Renfrewshire’s Local Air Quality Management Update - 2025 Air Quality Annual Progress Report - FULL REPORT
Renfrewshire Council · 5 November 2025
Back to Infrastructure, Land and Environment Policy Board — 5 November 2025 and its agenda
Text extracted from the council's PDF. Layout and reading order may differ from the original.
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PUBLIC ___________________________________________________________________ To: Infrastructure, Land and Environment Policy Board On: 5 November 2025 ___________________________________________________________________ Report by: Director of Environment, Housing and Infrastructure ___________________________________________________________________ Heading: Renfrewshire’s Local Air Quality Management Update – 2025 Air Quality Annual Progress Report ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Summary 1.1 This report provides an update in relation to air quality within Renfrewshire and details the findings of the Council’s most recent Local Air Quality Management report, Renfrewshire’s 2025 Annual Progress Report. 1.2 The 2025 Annual Progress Report reviewed air quality monitoring data from 2024. There were no exceedances of any air quality objectives identified within Renfrewshire during 2024 with concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) continuing to show a downward trend. 1.3 The last exceedance of any air quality objective within Renfrewshire was in 2019. There has therefore now been six consecutive years of compliance with statutory objective levels throughout all of Renfrewshire. This confirms the council’s decision in March 2025 to revoke all three previous Air Quality Management Areas which were located in Paisley, Johnstone and Renfrew. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. Recommendations It is recommended that the Infrastructure, Land and Environment Policy Board: 2.1 Notes the outcome of Renfrewshire’s 2025 Air Quality Annual Progress Report and that there were no exceedances of any quality objectives identified within Renfrewshire during 2024.
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PUBLIC 3. Background 3.1 Air quality is directly related to a number of key Scottish Government National Outcomes and policy priorities, notably those focussed on the environment, sustainable places, environmental impact and healthier lives. 3.2 Renfrewshire has seen improving levels of monitored pollutants over many years now, with the last exceedance of any objective being experienced in 2019. With six years of compliance with air quality objectives and the continuing downward trend in pollutant concentrations, the three Air Quality Management Areas (Paisley, Johnstone and Renfrew) were revoked at the Infrastructure, Land and Environment Policy Board on the 19th March 2025. 3.3 Notwithstanding this, the Council, in accordance with the Local Air Quality Management statutory process introduced by the Environment Act 1995, is required to undertake a regular review and assessment of air quality within its area and submit their findings by means of an Annual Progress Report to the Scottish Government by the end of June each year for approval. The 2025 Annual Progress Report has now been submitted to, and approved by, the Scottish Government and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency. 3.4 This Annual Progress Report provides an overview of air quality within Renfrewshire during 2024. It includes a review of 2024 pollutant monitoring data and atmospheric emissions sources within Renfrewshire and compares the available data to national air quality standards. 3.5 The main pollutants of concern within Renfrewshire have historically been NO2 and PM. These pollutants are monitored throughout Renfrewshire via automatic monitoring sites and NO2 diffusion tube sites. 3.6 In 2024 the Council operated three automatic monitoring sites (Cockels Loan, Renfrew, Inchinnan Road, Renfrew and High St, Johnstone) which measured NO2 or PM concentrations. Concentrations recorded at all automatic monitoring sites were below the annual mean and short-term objective levels for both pollutants. 3.7 Monitoring of NO2 was also undertaken via a network of forty-one NO2 diffusion tube sites throughout Renfrewshire with no exceedances recorded at any of these sites. A largely downward trend in concentrations continues to be observed across the Council’s 2024 monitoring data, with only two NO2 diffusion tube sites experiencing an increase in annual mean NO2 concentration from 2023 to 2024, with the remaining experiencing a decrease. Broadly, over the past five years, the majority of the diffusion tube monitoring sites have shown a decrease in NO2 concentrations.
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PUBLIC Next Steps 3.8 Having revoked the Air Quality Management Areas, the Council will ensure that air quality retains a high public profile, with measures remaining in place to continue to improve air quality in the area, preventing any future deterioration towards exceedances of the air quality objectives. It is therefore the intention of the Council to develop a Renfrewshire Council local air quality strategy. This demonstrates the council’s commitment to improving the air quality within the council area further, thereby positively impacting on the health and quality of life of residents, workers and visitors to the area. The draft Renfrewshire Council Air Quality Strategy will be brought to a future Board for consideration and monitoring of air quality within the Renfrewshire area will continue. ___________________________________________________________________ Implications of the Report 1. Financial – none 2. HR & Organisational Development - none 3. Community/Council Planning – • Our Renfrewshire is well - by reviewing and assessing air quality throughout Renfrewshire and producing our annual Local Air Quality Management report we aim to improve air quality and provide a clean and safe environment for all of Renfrewshire’s residents, workers and visitors. • Creating a sustainable Renfrewshire for all to enjoy - improving air quality will have a beneficial impact on Renfrewshire’s natural environment. 4. Legal - none 5. Property/Assets - none 6. Information Technology - none 7. Equality & Human Rights - The Recommendations contained within this report have been assessed in relation to their impact on equalities and human rights. No negative impacts on equality groups or potential for infringement of individuals’ human rights have been identified arising from the recommendations contained in the report. 8. Health & Safety - none 9. Procurement - none 10. Risk - none 11. Privacy Impact - none
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PUBLIC 12. Climate Risk - The interactions between air pollution and climate change are complex which is recognised within the Scottish Government’s 2015 air quality strategy Cleaner Air for Scotland – The Road to a Healthier Future (CAFS). An action measure within this government strategy recommends all Scottish local authorities which have or are currently developing a Sustainable Energy Action Plan to ensure that air quality considerations are also covered. 13. Children’s Rights - none 14. COSLA Policy Position – none ___________________________________________________________________ List of Background Papers a) Background Paper 1 - 2025 Air Quality Annual Progress Report for Renfrewshire Council The foregoing background papers will be retained within Environment, Housing and Infrastructure for inspection by the public for the prescribed period of four years from the date of the meeting. The contact officer within the service is Colin Hunter, Environmental Health & Community Safety Manager, Tel: 07768831482, Email: colin.hunter@renfrewshire.gov.uk ___________________________________________________________________ Author: Colin Hunter, Environmental Health & Community Safety Manager Email: colin.hunter@renfrewshire.gov.uk
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Renfrewshire Council PUBLIC Annual Progress Report (APR)
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Renfrewshire Council PUBLIC 2025 Air Quality Annual Progress Report (APR) for Renfrewshire Council In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, as amended by the Environment Act 2021 Local Air Quality Management June 2025
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Renfrewshire Council PUBLIC Information Renfrewshire Council Details Local Authority Officer Karen McIndoe Department Environment, Housing and Infrastructure Address Renfrewshire Council Renfrewshire House Cotton Street Paisley PA1 1BR Telephone 0300 300 0380 E-mail e-prot.es@renfrewshire.gov.uk Report Reference Number RenAPR2025 Date June 2025
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 i PUBLIC Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Renfrewshire Council The three Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) within Renfrewshire Council were revoked in March 2025. Since the implementation of the 2019 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), which was updated in April 2024, there has been a steady improvement of air quality across the Council area. As such there have been no exceedances of any air quality objectives since 2019. The Council is currently working on the Local Air Quality Strategy, incorporating the measures contained within the 2024 AQAP update, to replace the AQAP. Monitoring within the AQMA areas will continue following the revocation. Renfrewshire Council monitor NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 at a number of locations. Automatic (continuous) monitoring was undertaken at three locations during 2024 – REN1 (Renfrew, Cockels Loan), REN02 (Renfrewshire, Johnstone) and REN03 (Renfrew, Inchinnan Road). REN1 and REN03 monitor NO2 while REN02 monitors PM10 and PM2.5. The monitored concentrations of NO2 show a large decrease compared to the previous year following bias adjustment and application of distance correction. There were no exceedances of the relevant air quality objectives (AQOs) reported during 2024. The bias adjustment factor used this year (1.27) was slightly lower than the previous year (1.31), but higher than the subsequent three years, which provides some confidence that actions from Renfrewshire Council’s latest AQAP are having beneficial impacts to air quality. Concentrations of the annual mean and relevant short-term objectives for PM10 and PM2.5 recorded at all automatic monitoring sites during 2024 were also below AQO levels. There was a total of 59 diffusion tube monitoring sites across Renfrewshire in 2024, however, monitoring stopped at 18 monitoring locations in March 2024, reducing the reported annual mean concentrations to 41 diffusion tube monitoring sites. Actions to Improve Air Quality Throughout 2024, several measures detailed within the 2024 AQAP have been progressed to improve air quality throughout Renfrewshire, all measures and their progress are discussed in Section 2.2 Implementation of Air Quality Action Plan(s) and/or measures to address air quality.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 ii PUBLIC In 2024, the Council developed and published a Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES) and Delivery Plan (LHEEDP). The strategy sets out a long-term approach to improve domestic, non-domestic and public buildings’ energy efficiency and change to climate friendly heating. The delivery plan sets out how the LHEES will be delivered over a 5-year period from 2024 to 2029. More information is available at: Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy and Delivery Plan - Renfrewshire Website The Council are currently preparing a new local development plan (LDP) that will set out the Council's strategy and policy for the use of buildings to 2038. The current stage is evidence-gathering, and the council are scheduled to submit the LDP Evidence Report to full Council Board in June 2025, after which it will be submitted to the Scottish Government for review. The LDP will include areas of evidence concerning environmental matters such as noise, air quality and contaminated land. The purpose of this is to ensure these matters are considered at the outset to ensure the LDP avoids placing development in areas that would be impacted by, or contribute to, noise or air quality problems. The Council have ongoing Climate Change projects of which some also improve air quality. More information can be found here: Climate Change Action Fund - Renfrewshire Website Local Priorities and Challenges Renfrewshire Council’s key priority following the publication of the 2025 APR is the development and publication of the Air Quality Strategy. Renfrewshire Council has no comment on challenges faced as air quality in the area has been steadily improving over the years. How to Get Involved The general public can find further information about air quality within Renfrewshire on the Renfrewshire Council website available at: Air quality in Renfrewshire - Renfrewshire Website
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 iii PUBLIC Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ................................................................... i Air Quality in Renfrewshire Council .............................................................................................. i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...................................................................................................... i Local Priorities and Challenges ................................................................................................... ii How to Get Involved .................................................................................................................... ii 1 Local Air Quality Management ................................................................................... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ................................................................................... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ........................................................................................ 2 2.2 Implementation of Air Quality Action Plan(s) and/or measures to address air quality ............. 3 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives .......... 14 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken .................................................................................... 14 Automatic Monitoring Sites ........................................................................................................ 14 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ................................................................................................ 14 Other Monitoring Activities ......................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ................................................................................................................ 22 3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ............................................................................................................... 23 3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) .................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.5 Carbon Monoxide, Lead and 1,3-Butadiene ................................................................................... 23 4 New Local Developments ......................................................................................... 24 4.1 Road Traffic Sources ........................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Other Transport Sources ..................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Industrial Sources ................................................................................................................ 25 4.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources ..................................................................................... 26 4.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources .................................................. 26 5 Planning Applications ............................................................................................... 27 6 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ........................................................................ 28 6.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ............................................................................... 28
