Oakshaw Steeple and Weathervane Restoration Works
Renfrewshire Council · 12 June 2025
Back to Finance, Resources and Customer Services Policy Board — 12 June 2025 and its agenda
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To: Finance, Resources and Customer Services Policy Board On: 12 June 2025 Report by: Chief Executive Heading: Update on Oakshaw Trinity steeple and weathervane 1. Summary 1.1 The purpose of this report is to provide an update on the condition, recent conservation works, and future restoration requirements of the steeple and weathervane at Oakshaw Trinity Church in Paisley. It also seeks approval from the Finance, Resources, and Customer Services Policy Board to allocate funds from the Paisley Common Good Fund for urgent repairs at the steeple and the reinstatement of the weathervane. 2. Recommendations 2.1 It is recommended that members of the Finance, Resources and Customer Services Policy Board: (i) Note the contents of this report; (ii) Authorises the Head of Economy and Development to issue a tender for urgent repairs and reinstatement works at the Oakshaw Trinity Church in Paisley; (iii) Authorises £260,000 for the works to be funded from the Paisley Common Good fund.
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3. Background 3.1 Oakshaw Trinity Church, formerly known as the High Church, is a historically and architecturally significant building in Paisley. First established in the mid- 18th century on Oakshaw Hill, the church’s steeple, tower, and associated features form a defining part of the town’s skyline. The church is located in a Conservation Area (designated in 1975 and upgraded to Outstanding Status in 1981). 3.2 Following the 1994 unification of four congregations, the building underwent refurbishments in 1995 and 1997. Despite these extensive previous repairs to the church and steeple—including full scaffolding, the installation of stone indents, and a stainless steel crosstree to stabilise the weathervane—by 2021 the steeple had once again deteriorated. Issues included a misaligned weathervane, missing pointing, vegetation growth, timber decay, cracked stone indents, and documented water ingress. 4. Weathervane removal 4.1 By 2022, there were growing concerns that the church weathervane could detach from the building and pose a health and safety risk. Officers therefore decided to undertake urgent repairs, using £50,000 from the Scottish Government’s Town Centre Fund and a further £22,700 from the Paisley Common Good Fund. 4.2 Officers developed a detailed plan to safely remove the weathervane and the upper stonework of the steeple due to structural concerns. This included the installation of a temporary lead cap, repointing of open joints, and the removal of a waterproofing membrane and internal gutters. Listed Building Consent was obtained for the temporary (two-year) removal. Specialist steeplejack contractors were invited to tender, with Pendrich Height Services Ltd ultimately appointed. Initial works began in February 2023 but were delayed due to weather and the unexpected discovery of concrete infill, which complicated access and removal. 4.3 As work progressed, significant structural deterioration was uncovered, including extensive timber rot and dampness behind the membrane. Cantilevered scaffolding was erected by late March 2023, and preparations were made for the safe dismantling of the weathervane. In April, the architectural team inspected the weathervane at close range, documenting historic details such as copper markings indicating it was manufactured in 1929 by D.M. Strachan of Paisley. It became evident that the internal steel support rod was heavily corroded and had previously been altered. A scaffold-mounted hoist and crane were used to carefully lower the weathervane and capping stone to ground level in May 2023. The weathervane was boxed and stored at Renfrewshire House.
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4.4 In the weeks that followed, the top four stone courses were photographed, numbered, and stored, though efforts to remove the 1929 concrete backing proved damaging and were discontinued. As a result, some original steel components and internal crosstrees remained in place. By June 2023, a protective lead cap had been installed over the truncated steeple, and by mid- August, scaffolding was dismantled. Temporary plywood sheeting was also installed to protect two vulnerable windows. Snagging and final site clean-up were completed by October 2023, concluding the first major phase of the steeple’s conservation. 5. Trial pit findings 5.1 During the initial phase of the steeple works, ponding of rainwater was observed near the base of the steeple on the east side, raising concerns about the condition of the underground drainage system. After an initial CCTV survey was aborted due to equipment failure, a second survey indicated a possible collapse or blockage in the eastern drainage pipe. As a result, three trial pits were excavated to investigate further, and the contractor was instructed to repair the defective pipe. 5.2 The trial pits, excavated to the depth of the steeple's foundations, revealed variable ground conditions, with gravelly clay particularly concentrated on the east side, where structural movement had occurred. The structural engineer attributed this movement to differential settlement caused by localised soft spots in the substrate. Further site investigation was recommended to determine the depth of competent natural ground and to inform an appropriate foundation strengthening solution, such as underpinning or mini piling. 5.3 Additionally, the cracking observed in newly installed sandstone indents was attributed not only to ongoing structural movement but also to the inadequate thickness of the stones used during earlier repairs. A damaged section of the underground drainage was replaced as part of the remedial works. 5.4 It should be noted that any additional works arising from the trial pit findings will not be covered under the funding request outlined in this paper. Additional funding would be required at a later date to cover these works. 6. Repair Recommendations and Cost Estimate: 6.1 A detailed reinstatement strategy has been proposed, involving the removal of all existing metalwork inside the steeple, including two crosstrees and rods, through coring and extraction. This will require cantilevered scaffolding capable of supporting hoisting equipment. New stainless-steel components will be fabricated, including a two-stage crosstree and a 4890mm vertical rod to support the restored weathervane. The copper weathervane elements, currently in storage, will undergo individual repair and reassembly. This will include structural reinforcement, cleaning, and selective re-manufacture of damaged components, while preserving historical features such as the original 1929 plaque.
