modern storage heating controls Time and temperature zone control for radiator systems Time and temperature zone control for underfloor heating New hot water cylinder Solar hot water system Hot water from combi Electric immersion Hot water cylinder with electric immersion back-up Dual electric immersion PEAT Measures Selected Replace all low energy light bulbs Draught proofed windows Draught proofed external doors Loft insulation Cavity wall insulation Hard to treat cavity wall insulation Hard to treat cavity wall insulation - bead Loft insulation top-up Insulation for flat roofing Room in roof walls and sloping parts, 100mm insulation Internal wall insulation External wall insulation New insulated uPVC external doors A-rated glazing (uPVC) A-rated glazing (uPVC) for roof Solid floor insulation Suspended wooden floor insulation Air source heat pump Ground source heat pump Thermostatic radiator valves Thermostatic radiator valves, for use linked community system Thermostatic radiator valves, for flat rate community system Additional thermostatic controls, warm air systems Hot water cylinder insulation Hot water cylinder insulation and new hot water controls (cylinder stat and water heater timer) New hot water controls (cylinder stat and water heater timer) Insulating jacket, new hot water controls (cylinder stat and water heater timer) and pipework insulation Additional insulating jacket for existing foam insulated tank Additional insulating jacket for existing foam insulated tank and new hot water controls (cylinder stat and water heater timer) 2.5kW Solar panels (photovoltaic cells) PEAT Measures Excluded Replace last 10 percent with CFL Replace last 20 percent with CFL Replace last 30 percent with CFL Replace last 40 percent with CFL Replace 50 percent with CFL Replace 40 percent with CFL Replace 30 percent with CFL
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Theme: Value: Additional notes: Replace 20 percent with CFL Replace 10 percent with CFL Mains gas combi-condensing boiler Mains gas condensing boiler Oil combi-condensing boiler Oil condensing boiler Oil combi-condensing boiler (plus oil storage tank) Oil condensing boiler (plus oil storage tank) LPG combi condensing boiler LPG condensing boiler Biomass boiler (wood pellets) Pellet stove with back boiler, with DHW Modern storage heaters Mains gas condensing warm air system LPG condensing warm air system Secondary heating log stove 5.5kW mast mounted wind turbine Flat – Manual External Wall Insulation Manual EWI = (No. individual UPRNs within Parent UPRN) - PEAT EWI (for that parent UPRN) Flat – Communal Heating 1 per Parent UPRN Individual heat pump systems are not assigned to properties with a ‘flat’ tenure in PEAT. Categorisation Category 0 1 Heat pump or communal heating system Already defined as low and zero emissions Category 1 1 Not Category 0 Avoids double counting 2 Not listed property Additional considerations for planning 3 Not in a conservation area Additional considerations for planning 4 Insulated walls Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps 5 Double or triple glazing Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps 6 Loft if present has 99 mm+ insulation Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps 7 Wet system (biomass, solid, LPG or oil) Significantly ease transition to heat pumps Category 2 1 Not Category 0 or 1 Avoids double counting 2 Not uninsulated solid brick or stone, system built or timber frame Insulation is beyond a moderate upgrade 3 No risk of narrow hard-to-insulate cavity Require more than a moderate upgrade to bring up to the required thermal efficiency Category 3 1 Not Category 0, 1 or 2 Avoids double counting properties
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On gas grid Indicators Theme: Value: Additional notes: Strategic Zoning and Pathways On-gas grid properties Off Gas = No Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset On-gas grid Category 0 1. Off Gas = No 2. Heating System = Communal Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 0 - Already have a low or zero emissions heating system, properties that defined as on-gas and are connected to a heat network. On-gas grid Category 1 1. Off Gas = No 2. Category 0 = No 3. Listed = No 4. Conservation = No 5. Insulated Wall = Yes 6. Glazing = Double or Triple 7. Loft Insulation = No Loft or 99 mm+ Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 1 - Considered to be highly suited to a heat pump solution minimal fabric upgrade required prior to heat pump installation and they have a wet heating system. On-gas grid Category 2 1. Off Gas = No 2. Category 0, 1 = No 3. Uninsulated Wall and type solid brick or stone, system built or timber = No 4. Risk to narrow hard to insulate cavity = No Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 2 - Secondary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. in need of moderate fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). On-gas grid Category 2 Weighting 1. Off Gas = No 2. Category 2 = Yes 3. Glazing = Double or Triple = +25% 4. Insulated Wall = Yes = +25% 5. Loft Insulation = No Loft or 99 mm+ = +25% 6. Tenure = Housing Association or Local Authority = +25% Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset On-gas grid Category 3 1. Off Gas = No 2. Category 0, 1, 2 = No Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Category 3 - Tertiary potential for heat pump retrofit (i.e. properties in need of significant fabric / heat distribution system upgrade to be heat pump ready). Prioritisation Value 2+ Standard Deviations Used to identify 100m x 100m areas of high counts of the selected indicator. Category 0 DZ Rank 0% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones. A ranking of 1 was applied to each Strategic Zone with e.g. the highest count of OnGG Category 1 properties, and inverted for the lowest. Combined weighting is DZ OnGG Rank Category 1 DZ Rank 60% Weight Category 2 DZ Rank 35% Weight Category 3 DZ Rank 5% Weight
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Theme: Value: Additional notes: Generation of Initial Delivery Areas Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Decile of 1 falls within the most deprived 10% of DZs nationally. While a decile of 10 means the DZ falls within the least deprived 10% of DZs nationally. Fuel Poverty Indicator Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >10% of income after housing) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset OnGG DZ Rank 66% Weight Used to rank and prioritise Strategic Zones. Top 5 ranking taken forward to Delivery Level Area Analysis. SIMD DZ Rank 17% Weight Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 17% Weight Building Level Pathway Assessment Public property EPC targets EPC B (SAP Score >= 81) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy and Energy Efficiency Standard for Social Housing (EESSH) target of EPC band B for social housing by December 2032. Private property EPC targets EPC C (SAP Score >= 69) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy of new regulations for private rented properties to achieve EPC C or above by 2028 Category 0 Exclude Portfolio Energy Analysis Tool (PEAT) Key Details Per property budget = Unlimited SAP Score = As above Target Heat Demand = N/A Target CO2 = N/A Costing Template = Standard EST costs 08/2023 PEAT Measures Automatic Same as per Off-gas grid PEAT Measures Selected Same as per Off-gas grid PEAT Measures Excluded Same as per Off-gas grid Flat – Manual External Wall Insulation Manual EWI = (No. individual UPRNs within Parent UPRN) - PEAT EWI (for that parent UPRN) Flat – Communal Heating 1 per Parent UPRN Individual heat pump systems are not assigned to properties with a ‘flat’ tenure in PEAT. Categorisation Category 0 1 Communal heating system Already defined as low and zero emissions Category 1 1 Not Category 0 Avoids double counting
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2 Not listed property Additional considerations for planning 3 Not in a conservation area Additional considerations for planning 4 Insulated walls Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps 5 Double or triple glazing Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps 6 Loft if present has 99 mm+ insulation Thermal efficiencies needed for heat pumps Category 2 1 Not Category 0 or 1 Avoids double counting 2 Not uninsulated solid brick or stone, system built or timber frame Insulation is beyond a moderate upgrade 3 No risk of narrow hard-to-insulate cavity Require more than a moderate upgrade to bring up to the required thermal efficiency Category 3 1 Not Category 0, 1 or 2 Avoids double counting properties
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Poor building energy efficiency Theme: Value: Additional notes: Strategic Zoning and Pathways Poor Building Energy Efficiency Indicator Uninsulated Walls Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Poor Building Energy Efficiency Indicator Loft Insulation <100 mm (with Room in Roof (RIR)) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Prioritisation Value 2+ Standard Deviations Used to identify 100m x 100m areas of high counts of the selected indicator. Poor Building Energy Efficiency Probability Probability Weighting = Loft Insulation (RIR) (50%), Uninsulated Walls (50%) Strategic Zoning and Pathways – DZ Ranking <100mm Loft Insulation with RIR DZ Rank 50% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones. A ranking of 1 was applied to each Strategic Zone with e.g. the highest count of Uninsulated Walled properties, and inverted for the lowest. Combined weighting is DZ Poor Building Energy Efficiency Rank Uninsulated Wall DZ Rank 50% Weight