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 iv PUBLIC 6.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments ............................................................... 28 6.3 Proposed Actions ................................................................................................................ 29 Appendix A: Monitoring Results .................................................................................... 30 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2024 ......................................... 60 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ........................................................................................................................................... 68 New or Changed Sources Identified Within Renfrewshire Council During 2024 ......................... 68 Additional Air Quality Works Undertaken by Renfrewshire Council During 2024........................ 68 QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring ......................................................................................... 68 Diffusion Tube Annualisation ................................................................................................................... 69 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors ................................................................................................. 69 NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road ................................................................................................ 70 QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring ................................................................................................ 71 PM10 and PM2.5 Monitoring Adjustment ................................................................................................... 71 Automatic Monitoring Annualisation ........................................................................................................ 71 NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road ................................................................................................ 71 Glossary of Terms ........................................................................................................... 73 References ....................................................................................................................... 75
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 v PUBLIC List of Tables Table 1.1 – Summary of Air Quality Objectives in Scotland ................................................. 1 Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas in 2024 ............................................. 2 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality................................................... 6 Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites ............................................................. 30 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ..................................................... 31 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Automatic Monitoring (µg/m3) ............ 39 Table A.4 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Non-Automatic Monitoring (µg/m3) .... 40 Table A.5 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results, Number of 1-Hour Means > 200 µg/m3 ........................................................................................................................................... 54 Table A.6 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results (µg/m3) .............................................. 55 Table A.7 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results, Number of PM10 24-Hour Means > 50 µg/m3 ......................................................................................................................... 57 Table A.8 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results (µg/m3) ............................................. 58 Table B.1 – NO2 2024 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results (µg/m3) ......................................... 60 Table C.1 – Bias Adjustment Factor .................................................................................. 70 Table C.2 – Diffusion Tube Annualisation Summary (concentrations presented in µg/m3) 72 Table C.3 – Local Bias Adjustment Calculations ............................................................... 72 Table C.4 – NO2 Fall off With Distance Calculations (concentrations presented in µg/m3) ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Figures Figure 1. Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites ..................................................................... 16 Figure 2. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Renfrew ........................................... 17 Figure 3. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Paisley ............................................. 18 Figure 4. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Kilbarchan and Johnstone ............... 19 Figure 5. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Lochwinnoch .................................... 20
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 vi PUBLIC Figure 6. Annual Mean NO₂ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites ...................... 47 Figure 7. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Urban Centre, Urban Background, Kerbside) ............................................................................... 48 Figure 8. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 1) ....................................................................................................................................... 49 Figure 9. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 2) ....................................................................................................................................... 50 Figure 10. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 3) ....................................................................................................................................... 51 Figure 11. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 4) ....................................................................................................................................... 52 Figure 12. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 5) ....................................................................................................................................... 53 Figure 13. Annual Mean PM₁₀ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites ................... 56 Figure 14. Annual Mean PM₂.₅ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites .................. 59
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 1 PUBLIC 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Renfrewshire Council during 2024. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), as amended by the Environment Act (2021), and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Progress Report (APR) summarises the work being undertaken by Renfrewshire Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made. Table 1.1 – Summary of Air Quality Objectives in Scotland Pollutant Air Quality Objective Concentration Air Quality Objective Measured as Date to be Achieved by Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 Particulate Matter (PM10) 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 7 times a year 24-hour mean 31.12.2010 Particulate Matter (PM10) 18 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 10 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2021 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 Benzene 3.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2010 1,3 Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Carbon Monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-Hour mean 31.12.2003
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 2 PUBLIC 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare, publish and implement an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within the shortest possible time and no later than 12 months of the date of AQMA Designation Order. The AQAP must set out measures the local authority intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives within the shortest possible time. Measures should be provided with milestones and a final date for completion. The action plan itself should have a timescale for completion and for revocation of the AQMA. Where measures to reduce air pollution may require a longer timescale an action plan shall be reviewed and republished within five years of initial publication and then five-yearly thereafter. A summary of AQMAs declared by Renfrewshire Council can be found in Table 2.1 . Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at Air Quality Management Areas. All three AQMAs were revoked in March 2025. Since the implementation of the 2019 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), which was updated in April 2024, there has been a steady improvement of air quality across the Council. As such there have been no exceedances of any air quality objectives since 2019. The Council is currently working on the Local Air Quality Strategy, incorporating the measures contained within the 2024 AQAP update, to replace the AQAP. Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas AQMA Name Pollutants and Air Quality Objectives City / Town Description Action Plan Paisley Town Centre (PTC) Declared in 2009 for NO2 annual mean, NO2 1-hour mean & PM10 24- hour mean Paisley An area encompassing a large part of central Paisley and extending a short distance along some radial roads Renfrewshire Council Air Quality Action Plan 2019: http://www.renfrewshire .gov.uk/airquality
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 3 PUBLIC AQMA Name Pollutants and Air Quality Objectives City / Town Description Action Plan Johnstone High Street (JHS) Declared in 2016 for NO2 annual mean Johnstone From the junction of High Street and Peockland Place; thence along High Street to the junction of Barrochan Road and Napier Street Renfrewshire Council Air Quality Action Plan 2019: http://www.renfrewshire .gov.uk/airquality Renfrew Town Centre (RTC) Declared in 2016 for NO2 annual mean & NO2 1-hour mean Renfrew From the junction of Paisley Road, Inchinnan Road, Hairst Street and Glebe Street; thence along Glebe Street to property number 4 Glebe St; thence along Paisley Road to the junction of Donaldson Drive; thence along Inchinnan Road to the junction of Longcroft Drive; thence along Hairst Street to the junction with Canal Street and High Street; thence along Canal St to the junction with Ferry Road Renfrewshire Council Air Quality Action Plan 2019: http://www.renfrewshire .gov.uk/airquality 2.2 Implementation of Air Quality Action Plan(s) and/or measures to address air quality In order to ensure that local authorities implement the measures within an action plan by the timescales stated within that plan, the Scottish Government expects authorities to submit updates on progress through the APR process. Renfrewshire Council has taken forward a number of measures within the action plan during the current reporting year of 2024 in pursuit of improving local air quality and meeting the air quality objectives within the shortest possible time. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. More detail on these measures can be found in the Council’s Air Quality Action Plan.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 4 PUBLIC Key projects that were successfully delivered through the 2019 AQAP include: • City Deals Projects - GAIA (Glasgow Airport Investment Area) works completed and infrastructure in use; • City Deals Projects - two AMIDS (Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Scotland) buildings are now complete and occupied; • Upgrades & Improvements to the Council’s Urban Traffic Control (UTC) system – faults identified, repairs undertaken, validation of traffic signals and updates to traffic controllers to ensure full optimisation of traffic signals in order to reduce congestion; • Continual improvements to the Council fleet via the annual vehicle replacement capital programme and the increase of electric vehicles and associated charging infrastructure; • Introduction of Renfrewshire Council’s Corporate Sustainable Travel Planning Scheme including the provision of staff pool cars with the majority of these (approximately 50) being electric vehicles; • Vehicle Idling Awareness Raising - regular targeted campaigns including a School Parking Campaign which by August 2019, all 49 primary schools in Renfrewshire were engaged in; • Cycle Strategy – construction of various infrastructure projects as per the Cycle Strategy priorities including the Paisley to Renfrew and Inchinnan Active Travel Routes. Provision of the Cycle to Work Scheme for Council employees; and • Upgrading of the fleet tracking telemetric system was completed 2023/24. UK Telematics Ltd awarded contract in April 2023 with system now fully utilised and UK Telematics is now installed in all council vehicles (including hires). Progress on the following measures has been slower than expected: • The opening of the Clyde Waterfront and Renfrew Riverside (CWRR) bridge was delayed, however, the bridge opened to the public in May 2025. The Council are currently preparing a new local development plan (LDP) that will set out the Council's strategy and policy for the use of buildings to 2038. The current stage is evidence-gathering, and the council are scheduled to submit the LDP Evidence Report to full Council Board in June 2025, after which it will be submitted to the Scottish Government for review. The LDP will include area of evidence concerning environmental matters such as noise, air quality and contaminated land. The purpose of this is to ensure these matters
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 5 PUBLIC are considered at the outset to ensure the LDP avoids placing development in areas that would be impacted by, or contribute to, noise or air quality problems. The Council have ongoing Climate Change projects of which some also improve air quality. More information can be found here: Climate Change Action Fund - Renfrewshire Website
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 6 PUBLIC Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Measure No. Measure Category Expected/Actual Completion year Organisations Involved Measure Status Funding Status Key Milestones Progress Barriers to implementation 1 Glasgow City Region City Deal Projects - Clyde Waterfront & Renfrew Riverside Project (CWRR) - Glasgow Airport Investment Area Project (GAIA) UK Government Levelling Up Fund Project - Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Scotland (AMIDS) South Transport Planning and Infrastructure - Active travel Public transport improvements Traffic Management - Strategic highway improvements Promoting Travel Alternatives - Promotion of cycling Promotion of walking CWRR – expected completion end April 2025 with bridge opening 9 May 2025 GAIA – completed 2022 AMIDS South – anticipated construction commencing 2025 with completion 2027 Scottish Government, UK Government & Local Authorities (LAs) across the region. For the City Deal funded projects the decision- making body is the Glasgow City Region Cabinet. For the UK Government Levelling Up Fund project, the decision-making body is the UK Gov Department for Transport. Within Renfrewshire Council the projects are led by Chief Executive Services, City Deal & Infrastructure. CWRR – completed GAIA – completed AMIDS South – in progress Partially funded UK Government funding 85% of the capital costs of the projects. Renfrewshire council contribution is 15% of costs. Government funding will be unlocked in 5 yearly Gateway Reviews. If the City Deal meets agreed outputs and outcomes at each review, the full £1 billion of funding from the UK and Scottish Governments will be unlocked. AMIDS South Funding via the UK Government Levelling Up Fund. Funding provided for 90% of the CWRR Nov 2018 – planning consent granted Autumn 2019 – tenders published Nov 2021 – Contract Start Date April 2025 – construction completion 9 May 2025 – bridge opening GAIA Nov 2017 – planning consent granted Spring 2019 – tender contracts awarded June 2019 – start of construction March 2022 – Works opened to the public AMIDS South March 2023 – planning consented Nov 2022 to 2024 – Contractor procurement and land acquisition 2025 - 2027 – Construction period CWRR The CWRR project was completed April 2025 and open to the public on 9 May 2025. GAIA The Glasgow Airport Investment Area project was completed in October 2022 AMIDS South The Compulsory Purchase Order under the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 and the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947 required to progress this development was granted in early 2025. The process is now underway to vest the land to allow the Council to take ownership – this is due to be finalised in the .