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6.2 Stonework repairs will include the reinstatement of the top four stone courses and capping stone using lime mortar, with approximately 20% replacement stone required. Several decayed timber-framed windows and oculi must be replaced with high-quality, bead-glazed hardwood units. These will be pre- decorated and sealed with high-performance mastic to reduce future maintenance needs. Arched-head windows and louvres at the bell stage will also be refurbished or replaced. Scaffolding will assist in the installation of heavier items such as windows, and access must be maintained for ongoing maintenance. 6.3 Additional works include the refurbishment of timber elements, removal of corroded iron fixings in the stonework, and re-pointing of up to 30% of joints above the lowest balustraded balcony. The lightning protection system will require adjustment to accommodate the restored weathervane without compromising the new copperwork. Cost estimates, prepared in consultation with specialist contractors as of August 2024, suggest the above works will cost approximately £221,000. Given current market volatility, officers have applied a 20% contingency, resulting in a total funding request of £260,000 from the Paisley Common Good Fund. The fund allocation is indicative because the projected costs are estimates and represents the maximum that will be requested from the Fund. Only actual costs incurred will be charged to the Common Good Fund. Discussions with the Council’s Finance team have confirmed that there are sufficient cash balances in the Paisley Common Good account to fund these works without the need to liquidate investments. 6.4 To try and reduce the ask of the Common Good Fund, officers will submit a funding application to Historic Environment Scotland (HES), seeking to cover up to 25% of the total cost. 6.5 A copy of the conservation architect’s report on the initial and future repair works is provided in Appendix 1. 7. Next steps 7.1 Subject to approval from this Board to use monies from the Paisley Common Good Fund for the repair and reinstatement works, the following steps are proposed: An Expression of Interest application will be submitted to Historic Environment Scotland (HES) for partial funding of the works. If successful, a full funding application will follow. It is noted that the HES approval process can take up to a year before final confirmation of funding. Once funding for the works has been secured, officers will undertake a procurement exercise to appoint a contractor to carry out the works. Further updates on progress will be provided to the relevant Council boards in due course. Implications of the Report 1. Financial – The cost of the required works (including contingency) are
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estimated at £260k, with approval sought for this cost to be funded from cash balances held within the Paisley Common Good Fund. This ask from the fund may reduce if part-funding application to HES is successful. 2. HR & Organisational Development – None. 3. Community/Council Planning – None arising directly from this report. 4. Legal – The Council are responsible for repair works at the Steeple. 5. Property/Assets – The steeple is currently maintained by Renfrewshire Council as part of the wider portfolio and public building repairs. 6. Information Technology – None. 7. Equality & Human Rights – The recommendations contained within this report have been assessed in relation to their impact on equalities and human rights. No negative impacts on equality groups or potential for infringement of individuals’ human rights have been identified arising from the recommendations contained in the report. If required following implementation, the actual impact of the recommendations and the mitigating actions will be reviewed and monitored, and the results of the assessment will be published on the Council’s website. 8. Health & Safety – All improvements are managed and maintained to comply with Health and Safety legislation with guidance given by Corporate Health and Safety. 9. Procurement – Required works will be contracted under an appropriate framework for the works proposed. 10. Risk – If no works are undertaken, the issues identified at the building will continue to deteriorate, leading to increased repair costs over time. 11. Privacy Impact – None. 12. Climate Change – None. 13. Children’s Rights – None 14. COSLA Policy Position – None. List of Background Papers – None. Appendices – Oakshaw Trinity Church, Paisley Steeple Repair works – First Phase Report Author: Euan Shearer – Regeneration and Place Manager Email: euan.shearer@renfrewshire.gov.uk
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MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS PLAN APRIL 2024 OAKSHAW TRINITY CHURCH, PAISLEY STEEPLE REPAIR WORKS - FIRST PHASE REPORT