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Poor building energy efficiency as a driver of fuel poverty Theme: Value: Additional notes: West Dunbartonshire’s fuel poverty rates (2023) Fuel Poverty Rate = 29% Extreme Fuel Poverty Rate = 12% Fuel Poverty Indicator Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >10% of income after housing) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Extreme Fuel Poverty Indicator Extreme Fuel Poverty Probability (fuel bill >20% of income after housing) Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Decile of 1 falls within the most deprived 10% of DZs nationally. While a decile of 10 means the DZ falls within the least deprived 10% of DZs nationally. Prioritisation Value 2+ Standard Deviations Used to identify 100m x 100m areas of high counts of the selected indicator. Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Probability Probability Weighting = Loft Insulation (RIR) (25%), Uninsulated Walls (25%), Fuel Poverty Probability (50%) Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Extreme Fuel Poverty Probability Probability Weighting = Loft Insulation (RIR) (25%), Uninsulated Walls (25%), Extreme Fuel Poverty Probability (50%) Combined Poor Building Energy Efficiency DZ Rank 50% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones Combined weighting is DZ Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty Rank Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 25% Weight SIMD DZ Rank 25% Weight Combined Poor Building Energy Efficiency DZ Rank 50% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones Combined weighting is DZ Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Extreme Fuel Poverty Rank Extreme Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 25% Weight SIMD DZ Rank 25% Weight Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 30% Weight Used to rank and prioritise Strategic Zones. Top 5 ranking taken forward to Delivery Level Area Analysis. Poor Building Energy Efficiency as a Driver for Extreme Fuel Poverty DZ Rank 30% Weight
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Theme: Value: Additional notes: Off-gas grid Category 3 DZ Rank 10% Weight OnGG Category 3 DZ Rank 10% Weight Domestic Listed DZ Rank (Inverted Rank) 10% Weight (inverted rank to identify areas with low counts) Domestic Conservation Area DZ Rank (Inverted Rank) 10% Weight (inverted rank to identify areas with low counts) Public property EPC targets EPC B (SAP Score >= 81) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy and Energy Efficiency Standard for Social Housing (EESSH) target of EPC band B for social housing by December 2032. Private property EPC targets EPC C (SAP Score >= 69) Based upon the Scottish 2021 Heat in Buildings Strategy of new regulations for private rented properties to achieve EPC C or above by 2028 Fuel Poverty Not in Fuel Poverty = Exclude Energy efficiency is not a driver of fuel poverty In Fuel Poverty and achieve EPC target = Exclude Portfolio Energy Analysis Tool (PEAT) Key Details Per property budget = Unlimited SAP Score = As above Target Heat Demand = N/A Target CO2 = N/A Costing Template = Standard EST costs 08/2023 PEAT Measures Automatic Same as per Off-gas grid PEAT Measures Selected Same as per Off-gas grid However following removed: Air source heat pump Ground source heat pump PEAT Measures Excluded Same as per Off-gas grid However following added: Air source heat pump Ground source heat pump Flat – Manual External Wall Insulation Manual EWI = (No. individual UPRNs within Parent UPRN) - PEAT EWI (for that parent UPRN)
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Mixed-tenure, mixed-use and buildings in Conservation Areas Theme: Value: Section: Additional notes: Strategic Zoning and Pathways Domestic Mixed-Tenure Indicator Mixed Tenure = Yes Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Domestic Mixed-Use Indicator Dwellings within buildings >1 = Yes Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Domestic Listed Property Indicator Listed = A, B, C Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Domestic Conservation Area Indicator Conservation Area = Yes Home Analytics (v 3.8.1) dataset Non-Domestic Conservation Area Indicator Conservation Area = Yes Non-Domestic Analytics (v 1.1) dataset Non-Domestic Mixed-Use Indicator 1. Dwellings within buildings >1 = Yes 2. Typologies = >1 Non-Domestic Analytics (v 1.1) dataset Prioritisation Value 2+ Standard Deviations Used to identify 100m x 100m areas of high counts of the selected indicator. Strategic Zoning and Pathways – DZ Ranking Domestic Mixed Use DZ Rank 10% Weight Used to rank Strategic Zones Combined weighting is DZ Mixed-Tenure, Mixed-Use and Historic Buildings Rank. Domestic Mixed Tenure DZ Rank 30% Weight Domestic Listed DZ Rank 20% Weight Domestic Conservation Area DZ Rank 15% Weight Non-Domestic Mixed- Use DZ Rank 10% Weight Non-Domestic Conservation Area DZ Rank 15% Weight
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