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 7 PUBLIC capital cost with Renfrewshire council contribution of 10%. summer of 2025. Tender returns for the construction are due at the start of May 2025. 2 Council Fleet Improvements - Continue to improve the standard of fleet - Increase numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) & associated charging infrastructure - Continue to work in line with the Scottish Government’s Net Zero policy with regards to fleet vehicles - EV Fleet Strategy Feasibility Study Promoting Low Emission Transport Company Vehicle Procurement - Prioritising uptake of low emission vehicles Procuring alternative refuelling infrastructure to promote low emission vehicles Ongoing. There is an annual vehicle replacement programme (VRP) whereby vehicles at the end of their service life are replaced with an improved EURO standard or an electric alternative. The Council will continue to introduce EVs & charging points where opportunities and funding permits. As technology evolves the Council will extend the EV Fleet Strategy to include all vehicles including HGVs and buses. Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure - Fleet Solutions and Social Transport In progress Phasing out need for new petrol or diesel light commercial vehicles by 2030 Local Authority - Fleet improvements funded via the Council’s capital VRP. Partial funding towards charging infrastructure from Transport Scotland’s Switched On Fleets funding The Council fleet consists of approx. 400 vehicles of which >78% are of EURO V or VI standard. There are approx. 80 HGV vehicles, 32 of which are EURO VI standard with the remaining 48 being of EURO V. The EURO V HGVs are prioritised for replacement with EURO VI vehicles. First Council EVs and charging points purchased and installed in 2012. The Council now have 115 EVs (cars/vans) in the fleet or 27% of overall fleet. As of the start of 2024, there are now 73 EV chargers for public usage (146 charging bays) and 48 EV In October 2021, Scottish Futures Trust (SFT) sought expressions of interest from local authorities to undertake a business case to explore alternative delivery models for public EV charging through private sector investment. Renfrewshire Council was successful in their application and received £60k funding towards the development of the business case which was undertaken by a consultant and completed in March 2023. The business case sets out how the Glasgow City Region partners could work together to expand the EV charging infrastructure
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 8 PUBLIC chargers for council fleet vehicles (89 charging bays) across 14 council depots /buildings. Contract awarded for £250,000 investment in the council’s Underwood Road Waste & Fleet Depot during 2023 with a new 2.3MVA power supply and transformer to support the further expansion of EV charging infrastructure for light vans, HGVs and refuse collection vehicles. In addition to EV pool cars, the council have 10 electric pool bikes for staff to use for business travel as part of the Business Travel Hierarchy. network to meet projected EV demand over the next three to four years. 3 Renfrewshire’s Plan for Net Zero Strategy Renfrewshire Council declared a climate emergency in June 2019 with a commitment to work towards net zero by 2030. Policy Guidance and Development Control The Net Zero Strategy is ongoing until 2030 with action measures implemented as per the strategy priorities which the Council will continue to monitor to 2045 in line with national targets and beyond. Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure – Climate Change Ongoing Not funded (from external sources). Verifying, adopting and updating the emissions modelling tool: quantification of the impact of the phased actions, to inform future targets and present data in Detailed Phased Road Map to 2030 and Quantified Delivery Plans being developed.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 9 PUBLIC Renfrewshire’s Net Zero Strategy was produced and approved in August 2022 with key themes including: - Sustainable Transport - Clean Energy - Resilient Place Action Measures for these themes will also align with improving air quality levels within Renfrewshire. an interactive way. Developing a carbon budget for Renfrewshire Council - completed in 2024. 4 UTC Improvements - Replacement of previous Urban Traffic Control (UTC) system with externally hosted UTC-X system from Yunex with guaranteed updates for the next 10 years. Traffic Management (UTC, congestion management, traffic reduction) Completed 2024 Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure - Roads and Infrastructure Completed Not funded (from external sources) Spring 2023 - 66 sites across 30 junctions throughout the council area have been upgraded to an externally hosted UTC system between 2020 and 2023. This is then followed with a 10-year maintenance contract at these sites to ensure signals remain as efficient as possible There is a 10- year maintenance contract at these sites to ensure signals remain as efficient as possible. 5 Vehicle Fleet Tracking System Freight and Delivery Management UK Telematics Ltd awarded contract in April 2023 with Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Completed Not funded (from external sources) UK Telematics now installed in all council
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 10 PUBLIC - UK Telematics for all fleet vehicles Route management plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's Vehicle Fleet Efficiency (other) system now fully utilised. Infrastructure - Fleet Solutions and Social Transport vehicles (including hires). Training has been provided for user departments in report writing and system functionality. 6 Renfrewshire’s Local Transport Strategy - Publication of a new Local Transport Strategy (LTS) for the period 2025- 2035 to replace the Council’s existing 2007 LTS. Policy Guidance and Development Control (Other policy) Transport Planning and Infrastructure Public transport improvements Traffic Management (various) Promoting Travel Alternatives (various) Summer 2025 Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure - Roads and Infrastructure In progress Not funded (from external sources) Contract awarded in Sept 2023. Completion date expected to be summer 2025 7 Renfrewshire Council Cycle Strategy & Action Plan 2016-2025 - The strategy contains a Cycling Action Plan which sets out a programme of activities and Promoting Travel Alternatives Promotion of cycling Intensive active travel campaign & infrastructure The current Cycle Strategy and Action Plan runs for the period 2016-2025. Upgrades and development of the cycling network is ongoing as per the strategy priorities. Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure - Roads and Infrastructure In progress Measures contained within the action plan will be implemented dependant on funding. Funding status depends on each project but can Renfrewshire used 49.4% of CWSR budget in 2022/23 on new infrastructure to encourage cycling. Projects included construction of Paisley to Renfrew and There are several other cycling infrastructure projects which are currently at concept design /public consultation design stage.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 11 PUBLIC network interventions for the ten-year period, including upgrades and expansion of cycle networks, upgrading the Council’s facilities for cyclists and updating the Council’s Travel Plan. School Travel Plans Traffic Management Strategic highway improvements, re-prioritising road space away from cars Expected completion year is dependent on each measure, some are ongoing, and some have funding until end of 2024/25. be fully funded / partially funded / not funded/ annual or ongoing funding required. Inchinnan Active Travel Routes. The £2 Million Transport Scotland Active Travel Transformation Funding awarded in 2023 for four Renfrewshire projects is a significant investment which aims to create high-quality active travel infrastructure that will support people to make the switch to more sustainable transport methods and reduce emissions. The routes for these are: 1. Southolm Roundabout Erskine 2. Linside Avenue 3. Hawkhead Rd/ Glasgow Rd junction 4. Linclive Roundabout 5. Inchinnan Business Park 6. Barnsford Road, Glasgow Airport 8 Active Travel Projects - Not Far? Leave the Car - Beat the Street - Living Streets WOW Project - School Bikeability & Scootability Training -School travel Plans - Carshare Promoting Travel Alternatives Promotion of cycling Promotion of walking Intensive active travel campaign & infrastructure School Travel Plans Alternatives to private vehicle use Dependant on measure. Some are ongoing and some have funding until end of 2024/25. Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure - Roads and Infrastructure Ongoing Funding status depends on each project but can be fully funded / partially funded / not funded/ annual or ongoing funding required. Not Far? Leave the Car March 2023 to December 2023 survey results- 654 users out of 917 replaced their last car journey with an active travel option; 75.9% of respondents agreed they used the car less than usual to get from place to place; 73% of respondents agreed they would likely use the car less to get from place to All Primary 5 - 7 classes across Renfrewshire will be invited to undertake their Bikeability training (funding dependent). Bikeability is funded by Cycling Scotland and is led by OneRen within the Renfrewshire Council area. Primary Schools have been invited to work with the
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 12 PUBLIC Car & lift sharing schemes place in the future; 75.2% of respondents said they are more likely to walk or cycle to get from place to place in the future; 66.4% of respondents said they are likely to use public transport to get from place to place in future; and 76.7% of respondents said that the scheme has made them leave the car at home Living Streets WOW Project Sept 2023 to Dec 2023 survey results- Number of children engaged in the Project: 5470 Number of sustainable and active travel journeys: 121,832 (86%) Number of badges earned: 5,987. Number of Schools actively engaged: 19. 86% of pupils engaged are choosing to be active in going to school Council’s Road Safety team and establish Junior Road Safety Officers where they will assist in keeping the school areas less congested thus resulting in improved air quality. School travel Plans: all schools will be invited to complete a school travel plan and work with the Council’s Road Safety team and Junior Road Safety Officers to complete this.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 13 PUBLIC Beat the Street During 2023/24 the game took place in Renfrewshire North, covering the areas of Paisley North, Inchinnan, Renfrew, Erskine and Langbank. Headline results include- 7604 players took part, 118,459 miles covered in Renfrewshire. The Council are part of Carshare and promote car share journeys for all Renfrewshire employees. 