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Oakshaw Trinity Church, Paisley, Renfrewshire INTRODUCTION If Paisley is synonymous with weaving and the manufacture of cotton thread, its origins lie instead in the establishment of a Cluniac priory on the east bank of the White Cart Water in 1163. Walter FitzAlan, High Steward of Scotland, secured a charter from Malcolm IV of Scotland to lay the foundations of what has been better known since 1218 as Paisley Abbey. A burgh of barony from 1488, the town developed modestly in crossroads format on the opposite bank of the river, as the church itself was periodically enlarged until finally cruciform on plan. By the close of the C18, however, the town was an industrial and commercial rather than ecclesiastical powerhouse with as many as 132 thread mills and in excess of 6,800 looms in recorded use. As a mark of this population expansion, there were by 1801 three major churches augmenting the work of the abbey (which was only just being rebuilt after having fallen into ruin) - the Laigh (Low), Middle and High Kirks. The 1736 Laigh Church (now re-energised Paisley Arts Centre) provided an early burial ground for merchants and manufacturers; further north, the Middle Church was a relatively plain preaching box, while most northerly of all, and on higher ground, John White’s obelisk-steepled High Church (1750-56) commanded views of the surrounding countryside. The site for the High Church had all the advantages of elevation, sitting on a flat plateau atop the gentle rise of Oakshaw Hill, where it is thought that there may have once been a Roman encampment (or port). Oakshaw was developed mainly from 1754 onwards, with the High Church one of the earliest buildings. It was initially erected without a steeple to designs by Baillie John Whyte, (or White) who a few years later added the five-stage tower, and so enjoyed the end result that he replicated many of the same details (including the clock stage and spire) on the Tolbooth of 1757 (now demolished). Taken together with the crown spire of the former Thomas Coats Memorial Baptist Church (1894), the lead-capped pudding bowl dome of the former Neilson Institute (1849), and the elegant little Coats Observatory (1884), the church steeple combines to create one of the most distinctive and widely visible silhouettes in Renfrewshire. Oakshaw was designated a Conservation Area in 1975 and upgraded to Outstanding Status in 1981. STEEPLE REPAIR WORKS - FIRST PHASE REPORT 1
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The church itself is symmetrical, built of diagonally-droved ashlar with pronounced quoins and with a slated pavilion-type roof. The interior, remodelled by local firm Rennison and Scott in 1876, has a spectacular ribbed and coffered plaster ceiling and is galleried on three sides. The tower, at the foot of which is the vestry, was built against the south front, and features the same droved ashlar and rusticated in-and-out quoins. It is nearly (but not quite) square. The grand arched entrance at its foot provides access to the modestly- sized vestry, while on the east, an iron-framed opening gives access to an internal stair. There is a Venetian window with blind sidelights that corresponds to the organ blower, keystoned round-arched windows that denote the main level (from which there is access to the interior and exterior of the church roof), octagonal clock faces in aediculed surrounds, a balustraded balcony encircling the bell stage (with louvred inserts centred on four Palladian openings), and then a further balustraded balcony that accommodates the change on plan from square to octagonal. The spire follows, with three tiers of oval openings, some of which are glazed, and a magnificent weathervane. In 1994, the congregation of the High Church came together with those of the Orr Square Church of Scotland, St. John’s Church of Scotland, and the Paisley Congregational Church to create Oakshaw Trinity Church (the merger being commemorated in a stained glass window by John K Clark in 1996). The former High Church became the centre for worship and was accordingly repaired and refurbished in 1995 and 1997. Prior to this, there had been no windows in the steeple, no louvres to the bell stage, and the interior was coated in guano. Despite extensive repairs to church and steeple, including full scaffolding, stone indents and the installation of a stainless steel crosstree to restrain the weathervane, by 2021 the steeple was once again in need of repair, with the weathervane off-kilter, areas of missing pointing, plant growth, timber decay, cracked indents and known areas of water ingress. 2