9 Renfrewshire’s Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy The Strategy designates the most appropriate energy efficiency and heat decarbonisation options within Renfrewshire Policy Guidance and Development Control Strategy approved at Board in January 2024. Renfrewshire Council - Environment, Housing and Infrastructure – Climate Change Ongoing Partially funded. However, it is hoped that the LHEES will also act as a prospectus for government funding and external investment using a robust evidence and place-based approach. Renfrewshire’s LHEES approved in January 2024. . Delivery Plans being developed throughout 2024.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 14 PUBLIC 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how local concentrations of the main air pollutants compare with the objectives. Renfrewshire Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at three sites during 2024. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. National monitoring results are available at the Air Quality in Scotland website. Two sites monitor NO2 – REN1 Renfrew Cockels Loan and REN03 Renfrew Inchinnan Road, with the final site REN02 Renfrewshire Johnstone monitoring PM2.5 and PM10. No exceedances of the relevant air quality objectives were recorded for any pollutant at any automatic monitoring station in 2024. No changes occurred to Renfrewshire Council’s automatic monitoring network in 2024. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Figure 1. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C. Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Renfrewshire Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 59 sites during 2024, however, 18 sites were decommissioned in March 2024, reducing the reported annual mean concentrations to 41 sites. Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Following bias adjustment and application of distance correction, there were no exceedances of the NO2 annual mean air quality objective recorded in 2024. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Figure 2 to Figure 5. The figures include sites that were decommissioned in March 2024. Further details on Quality
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 15 PUBLIC Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C. The three AQMAs within Renfrewshire Council were revoked in March 2025. Since the implementation of the 2019 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), which was updated in April 2024, there has been a steady improvement of air quality across the Council. As such there have been no exceedances of any air quality objectives since 2019. Other Monitoring Activities No other monitoring activities have been undertaken.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 16 PUBLIC Figure 1. Map of Automatic Monitoring Sites
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 17 PUBLIC Figure 2. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Renfrew
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 18 PUBLIC Figure 3. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Paisley
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 19 PUBLIC Figure 4. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Kilbarchan and Johnstone
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 20 PUBLIC Figure 5. Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Lochwinnoch
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 21 PUBLIC 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for annualisation and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C. 3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3 at automatic monitoring sites. Both automatic monitoring sites recorded annual mean NO2 concentrations under the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3. Recorded concentrations were lower than those in 2023, Ren1 decreasing by 2.8 µg/m3 (after annualisation) and Ren03 decreasing by 3.9 µg/m3. Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3 at non automatic monitoring sites. For diffusion tubes, the full 2024 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Two diffusion tubes required annualisation as their data capture was between 25% and 75% – Paisley82 and Paisley94. All diffusion tube monitoring locations in Renfrewshire Council achieved NO2 AQO compliance in 2024. The highest concentration was 29.9 µg/m3 reported at Johnstone99. There was an overall decrease in annual mean concentrations for the majority of monitoring sites in 2024 following bias adjustment and application of distance correction. Only 2 sites experienced an increase in annual mean NO2 concentration from 2023 to 2024, compared to 39 sites experiencing a decrease. The sites that experienced an increase were Paisley43 and Paisley79. These increases were +1.1 µg/m3 at Paisley79 (20.0 µg/m3 in 2023 to 21.10 µg/m3 in 2024) to +1.3 µg/m3 at Paisley43 (15.0 µg/m3 in 2023 to 16.2 µg/m3 in 2024). The sites that experienced a decrease in NO2 ranged from -8.4 µg/m3 at Paisley94 (18.8 µg/m3 in 2023 to 10.5 µg/m3 in 2024) to -0.2 µg/m3 at Renfrew75 (16.1 µg/m3 in 2023 to 15.9 µg/m3 in 2024).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 22 PUBLIC Despite the two increases, there were no exceedances of the air quality objective of 40 µg/m3 at any automatic or non-automatic sites in 2024. Broadly, since 2020, the majority of the diffusion tube monitoring sites have shown a decrease in NO2 concentrations. Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 200 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. No exceedances of the hourly mean air quality objective for NO2 were recorded at any of the automatic monitoring sites. None of the diffuison tube monitoring sites reported concentrations exceeding 60 µg/m3 which indicates that there are likely to be no exceedances of the short-term air quality objective. 3.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 18 µg/m3. The ratified concentration is calculated using raw data directly from the Air Quality in Scotland Website. The ratified corrected result is calculated using the ratified result, and then applying a correction factor as outlined in Scottish Government Guidance Note. The table shows the ratified data and the ratified corrected data for REN02 (Renfrewshire, Johnstone), following the Scottish Government Guidance Note in relation to the measurement of ambient Particulate Matter (PM) and the LAQM reporting of measured concentrations issued in May 2023. REN02 (Renfrewshire, Johnstone) has shown variations in concentrations ranging from 10.2 µg/m3 to 13.7 µg/m3 for the ratified data and 11.3 µg/m3 to 15.1 µg/m3 in the ratified corrected data in the past five years. The annual mean concentration in 2024 is a decrease of 1.5 µg/m3 for the ratified and corrected data compared to the annual mean concentration recorded in 2023. This site has not recorded an exceedance of the annual mean AQO since at least 2018. Table A.7 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than seven times per year. In 2024, REN02 (Renfrewshire Johnstone) monitor reported no instances of 24-hour mean AQO exceedances.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 23 PUBLIC 3.2.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Table A.8 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 10 µg/m3. The ratified concentration is calculated using raw data directly from the Air Quality in Scotland Website. The ratified corrected result is calculated using the ratified result, and then applying a correction factor as outlined in Scottish Government Guidance Note. In 2024, REN02 (Renfrewshire Johnstone) recorded a concentration of 6.9 µg/m3 or a corrected value of 7.3 µg/m3. These annual mean concentrations both show no change compared to the concentration reported in 2023 but a reduction compared to the concentrations in 2019 (7.9 µg/m3 for the ratified annual mean and 8.4 µg/m3 for the corrected annual mean). The site has not recorded an exceedance of the annual mean AQO since at least 2018. 3.2.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) No monitoring of SO2 was undertaken in 2024. 3.2.5 Carbon Monoxide, Lead and 1,3-Butadiene No monitoring of Carbon Monoxide, Lead or 1,3-Butadiene was undertaken in 2024.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 24 PUBLIC 4 New Local Developments 4.1 Road Traffic Sources Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Scotland (AMIDS) South The transport project within Paisley town centre known as AMIDS South was granted planning approval in January 2023. The project will create new routes between Paisley town centre and the Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Scotland (AMIDS) and Glasgow Airport. The project involves a road bridge crossing the White Cart and an east- west link road, all with accompanying walking and cycling options. This is 90% funded by the UK Government Levelling Up Fund, with the rest paid by Renfrewshire Council. Two detailed air quality assessments were submitted with the application, a Preliminary Air Quality Assessment relating to the construction phase of the development and an Air Quality Addendum report for the operational phase road traffic impacts of the scheme. Both reports were found to be satisfactory. With regards to the operational phase, the assessment determines that there will be no exceedances of air quality objectives as a result of the development. There will also be a beneficial effect on annual mean NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations at the majority of locations assessed. In terms of public support for the development, more than 260 people completed a public survey with their thoughts on the project proposals. The survey found: • 90% would use the riverside route; • 86% confirmed that they would be more likely to walk or cycle here following the infrastructure improvements; • More than two-thirds of people would use the walking and cycling route between Gallowhill Road and Inchinnan Road; and • 70% indicated that they would consider leaving the car at home and walk or cycle instead. An update to the project was recently made by adding an underpass to provide a safe crossing of Renfrew Road, using the existing underpass. It will connect from Gallowhill Road through the underpass beneath Renfrew Road using the disused railway line and
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 25 PUBLIC join onto the active travel route between Paisley and Renfrew. It will also create a new safe route to school for the new Paisley Grammar School Community Campus. The Compulsory Purchase Order under the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 and the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947 in order to progress this development was granted in early 2025. The process is now underway to vest the land to allow the Council to take ownership, this is due to be finalised in the summer of 2025. Tender returns for the construction are due at the start of May 2025. Further information on AMIDS South can be found at AMIDS South transport links - Renfrewshire Website 4.2 Other Transport Sources Clyde Metro The former Glasgow Airport Access Project is now incorporated within a wider metro opportunity. Clyde Metro is a fully-integrated mass transit public transport system which could include a variety of modes. Approved through Glasgow City Region City Deal funding, Strathclyde Passenger Transport (SPT), with support from Glasgow City Council, is leading on the work to develop a Case for Investment for Clyde Metro. This work will set out a programme business case and arrangements for the initial delivery phases. It will also take forward work to improve sustainable transport access to Glasgow Airport and longer-term plans for future phases of Clyde Metro. Further information on Clyde Metro can be found at: Clyde Metro - Renfrewshire Website 4.3 Industrial Sources There are two developments that have been submitted to SEPA with a ‘Substantial Variation to existing Authorisation’ application type within the local authority that may affect air quality. The following development that will affect emissions from a ‘Waste’ source is outlined below: • 10/04/2024 – WCR Recycling Limited. Authorisation activity ‘Waste - Other Waste Storage and Treatment Sites. Authorisation number: WML/L/1133375.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 26 PUBLIC The following development that will affect emissions from a ‘PPC(B)’ source is outlined below: • 13/09/2024 – Vascutek Ltd. Authorisation activity ‘PPC(B) - Other Solvent Emissions. Authorisation number: PPC/B/1179205. No planning applications were received by Renfrewshire Council during 2024 that identified any new or significantly changed industrial sources. 4.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources No planning applications were received by Renfrewshire Council during 2024 that identified any new or significantly changed commercial and domestic sources. 4.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources No planning applications were received by Renfrewshire Council during 2024 that identified any new or significantly changed fugitive or uncontrolled sources.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 27 PUBLIC 5 Planning Applications 23/0283/PP The council has received plans for the erection of a secondary school and community campus with associated external amenities including landscaping, access, parking, and sports pitches. This application was granted in January 2024. An initial desk top Air Quality Assessment (AQA) was submitted which was satisfactory and showed no risk of AQOs being exceeded, however, a detailed AQA was requested prior to commencement of any construction works. The Council received the full AQA for this application in May 2024. A modelling assessment was undertaken to investigate if there was potential for traffic emissions associated with the development to impact upon the air quality of the existing residents in the vicinity of the development. The assessment concluded that the magnitude of change in air quality was negligible. Air quality was therefore not considered a constraint to planning consent for the proposed development. 22/0569/PP Approval of Matters Specified in Conditions 2, 4 and 6 of planning permission in principle approval 18/0638/PP, for the erection of a residential development comprising of 180 dwellinghouses. An AQA was submitted and was deemed satisfactory, however the planning application was refused and was appealed by the developers. The appeal for this application was refused in 2024.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 28 PUBLIC 6 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 6.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data There were no AQO exceedances identified in Renfrewshire Council during 2024. 95% of existing diffusion tube sites with valid annual mean data recorded a decrease in annual mean NO2 concentrations from 2023 to 2024. The remaining two sites experienced small increases in NO2 concentrations. With regards to the automatic monitoring stations, PM10 annual mean concentrations at REN02 – Renfrewshire Johnstone decreased from 2023 to 2024 by 1.4 µg/m3 for the raw concentration and by 1.5μg/m³ for the corrected annual mean concentrations. REN02 – Renfrewshire Johnstone also records PM2.5 and experienced no change from 2023 to 2024, both pollutants monitored at REN02 recorded concentrations below their respective annual mean AQOs. The three AQMAs within Renfrewshire Council were revoked in March 2025. Since the implementation of the 2019 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP), which was updated in April 2024, there has been a steady improvement of air quality across the Council. As such there have been no exceedances of any air quality objectives since 2019. 6.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments Any new developments that are likely to impact local air quality, or potentially introduce new receptors into areas of poor air quality, have been adequately assessed during the planning process. No planning applications were received by Renfrewshire Council in 2024 that identified any new or significantly changed industrial, commercial or domestic sources or developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources that had any human health concerns or impacts on vegetation or ecosystems. The planning application reports relating to AMIDS South project were found to be satisfactory and the Council are currently going through the process of a Compulsory Purchase Order under the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 and the Acquisition of Land (Authorisation Procedure) (Scotland) Act 1947 in order to progress this development.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 29 PUBLIC For Clyde Metro, a Case for Investment is currently developed which includes a programme business case and arrangements for the initial delivery phases. The application for the erection of a school and community campus was granted in January 2024. An initial desk top AQA was submitted which was satisfactory and showed no risk of AQOs being exceeded, however, a detailed AQA was requested prior to commencement of any construction works. The Council received the full AQA for this application in May 2024. A modelling assessment was undertaken to investigate if there was potential for traffic emissions associated with the development to impact upon the air quality of the existing residents in the vicinity of the development. The assessment concluded that the magnitude of change in air quality was negligible. Air quality was therefore not considered a constraint to planning consent for the proposed development. An AQA for a housing development site was submitted and was deemed satisfactory, however the planning application was refused and was being appealed by the developers. The appeal for this application was refused in 2024. There are no AQA’s for any developments listed in Section 4.3 Industrial Sources or Section 4.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources. 6.3 Proposed Actions Renfrewshire Council’s proposed actions following the publication of the 2025 APR are as follows: • The development and publication of the Air Quality Strategy; • Progress with the significant new road and cycle infrastructure projects which are part of the AMIDS South projects; • Publication of a new Renfrewshire Local Transport Strategy and development of a Paisley Town Centre Transport Strategy; • Continuation with the upgrade and development of the cycling network as per the Renfrewshire Council Cycle Strategy priorities; • Continue with promotion of active travel measures, encouraging people to travel actively and sustainably with a view to supporting longer term behaviour shift; • Continue to monitor NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 at relevant locations throughout Renfrewshire; • Submit the 2026 Annual Progress Report.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 30 PUBLIC Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Monitoring Technique Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Inlet Height (m) REN1 Renfrew, Cockels Loan Roadside 250464 665933 NO2 No N/A Chemiluminescent 5.0 18.0 2.2 REN02 Renfrewshire, Johnstone Roadside 242984 663178 PM10, PM2.5 Yes JHS FIDAS 200 0.5(3) 2.9 1.9 REN03 Renfrew, Inchinnan Road Roadside 250567 667558 NO2 Yes RTC Chemiluminescent 7.1 3.9 1.6 Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. (3) The distance of 0.5 m is to the façade of the closest building, these are commercial units at ground level and residential units on the first floor.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 31 PUBLIC Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley1 Gilmour Street Urban Centre 248350 664082 NO₂ Y - PTC 70.0 68.0 No 2.7 Paisley2 Oakshaw Street Urban Background 247925 664052 NO₂ Y - PTC 11.0 35.0 No 2.4 Paisley3 Lochfield Drive Urban Background 249002 662138 NO₂ N 8.0 1.5 No 2.4 Renfrew8 Inchinnan Road Kerbside 250589 667547 NO₂ Y - RTC 0.1 2.6 No 2.4 Renfrew17 Tanar Way Roadside 251524 666287 NO₂ N 0.0 28.0 No 2.3 Paisley19 Linwood Road Roadside 245701 663603 NO₂ N 5.0 2.5 No 2.5 Johnstone20 High Street Kerbside 242675 663286 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.5 1.4 No 2.3 Paisley21 (1), Paisley21 (2), Paisley21 (3) Causeyside Street Roadside 248316 663612 NO₂ Y - PTC -6.3 9.9 No 2.3
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 32 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley 33 76 Causeyside Street Roadside 248277 663524 NO₂ Y - PTC 1.1 2.8 No 2.8 Paisley 35 Old Sneddon Street Roadside 248360 664272 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.4 3.4 No 2.7 Paisley 36 Caledonia Street Roadside 247948 664774 NO₂ Y - PTC 4.5 3.3 No 2.5 Renfrew 40 Hairst Street Roadside 250763 667631 NO₂ Y - RTC 0.3 6.2 No 2.5 Paisley 43 Smithhills Street (East) Roadside 248481 664154 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.0 2.5 No 2.5 Paisley 44 Love Street Roadside 248209 664474 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.2 2.2 No 2.5 Renfrew45 Xscape Kerbside 251803 667365 NO₂ N 18.0 2.0 No 2.5 Renfrew48 Glen Sax Drive Roadside 251264 666217 NO₂ N -22.0 45.0 No 2.6
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 33 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley 50 Renfrew Road Roadside 248985 665494 NO₂ N 7.0 12.0 No 2.5 Renfrew 52 Glasgow Road 2 Roadside 251515 666955 NO₂ N 4.0 3.0 No 2.3 Renfrew 56 Paisley Road Roadside 250579 667488 NO₂ Y - RTC 3.5 4.5 No 2.4 Renfrew 57 Paisley Road Roadside 250597 667473 NO₂ N 1.2 6.0 No 2.4 Johnstone 59 High Street Kerbside 242656 663281 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.1 1.7 No 2.5 Paisley 60 Underwood Road Roadside 247525 664326 NO₂ N 7.8 0.5 No 2.4 Kilbarchan 61 High Barholm Roadside 240584 663007 NO₂ N 0.1 1.1 No 2.4 Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2), Renfrew62 (3) Cockels Loan Roadside 250463 665934 NO₂ N 5.0 18.0 Yes 3.0
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 34 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley 63 Renfrew Road Roadside 249159 665710 NO₂ N 6.8 3.7 No 2.4 Kilbarchan 65 High Barholm Roadside 240599 663000 NO₂ N 0.4 2.0 No 2.2 Kilbarchan 66 High Barholm Roadside 240573 663021 NO₂ N 0.4 1.6 No 2.2 Kilbarchan67 High Barholm Roadside 240512 663027 NO₂ Y - RTC 1.8 3.0 No 2.3 Renfrew68 Paisley Road Roadside 250522 667419 NO₂ Y - RTC 0.2 3.0 No 2.3 Renfrew69 Inchinnan Road Roadside 250537 667602 NO₂ Y - RTC 0.1 2.9 No 2.0 Renfrew70 Inchinnan Road Roadside 250599 667561 NO₂ N 4.5 3.7 No 2.0 Renfrew71 Braille Drive Roadside 251729 666360 NO₂ Y - RTC 0.0 26.5 No 2.0