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WEATHERVANE REMOVAL By end 2022, with the assistance of Renfrewshire Council’s in-house engineers and the church officer, the conservation architect and structural engineer had carried out surveys and devised a strategy for temporarily removing the weathervane and upper courses of stonework to a sound base. A specification was drawn up that included the temporary capping of the truncated steeple in lead, and the pointing of open joints, along with the removal of a waterproofing membrane and internal gutters that had been installed to reduce water ingress to the interior of the steeple. Listed Building Consent was received to remove the weathervane on a temporary (two-year) basis. Tenders were sought from four companies with steeplejack expertise who were asked to demonstrate their familiarity with similar work and to submit a methodology for accessing the weathervane and removing it in as few sections as possible. Also included in the schedule of works was a CCTV survey of drains at the foot of the steeple since the evident movement in the south-east corner of the tower was of concern to the structural engineer. The successful contractor, Pendrich Height Services Ltd, was engaged to carry out the work over a six-week contract (which in the event extended to six months due in large part to weather conditions and the discovery of significant amounts of concrete in the spire). 3
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SECTION THRO' UPPER STEEPLEOAKSHAW TRINITY CHURCH, PAISLEY 1:100 @ A2 FJS notesproject title scale date drawn by number OAKSHAW TRINITY CHURCH, PAISLEY, RENFREWSHIRE SECTION THRO' UPPER STEEPLE STAGES SEP 2022 OAKSHAW/22/101A tel: 0141-357-3553! fax: 0141-357-3556! e-mail: firemaster27@btconnect.com fiona sinclair architect! 48 Keith Court! Glasgow! G11 6QW 10 2 3 4 5m DO NOT SCALE FROM DRAWING AMENDMENT A: NOTES ADDED ON CAPPING STONE IN SECTIONS: MAXIIMUM LOWERABLE WEIGHT OF WEATHERVANE OCT 2022 SECTION THRO' STEEPLE STAGES LOOKING EAST APPROX 10530mm TO FIRST MAIN STAGE 5,693mm 2,676mm 3,384mm 6,347mm 4,141mm 3,636mm 3,545mm 1,115mm INTERNALLY: REMOVE ALL FOIL BACKED STUDDED WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE FROM STONEWORK, INCLUDING ALL PLASTIC STUDS FINIAL WILL PROBABLY SEPARATE AT THIS POINT FINIAL WILL PROBABLY SEPARATE AT THIS POINT CAREFULLY DISMANTLE CAPPING STONES AND UPPER 5 NO. COURSES OF STONEWORK AND STORE SAFELY: NOTE THAT CAPPING STONE IS IN PIECES HELD TOGETHER BY A METAL BAND CAP OPEN TOP TO STEEPLE IN CODE 8 LEAD ON 25MM EXTERIOR GRADE PLYWOOD ON 125 x 50MM TREATED SOFTWOOD FRAMEWORK BOLTED TO INTERIOR OF STONEWORK: ALL LEADWORK TO BE FULLY CLIPPED EXTERNALLY: REMOVE ALL TREE AND PLANT GROWTH FROM ALL JOINTS IN STONEWORK, POINT OPEN JOINTS IN LIME MORTAR AND RENEW MASTIC AROUND ALL OCULI AND WINDOWS/FIXED LIGHTS EXTENT OF SCAFFOLDING CROSSTREE CROSSTREE CONTRACTOR TO ADVISE ON MAXIMUM WEIGHT THAT CAN BE SAFELY LOWERED TO GROUND/BASE OF SCAFFOLDING 4
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Work began on 27 February 2023, with the contractor permitted use of the vestry as a site facility. The programme became protracted due to the need to have the design proposals for the cantilevered scaffolding scrutinised by the structural engineer, but an immediate start was made on protection inside and out and the removal of the studded waterproofing membrane (behind which the stonework was found to be very damp). It also became apparent that the window and oculi timbers were badly rotted due to the exposed location of the building. Weather was unremittingly poor, but cantilevered scaffolding began on 21 March 2023 at the higher of the two balustraded balconies (onto which there is access from one of the arched- head windows). Pointing samples were prepared and stainless-steel cramps ordered for the balustrades at both balcony levels. Renfrewshire Council advised that the dismantled weathervane could be stored safely in a nearby facility once it was brought to ground level. On 27 April 2023, the architect and structural engineer were given access to the weathervane. Of interest were mason’s marks on the stonework as well as lettering on the copper shroud to the weathervane that recorded its manufacture in May 1929 by D M Strachan of 7 Marshall’s Lane in Paisley. Also evident was the relative fragility of the crown, the displacement of some of the features, and bolting of the shroud to an octagonal steel frame that had been infilled with concrete. The weathervane was photographed and loosely dimensioned and a strategy tested for lifting it using a scaffold-mounted hoist. It became clear that the steel rod around which the copper components were fitted was badly corroded, and that the weathervane had been lengthened close to the top to allow for repairs in the past. 6
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On 18 May 2023 the weathervane was lifted to ground by a crane, the various parts swaddled, and the stone capping piece (one half of which still displayed the original mason’s name of William Hart) brought down also. Over the following few weeks, the upper courses of the steeple were numbered and photographed, freed from their concrete backing, and stacked on palettes next to the church. Work was stopped once it became clear that the removal of the concrete (probably dating to 1929) was unnecessarily destructive. As a result, the remainder of the steel rod was left in place, as were both internal crosstrees. By end June 2023 a lead cap had been installed to protect the steeple top, and by mid-August the scaffolding had been dismantled and four courses of stone stacked and stored. The snagging was practically complete by end October 2023. As a further temporary measure, two of the windows in the steeple were protected externally by