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 35 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Johnstone72 High Street Roadside 243080 663140 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.5 3.0 No 2.3 Paisley73 Lawn Street Roadside 248566 664072 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.2 2.0 No 2.5 Paisley74 Causeyside Street Roadside 248313 663621 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.2 3.3 No 2.2 Renfrew75 Canal Street Roadside 250853 667747 NO₂ N 0.2 5.0 No 2.5 Paisley78 Neilston Road Roadside 248339 662576 NO₂ Y 0.2 2.6 No 2.5 Paisley79 Incle Street Roadside 248632 664212 NO₂ N 0.2 2.8 No 2.2 Paisley80 Glasgow Road Roadside 249653 664123 NO₂ N 1.9 2.1 No 2.4 Paisley82 Well Sreet Roadside 247513 664024 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.2 2.3 No 2.4
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 36 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley83 Wellmeadow Street Kerbside 247671 663913 NO₂ N 0.4 3.3 No 2.5 Paisley84 Ferry Village Roadside 251254 667876 NO₂ Y - PTC 18.0 0.5 No 2.4 Johnstone85 High Street Roadside 242622 663306 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.6 1.1 No 2.4 Johnstone86 High Street Roadside 242495 663358 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.1 2.7 No 2.4 Paisley 89 Abercorn Street Roadside 248467 664303 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.1 3.5 No 2.3 Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2), Renfrew90 (3) Renfrew Monitor Roadside 250567 667558 NO₂ Y - RTC 7.0 3.9 Yes 1.6 Lochwin92 Newton of Barr Roadside 234904 658634 NO₂ N 0.5 2.0 No 2.4 Lochwin93 Main Street, Lochwinnoch Roadside 235280 658877 NO₂ N 0.4 1.2 No 2.6
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 37 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley94 New Street Roadside 248186 663925 NO₂ Y - PTC 2.1 0.5 No 2.4 Paisley96 McDonald's Renfrew Road Roadside 248998 665204 NO₂ N 19.0 2.2 No 2.2 Renfrew97 Inchinnan Road Kerbside 250610 667534 NO₂ Y - RTC 2.1 0.6 No 2.4 Johnstone99 High Street Roadside 242584 663307 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.5 1.3 No 2.4 Johnstone100 High Street Roadside 242643 663285 NO₂ Y - JHS 0.1 1.9 No 2.2 Renfrew101 Glebe Street Roadside 250656 667457 NO₂ N 4.5 2.5 No 2.3 Paisley102 Orchard Street Roadside 248363 663752 NO₂ Y - PTC 0.6 2.3 No 2.1 Paisley105 Central Road 2 Roadside 248425 664192 NO₂ Y - PTC 55.0 4.0 No 2.3
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 38 PUBLIC Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Which AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube co- located with a Continuous Analyser? Tube Height (m) Paisley106 Smithills Street Roadside 248477 664189 NO₂ Y - PTC 2.6 0.3 No 2.0 Johnstone107 High Street Roadside 242503 663335 NO₂ Y - JHS 6.0 2.8 No 2.2 Paisley108 Central Road Roadside 248355 664180 NO₂ Y - PTC 8.4 4.6 No 2.4 Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 39 PUBLIC Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Automatic Monitoring (µg/m3) Site ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 REN1 250464 665933 Roadside 64.4 60.2 20.9 24.5 22.4 20.3 17.5 REN03 250567 667558 Roadside 89.7 89.7 19.9 19.0 19.7 23.6 18.9 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60 µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG22 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 40 PUBLIC Table A.4 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results: Non-Automatic Monitoring (µg/m3) Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Paisley1 248350 664082 Urban Centre 100.0 100.0 16.1 14.9 13.5 15.2 10.9 Paisley2 247925 664052 Urban Background 100.0 100.0 10.9 9.6 11.9 10.0 8.9 Paisley3 249002 662138 Urban Background 92.5 92.5 8.9 7.4 6.8 8.8 6.1 Renfrew8 250589 667547 Kerbside 100.0 100.0 40.2 29.8 30.2 37.7 29.8 Renfrew17 251524 666287 Roadside 100.0 100.0 26.3 22.9 23.5 22.1 20.9 Paisley19 245701 663603 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.1 22.5 17.9 17.4 -* Johnstone20 242675 663286 Kerbside 90.6 90.6 25.5 20.2 19.3 23.5 20.8 Paisley21 (1), Paisley21 (2), Paisley21 (3) 248316 663612 Roadside 100.0 17.0 25.7 21.9 18.6 19.1 -* Paisley 33 248277 663524 Roadside 100.0 100.0 27.7 24.1 19.4 22.2 19.6 Paisley 35 248360 664272 Roadside 100.0 100.0 31.5 25.7 21.9 26.2 20.7 Paisley 36 247948 664774 Roadside 100.0 100.0 27.7 26.5 20.5 24.4 20.4
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 41 PUBLIC Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Renfrew 40 250763 667631 Roadside 100.0 100.0 21.6 18.7 16.4 18.0 16.6 Paisley 43 248481 664154 Roadside 100.0 100.0 20.4 20.5 15.0 14.9 16.2 Paisley 44 248209 664474 Roadside 100.0 100.0 16.3 16.1 15.5 17.6 15.8 Renfrew45 251803 667365 Kerbside 90.6 90.6 20.3 18.4 14.9 18.4 16.4 Renfrew48 251264 666217 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.8 20.9 17.7 21.6 -* Paisley 50 248985 665494 Roadside 100.0 100.0 21.8 17.9 17.3 18.7 17.8 Renfrew 52 251515 666955 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.9 21.2 17.3 19.7 -* Renfrew 56 250579 667488 Roadside 100.0 100.0 24.4 20.9 19.5 22.6 20.6 Renfrew 57 250597 667473 Roadside 100.0 100.0 18.1 19.0 12.9 16.8 15.1 Johnstone 59 242656 663281 Kerbside 100.0 100.0 39.5 34.4 30.9 29.9 24.8 Paisley 60 247525 664326 Roadside 100.0 100.0 30.1 24.5 22.3 25.3 22.2
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 42 PUBLIC Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Kilbarchan 61 240584 663007 Roadside 100.0 17.0 26.0 26.1 18.7 21.1 -* Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2), Renfrew62 (3) 250463 665934 Roadside 100.0 100.0 30.5 25.3 21.9 24.9 22.3 Paisley 63 249159 665710 Roadside 100.0 17.0 25.2 25.2 20.9 23.5 -* Kilbarchan 65 240599 663000 Roadside 100.0 17.0 25.8 20.9 16.9 19.4 -* Kilbarchan 66 240573 663021 Roadside 100.0 17.0 18.1 15.9 14.1 13.8 -* Kilbarchan67 240512 663027 Roadside 100.0 17.0 18.6 13.2 10.3 11.0 -* Renfrew68 250522 667419 Roadside 100.0 100.0 21.0 16.4 17.4 19.5 18.9 Renfrew69 250537 667602 Roadside 100.0 100.0 25.0 32.4 25.3 35.6 27.8 Renfrew70 250599 667561 Roadside 100.0 17.0 26.9 17.4 18.1 20.6 -* Renfrew71 251729 666360 Roadside 100.0 17.0 26.2 24.4 19.1 23.8 -* Johnstone72 243080 663140 Roadside 92.5 92.5 20.2 19.9 13.6 17.2 15.4
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 43 PUBLIC Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Paisley73 248566 664072 Roadside 100.0 100.0 27.0 22.5 17.7 22.8 17.4 Paisley74 248313 663621 Roadside 92.5 92.5 28.6 23.0 18.7 19.3 18.6 Renfrew75 250853 667747 Roadside 100.0 100.0 21.1 20.2 13.9 16.1 15.9 Paisley78 248339 662576 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.4 24.0 16.8 19.2 -* Paisley79 248632 664212 Roadside 90.6 90.6 32.0 24.6 20.0 20.0 21.1 Paisley80 249653 664123 Roadside 100.0 17.0 23.7 18.4 14.9 17.2 -* Paisley82 247513 664024 Roadside 67.9 67.9 36.1 28.1 24.3 28.3 21.4 Paisley83 247671 663913 Kerbside 100.0 100.0 25.1 22.7 21.8 21.6 18.9 Paisley84 251254 667876 Roadside 100.0 100.0 16.8 14.9 13.1 14.6 13.0 Johnstone85 242622 663306 Roadside 100.0 100.0 30.2 24.5 19.9 26.9 18.8 Johnstone86 242495 663358 Roadside 100.0 100.0 29.9 19.0 19.2 24.7 20.2
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 44 PUBLIC Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Paisley 89 248467 664303 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.9 23.2 20.0 23.2 -* Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2), Renfrew90 (3) 250567 667558 Roadside 100.0 100.0 21.4 20.1 17.2 22.8 20.1 Lochwin92 234904 658634 Roadside 100.0 17.0 14.8 14.3 13.5 13.7 -* Lochwin93 235280 658877 Roadside 100.0 17.0 14.1 16.7 11.1 12.3 -* Paisley94 248186 663925 Roadside 41.5 41.5 21.0 19.0 17.9 18.8 10.5 Paisley96 248998 665204 Roadside 100.0 17.0 24.2 21.2 16.9 16.7 -* Renfrew97 250610 667534 Kerbside 100.0 100.0 - 30.5 28.5 30.9 28.3 Johnstone99 242584 663307 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - 35.4 25.7 32.7 29.9 Johnstone100 242643 663285 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - 31.8 24.3 28.8 24.4 Renfrew101 250656 667457 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - 19.5 17.8 20.0 16.3 Paisley102 248363 663752 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - - 19.1 19.6 16.7
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 45 PUBLIC Diffusion Tube ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Paisley105 248425 664192 Roadside 92.5 92.5 - - 16.6 19.9 13.0 Paisley106 248477 664189 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - - 17.7 26.5 19.9 Johnstone107 242503 663335 Roadside 100.0 100.0 - - 20.6 26.7 21.0 Paisley108 248355 664180 Roadside 100.0 17.0 - - 14.7 18.0 -* ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% and >25% in line with LAQM.TG22 ☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias adjusted ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance correction. Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60 µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG(22) if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. * Annual mean concentrations for these sites could not be calculated as only two months (January and February) of monitoring were undertaken before the sites were decommissioned. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 46 PUBLIC (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 47 PUBLIC Figure 6. Annual Mean NO₂ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective REN1 REN03
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 48 PUBLIC Figure 7. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Urban Centre, Urban Background, Kerbside) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Paisley1 Paisley2 Paisley3 Renfrew8 Johnstone20 Renfrew45 Johnstone59 Paisley83 Renfrew97
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 49 PUBLIC Figure 8. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 1) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Renfrew17 Paisley33 Paisley35 Paisley36 Renfrew40 Paisley43 Paisley44 Paisley50
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 50 PUBLIC Figure 9. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 2) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Renfrew56 Renfrew57 Paisley60 Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2), Renfrew62 (3)
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 51 PUBLIC Figure 10. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 3) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Renfrew68 Renfrew69 Johnstone72 Paisley73 Paisley74 Renfrew75 Paisley79
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 52 PUBLIC Figure 11. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 4) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Paisley82 Renfrew84 Johnstone85 Johnstone86 Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2), Renfrew90 (3) Paisley94
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 53 PUBLIC Figure 12. Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations at Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites (Roadside 5) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean NO 2 Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective Johnstone99 Johnstone100 Renfrew101 Paisley102 Paisley105 Paisley106 Johnstone107
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 54 PUBLIC Table A.5 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results, Number of 1-Hour Means > 200 µg/m3 Site ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 REN1 250464 665933 Roadside 64.4 60.2 0 0 0 0 (91.3) 0 (73) REN03 250567 667558 Roadside 89.7 89.7 0 0 0 0 0 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 55 PUBLIC Table A.6 – Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results (µg/m3) Site ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 REN02 242984 663178 Roadside 100.0 100.0 10.2 13.7 12.9 13.4 12.0 REN02 Corrected 242984 663178 Roadside 98.9 98.9 11.3 15.1 14.2 14.7 13.2 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 18 µg/m3 are shown in bold. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG(22), valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 56 PUBLIC Figure 13. Annual Mean PM₁₀ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean PM 10 Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective REN02 REN02 Corrected
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 57 PUBLIC Table A.7 – 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results, Number of PM10 24-Hour Means > 50 µg/m3 Site ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 REN02 242984 663178 Roadside 100.0 100.0 0 1 0 3 0 Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than seven times/year) are shown in bold. If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 98.1st percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 58 PUBLIC Table A.8 – Annual Mean PM2.5 Monitoring Results (µg/m3) Site ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2024 (%) (2) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 REN02 242984 663178 Roadside 100.0 100.0 5.5 6.0 6.1 6.9 6.9 REN02 Corrected 242984 663178 Roadside 100.0 100.0 5.9 6.3 6.5 7.3 7.3 Notes: Exceedances of the PM2.5 annual mean objective of 10 µg/m3 are shown in bold. All means have been “annualised” as per LAQM.TG(22), valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 59 PUBLIC Figure 14. Annual Mean PM₂.₅ Concentrations at Automatic Monitoring Sites 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Annual Mean PM 2.5 Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Year Annual Mean Air Quality Objective REN02 REN02 Corrected
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 60 PUBLIC Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2024 Table B.1 – NO2 2024 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results (µg/m3) DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Paisley1 248350 664082 17.6 8.3 14.5 2.6 1.7 2.6 6.2 6.5 5.2 11.1 25.4 1.7 8.6 10.9 Paisley2 247925 664052 4.9 5.2 10.3 2.7 1.5 2.3 5.9 4.2 6.3 11.0 17.7 12.3 7.0 8.9 Paisley3 249002 662138 8.7 5.1 5.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.6 - 7.6 7.4 5.9 4.8 6.1 Renfrew8 250589 667547 23.8 31.5 25.3 10.9 26.1 21.8 25.3 30.4 7.7 29.2 31.9 18.5 23.5 29.8 Renfrew17 251524 666287 25.6 15.2 14.3 7.0 12.9 9.0 12.1 16.8 14.5 26.6 26.3 17.7 16.5 20.9 Paisley19 245701 663603 24.1 12.8 - - - - - - - - - - 18.5 -* Johnstone20 242675 663286 17.6 12.8 16.8 11.0 - 9.5 14.9 11.2 19.5 19.6 25.2 23.0 16.5 20.8 Paisley21 (1) 248316 663612 - 13.9 - - - - - - - - - - - -* Triplicate Site with Paisley21 (1), Paisley21 (2) and Paisley21 (3) - Annual data provided for Paisley21 (3) only
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 61 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Paisley21 (2) 248316 663612 14.8 12.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -* Triplicate Site with Paisley21 (1), Paisley21 (2) and Paisley21 (3) - Annual data provided for Paisley21 (3) only Paisley21 (3) 248316 663612 16.7 14.1 - - - - - - - - - - 14.5 -* - Triplicate Site with Paisley21 (1), Paisley21 (2) and Paisley21 (3) - Annual data provided for Paisley21 (3) only Paisley 33 248277 663524 9.7 15.6 16.2 10.7 15.3 6.7 13.8 13.7 23.8 20.2 26.6 13.7 15.5 19.6 Paisley 35 248360 664272 16.2 15.0 12.6 10.3 11.9 7.3 15.4 15.8 23.4 21.9 29.5 16.6 16.3 20.7 Paisley 36 247948 664774 19.7 17.1 13.1 6.9 11.8 5.5 15.3 14.3 22.0 21.8 28.4 17.3 16.1 20.4 Renfrew 40 250763 667631 15.5 13.5 9.5 5.8 7.5 3.9 9.7 12.6 16.7 20.0 22.5 20.3 13.1 16.6 Paisley 43 248481 664154 26.4 8.5 8.8 4.0 4.0 29.6 11.1 6.0 11.3 12.4 19.7 12.0 12.8 16.2 Paisley 44 248209 664474 19.5 10.8 12.3 4.3 7.1 7.5 9.8 7.9 18.9 17.9 25.3 8.4 12.5 15.8
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 62 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Renfrew45 251803 667365 16.5 14.1 11.3 3.2 11.2 9.1 10.7 12.4 16.3 14.8 22.8 - 12.9 16.4 Renfrew48 251264 666217 19.2 17.1 - - - - - - - - - - 18.2 -* - Paisley 50 248985 665494 19.6 11.6 15.1 5.8 7.9 9.3 12.4 13.0 12.5 19.5 26.6 15.6 14.1 17.8 Renfrew 52 251515 666955 18.0 13.6 - - - - - - - - - - 15.8 -* Renfrew 56 250579 667488 19.9 16.4 8.8 6.1 13.6 10.7 16.0 15.5 20.5 20.1 28.3 19.5 16.3 20.6 Renfrew 57 250597 667473 21.8 14.2 8.7 4.1 5.4 4.4 9.2 10.7 15.1 18.6 18.7 12.1 11.9 15.1 Johnstone 59 242656 663281 24.7 16.8 12.8 10.1 15.5 8.6 23.3 19.6 24.6 25.5 34.1 19.1 19.6 24.8 Paisley 60 247525 664326 26.2 16.4 12.7 4.3 12.1 9.4 15.2 15.1 17.8 24.7 38.3 18.0 17.5 22.2 Kilbarchan 61 240584 663007 22.5 13.6 - - - - - - - - - - 18.1 -* Renfrew62 (1) 250463 665934 22.3 18.3 13.7 7.0 15.4 7.9 17.2 19.3 13.6 22.4 26.8 25.8 - - Triplicate Site with Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2) and Renfrew62 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew62 (3) only
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 63 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Renfrew62 (2) 250463 665934 19.5 21.0 13.1 7.1 16.1 8.0 15.4 18.9 19.7 24.1 28.9 14.2 - - Triplicate Site with Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2) and Renfrew62 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew62 (3) only Renfrew62 (3) 250463 665934 26.0 19.2 10.6 7.5 16.2 13.1 15.9 18.0 19.8 28.3 26.6 17.7 17.6 22.3 Triplicate Site with Renfrew62 (1), Renfrew62 (2) and Renfrew62 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew62 (3) only Paisley 63 249159 665710 23.9 14.3 - - - - - - - - - - 19.1 -* Kilbarchan 65 240599 663000 20.2 12.4 - - - - - - - - - - 16.3 -* Kilbarchan 66 240573 663021 15.3 10.3 - - - - - - - - - - 12.8 -* Kilbarchan67 240512 663027 11.9 6.9 - - - - - - - - - - 9.4 -* Renfrew68 250522 667419 22.1 16.3 10.5 5.5 11.2 8.8 11.0 11.2 16.4 20.2 25.5 20.6 14.9 18.9 Renfrew69 250537 667602 28.4 29.6 17.8 10.6 20.2 6.4 11.8 12.7 22.5 33.7 32.5 37.4 22.0 27.8
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 64 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Renfrew70 250599 667561 24.2 19.8 - - - - - - - - - - 22.0 -* Renfrew71 251729 666360 21.9 14.5 - - - - - - - - - - 18.2 -* Johnstone72 243080 663140 10.6 12.7 10.9 7.7 10.5 - 9.9 7.6 18.3 17.7 17.2 11.0 12.2 15.4 Paisley73 248566 664072 17.6 15.8 8.5 5.8 12.0 8.5 12.7 10.6 19.5 19.6 17.0 17.8 13.8 17.4 Paisley74 248313 663621 15.1 17.0 10.7 5.7 10.6 - 18.2 9.0 21.0 19.8 20.0 14.2 14.7 18.6 Renfrew75 250853 667747 18.1 15.6 7.5 7.1 7.6 7.2 11.9 8.9 11.5 16.4 21.7 17.3 12.6 15.9 Paisley78 248339 662576 20.2 12.5 - - - - - - - - - - 16.4 -* Paisley79 248632 664212 28.1 16.9 19.1 7.1 9.9 8.2 10.3 9.5 15.1 - 35.1 24.1 16.7 21.1 Paisley80 249653 664123 23.4 13.7 - - - - - - - - - - 18.6 -* Paisley82 247513 664024 21.5 20.8 14.2 9.5 9.4 - - 26.1 17.9 - - 16.5 17.0 21.4 Paisley83 247671 663913 19.7 16.0 8.9 6.6 9.0 9.0 13.3 11.7 17.9 21.2 28.5 17.8 15.0 18.9
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 65 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Paisley84 251254 667876 16.0 8.2 5.2 3.8 7.7 6.6 8.0 8.7 11.9 15.7 18.3 13.2 10.3 13.0 Johnstone85 242622 663306 21.1 12.5 16.2 5.2 14.5 6.0 13.5 10.5 18.3 22.9 25.1 12.6 14.9 18.8 Johnstone86 242495 663358 19.3 12.1 12.9 8.7 21.9 5.5 13.0 8.7 23.5 21.1 27.9 16.9 16.0 20.2 Paisley 89 248467 664303 17.2 14.8 - - - - - - - - - - 16.0 -* Renfrew90 (1) 250567 667558 15.7 15.8 11.5 7.4 19.4 10.8 15.4 12.8 19.4 20.2 30.9 18.4 - - Triplicate Site with Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2) and Renfrew90 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew90 (3) only Renfrew90 (2) 250567 667558 18.1 13.8 12.1 7.1 20.7 9.4 14.0 12.9 17.3 22.5 22.1 - - - Triplicate Site with Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2) and Renfrew90 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew90 (3) only Renfrew90 (3) 250567 667558 15.9 14.2 11.9 6.8 18.4 10.7 14.0 11.9 17.1 23.4 30.0 13.5 15.9 20.1 Triplicate Site with Renfrew90 (1), Renfrew90 (2) and Renfrew90 (3) - Annual data provided for Renfrew90 (3) only
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 66 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Lochwin92 234904 658634 11.3 11.6 - - - - - - - - - - 11.5 -* Lochwin93 235280 658877 11.9 6.4 - - - - - - - - - - 9.2 -* Paisley94 248186 663925 14.9 10.2 9.5 5.1 - - - - - - - 7.5 9.4 10.5 Paisley96 248998 665204 22.9 18.0 - - - - - - - - - - 20.5 -* Renfrew97 250610 667534 23.3 25.7 10.0 14.0 25.2 20.9 23.2 25.7 20.2 29.4 37.1 13.2 22.3 28.3 Johnstone99 242584 663307 29.5 29.2 19.9 10.0 24.1 21.7 25.7 22.3 21.7 29.0 29.9 20.4 23.6 29.9 Johnstone100 242643 663285 27.3 22.7 14.8 9.4 20.7 12.7 19.7 18.3 19.7 25.8 23.1 17.4 19.3 24.4 Renfrew101 250656 667457 22.1 15.1 8.4 3.8 10.9 9.0 10.1 10.6 13.8 18.3 22.7 9.3 12.8 16.3 Paisley102 248363 663752 24.9 10.6 7.1 5.2 9.8 6.2 9.9 11.2 7.8 17.8 30.2 17.4 13.2 16.7 Paisley105 248425 664192 22.4 15.3 7.3 4.2 8.7 - 9.0 5.6 12.5 15.3 3.6 9.0 10.3 13.0 Paisley106 248477 664189 19.5 13.8 28.6 16.5 12.2 6.6 9.0 13.2 14.9 14.5 24.5 15.2 15.7 19.9
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 67 PUBLIC DT ID X OS Grid Ref (Easting) Y OS Grid Ref (Northing) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean: Raw Data Annual Mean: Annualised and Bias Adjusted (1.27) Annual Mean: Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure Comment Johnstone107 242503 663335 24.5 20.7 13.1 10.9 10.1 11.7 13.8 14.5 16.6 20.7 27.4 14.7 16.6 21.0 Paisley108 248355 664180 13.6 13.4 - - - - - - - - - - 13.5 -* ☒ All erroneous data has been removed from the NO2 diffusion tube dataset presented in Table B.1. ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% and >25% in line with LAQM.TG22. ☒ Local bias adjustment factor used. ☐ National bias adjustment factor used. ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column. ☒ Renfrewshire Council confirm that all 2024 diffusion tube data has been uploaded to the Diffusion Tube Data Entry System. Notes: * Annual mean results for these sites are invalid because only two months (January and February) were captured before the sites were decommissioned. Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40 µg/m3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60 µg/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualization.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 68 PUBLIC Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC New or Changed Sources Identified Within Renfrewshire Council During 2024 Renfrewshire Council has not identified any new sources relating to air quality within the reporting year of 2024. Additional Air Quality Works Undertaken by Renfrewshire Council During 2024 Renfrewshire Council has not completed any additional works within the reporting year of 2024. QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring The diffusion tubes for the reporting year of 2024 were supplied and analysed by Glasgow Scientific Services (GSS) using the 20% TEA in water preparation method. All results have been bias adjusted and annualised (where required) before being presented in Error! Reference source not found.. GSS is a UKAS accredited laboratory and participates in the AIR-PT Scheme (a continuation of the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP)) for NO2 tube analysis and the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise. These provide strict performance criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO2 concentrations reported are of a high calibre. The latest AIR-PT results were as follows: • AIR-PT AR049 (January – February 2022) – 100% • AIR-PT AR050 (May – June 2022) – 100% • AIR-PT AR052 (July – August 2022) – 100% • AIR-PT AR053 (September – October 2022) – 100%
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 69 PUBLIC • AIR-PT AR055 (January 2023 – February 2023) – 100% • AIR-PT AR056 (May – June 2023) – 100% • AIR-PT AR058 (July – August 2023) – 100% • AIR-PT AR059 (September – October 2023) – 100% • AIR PT AR062 (January – February 2024) – 75% • AIR PT AR063 (April – June 2024) – 100% • AIR PT AR065 (July – August 2024) – 100% • AIR PT AR066 (September – October 2024) – 100% • AIR PT AR068 (January – February 2025) – 100% Diffusion Tube Annualisation Two diffusion tube monitoring locations within Renfrewshire Council required annualisation as their data capture was less than 75% but greater than 25%: Paisley82 and Paisley94, details are provided in Table C.2. Eighteen diffusion tube monitoring locations recorded a data capture below 25% and therefore could not be annualised: Paisley19, Paisley21, Renfrew48, Renfrew52, Kilbarchan61, Paisley63, Kilbarchan65, Kilbarchan66, Kilbarchan67, Renfrew70, Renfrew71, Paisley78, Paisley80, Pailsey89, Lochwin92, Lochwin93, Paisley96 and Paisley108. These tubes were all decommissioned in March 2024. The remainder of the sites recorded a data capture greater than 75% and therefore did not require annualisation. Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Renfrewshire Council have applied a local bias adjustment factor of 1.27 to the 2024 monitoring data. A summary of bias adjustment factors used by Renfrewshire Council over the past five years is presented in Table C.1. The 2024 national bias adjustment factor was taken from the National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet (version 04/25) which reports one study analysed by Glasgow Scientific Services in 2024 to give a national bias adjustment factor of 0.82. Both automatic monitoring locations with co-located diffusion tubes recorded an overall data capture of <90% in 2024. As per the Defra Diffusion Tube Data Processing Tool v5.3, this is determined as ‘Poor Overall Data Capture’ and warns that the local bias adjustment factor should be treated with caution. The data from the Cockel’s Loan automatic monitoring site was disregarded in the local bias calculations because of its very low data
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 70 PUBLIC capture (65.2%). However the data from Renfrew Inchinnan Road was considered suitable to use, this site alone gave a local bias adjustment factor of 1.27. Following the LAQM.TG(22) guidance, the usual procedure would be to apply the national bias adjustment factor of 0.82 to 2024 monitoring data. However, due to the large disparity between the local and national factors, and because the overall data capture of the Inchinnan Road automatic monitoring site was just 0.1% under the ‘Good Overall Data Capture’ threshold, the same procedure as in the 2024 APR was adopted. Prior to the publication of the previous APR, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) were contacted in order to provide additional guidance for which bias adjustment factor would be best to use, as a similar issue occurred. SEPA recommended using the local adjustment factor, as it was much larger than the national adjustment factor and was considered to provide a more conservative, worst-case approach; this was consistent with the Council’s previous years’ choice of bias adjustment factors. Bias adjustment was carried out using the Defra Diffusion Tube Data Processing Tool v5.3 (https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/air-quality/air-quality-assessment/diffusion-tube-data- processing-tool/). Table C.1 – Bias Adjustment Factor Year Local or National If National, Version of National Spreadsheet Adjustment Factor 2024 Local - 1.27 2023 Local - 1.31 2022 Local - 1.06 2021 National 03/22 1.12 2020 Local - 1.20 NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road No diffusion tube NO2 monitoring locations within Renfrewshire Council required distance correction during 2024.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 71 PUBLIC QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring Automatic monitoring of NOX, PM10 and PM2.5 is completed within Renfrewshire using Chemiluminescence (NOX) and FIDAS 2000 (PM2.5 and PM10) analysers. Local Site Operator (LSO) duties are carried out by an Officer from Renfrewshire Council on a monthly basis. Automatic monitoring data is available on the Scottish Air Quality website (https://www.scottishairquality.scot/) both in real-time and following ratification by Ricardo Energy and Environment to AURN standards. The continuous monitoring sites are audited every six monthly by Ricardo and are serviced every six months by ACOEM who maintain the Service and Maintenance Contract. REN1 and REN03 NO2/NOx monitors are visited and calibrated once a month by an LSO from Renfrewshire Council and reports from these calibrations are sent to Ricardo to use in the QA/QC process. PM10 and PM2.5 Monitoring Adjustment PM10 and PM2.5 data have been corrected in line with the Scottish Government Guidance Note in relation to the measurement of ambient Particulate Matter (PM) and the LAQM reporting of measured concentrations, issued in May 2023. PM10 data have been corrected by dividing the ratified data by 0.909. PM2.5 data have been corrected by multiplying the ratified data by 1.06. Both the corrected and uncorrected values have been reported for completeness, as per the Scottish Government Guidance Note. Automatic Monitoring Annualisation One automatic monitoring location within Renfrewshire Council required annualisation as its data capture was less than 75% but greater than 25%: Ren1- Cockels Loan, details are provided in Table C.2. NO2 Fall-off with Distance from the Road No automatic NO2 monitoring locations within Renfrewshire Council required distance correction during 2024.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 72 PUBLIC Table C.2 – Automatic and Non-Automatic Annualisation Summary (concentrations presented in µg/m3) Site ID Annualisation Factor Glasgow Townhead Annualisation Factor Falkirk Grangemouth MC Annualisation Factor Annualisation Factor Average Annualisation Factor Raw Data Annual Mean Annualised Annual Mean Comments Ren1 1.024 1.058 - - 1.041 16.8 17.5 Paisley82 0.9891 1.0053 - - 0.9972 17.0 16.9 Paisley94 0.8437 0.9059 - - 0.8748 9.4 8.3 Table C.3 – Local Bias Adjustment Calculations Local Bias Adjustment Input 1 Inchinnan Road Local Bias Adjustment Input 2 Renfrew Cockels Loan Local Bias Adjustment Input 3 Local Bias Adjustment Input 4 Local Bias Adjustment Input 5 Periods used to calculate bias 10 4 Bias Factor A 1.27 (1.01 – 1.69) 0.83 (0.72 – 0.98) Bias Factor B -21% (-41% - -1%) 21% (2% - 39%) Diffusion Tube Mean (µg/m3) 14.7 21.8 Mean CV (Precision) 6.0% 6.5% Automatic Mean (µg/m3) 18.6 18.1 Data Capture 97% 100% Adjusted Tube Mean (µg/m3) 19 (15 – 25) 18 (16 – 21) Notes: Local bias adjustment input 2 (Renfrew Cockels Loan) has been disregarded due to a very poor diffusion tube data capture (65.2%) so a single local bias adjustment factor (Inchinnan Road) has been used to bias adjust the 2024 diffusion tube results. The data capture was also ‘poor’ (<90%) for Inchinnan Road but was still deemed representative. The data capture for Inchinnan Road was 89.9%.
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 73 PUBLIC Glossary of Terms Abbreviation Description AMIDS Advanced Manufacturing Innovation District Scotland South APR Annual Progress Report AQA Air Quality Assessment AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the LA intends to achieve air quality limit values’ AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives AQO Air Quality Objective AURN Automatic Urban and Rural Network (UK air quality monitoring network) CWRR Clyde Waterfront & Renfrew Riverside DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England DT Diffusion Tube EV Electric Vehicle FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System GAIA Glasgow Airport Investment Area GSS Glasgow Scientific Services HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle JHS Johnstone High Street LA Local Authority LAQM Local Air Quality Management LDP Local Development Plan
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 74 PUBLIC LHEEDP Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Delivery Plan LHEES Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy LSO Local Site Operator LTS Local Transport Strategy NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NOX Nitrogen Oxides PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less PTC Paisley Town Centre QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control REN1 Renfrew Cockels Loan REN02 Renfrewshire Johnstone REN03 Renfrew Inchinnan Road RTC Renfrew Town Centre SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency SFT Scottish Futures Trust SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPT Strathclyde Partnership for Transport TEA Triethanolamine UTC Urban Traffic Control VRP Vehicle Replacement Programme WASP Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
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LAQM Annual Progress Report 2025 75 PUBLIC References Air Quality in Scotland website (2024 Monitoring data), available at http://www.scottishairquality.co.uk/ AIR-PT-Rounds 49 to 68 (January 2022 to February 2025) available at https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion-tubes/qa-qc-framework/ AMIDS South - https://www.renfrewshire.gov.uk/article/13472/Advanced-Manufacturing- Innovation-District-Scotland-AMIDS-South-Compulsory-Purchase-Order-2023 Defra LAQM helpdesk – https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/ Diffusion Tube Data Processing Tool v5.3 available at https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/air- quality/air-quality-assessment/diffusion-tube-data-processing-tool/ Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(S)23. April 2023. Published by the Scottish Government. Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(22). August 2022. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland. National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet version 04/25 available at https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/air-quality/air-quality-assessment/national-bias/ Renfrewshire Air Quality Action Plan 2019. Renfrewshire Air Quality Action Plan 2024 Renfrewshire Council (2020-2024) Annual Progress Reports. Scottish Government Guidance Note (May 2023) available at https://www.scottishairquality.scot/sites/default/files/publications/2023- 05/Scottish_Government_Guidance_Note_LAQM_Reporting_of_Scottish_PM_data_v0.1. pdf