plywood sheeting since there were concerns that the glazing might loosen. TRIAL PIT FINDINGS As work was being completed on the first phase of the steeple works it was noted that rainwater was ponding in the car park gravel to the east side, close to the door at the foot of the steeple staircase. With the first CCTV survey aborted due to damage to the equipment, the route of drains was at this stage unknown, although there was an expectation that the rainwater from the church discharged south towards Church Hill. A second CCTV survey suggested that there was a blockage or collapse in the underground drainage pipe to the east, and since it was unclear for how long the drain had been defective (and whether this was the cause of the settlement at the south-east corner), the structural engineer organised three trial pits around the steeple base. The contractor for this work was also requested to repair the (anticipated) collapsed pipe. The trial pits, which were hand dug to the depth of the existing steeple foundations, revealed the ground to be variable in nature, and including gravelly clay. The substrate varied from one side of the steeple to the other (the granular material being concentrated to the east, where movement had occurred). The 7
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structural engineer concluded that differential settlement had taken place due to localised soft spots on the east side and recommended that a more intrusive site investigation was required to determine the depth of the competent natural material and to allow a suitable foundation improvement solution to be implemented, such as underpinning, mini piling/screw piles or ground injection techniques. It was also concluded that the cracking of new sandstone indents to the steeple was likely caused by ongoing movement but also by the relative thinness of the stone used at the time of the previous restoration. A short length of underground drainpipe that was defective was replaced. REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS A reinstatement strategy has been developed by the structural engineer, requiring that the remaining steel rod, the original crosstree, and the stainless-steel rod with its more more recent crosstree all be removed by coring down from the top, as well as extracting the parts from the underside. Any remaining holes left after the removal of internal bolts will be pointed in lime mortar. To carry out this work, cantilevered scaffolding will be required once again, assembled from the top balustraded balcony upwards and capable of carrying a hoist for lifting the lead and plywood on the temporary cap off and down, and lifting the stone courses back up. New two-stage crosstrees in stainless-steel will be required and a new stainless-steel rod running the height of the weathervane will need to be manufactured: this will be approximately 4890mm high above the top of the capping stone. The copper components of the weathervane, currently in storage, will require 9
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to be individually cleaned and repaired with stainless steel sleeves made to secure them in place in the correct order. From top to bottom, this will entail careful repairs to the fragile crown and ball; probable re- manufacture of a short shroud (rivetted in place); cleaning and straightening of the vane (it is not clear if this is meant to rotate); repairs to three bulbous shrouds (originally stiffened with timber, and one of which is damaged, having split in the past and then sealed with mastic); cleaning of the cardinal points and re- manufacture of the bottom shroud, retaining and re-fixing in place the plaque from 1929 and including a new plaque bearing the date of the repairs. A new stainless-steel baseplate bolted onto the capping stone will be needed to match the original (now cut into pieces) and a framework will be needed to stiffen the shroud, which should be rivetted shut. The shroud may have to be re-designed for installation on-site, but ideally the remaining parts should be assembled and secured to the rod in advance of its re-installation. Since the crane used to lift the weathervane clear of the steeple was working at full stretch and did not have to lift the inner rod out, a larger crane will be needed to lift the assembly back in place. In advance of this work, the upper four courses of 300mm high stone and the capping stone (all numbered and lettered and stored at ground level), will require to be reinstated using lime mortar and dowelled and cramped together on a level-by-level basis. Approximately 20% new stone will be required. Two new high-level oculi - glazed and with curved hardwood frames (approx. 580mm wide x 760mm high) - will be required to replace the existing that have decayed. These should be bead-glazed rather than fitted with polycarbonate (with beads on the inside) and offered up from inside. These will need to be decorated in advance and pointed with a high-performance mastic rather than traditional sand mastic. The existing two louvred oculi (which are metal) should be refurbished, re-decorated and new mastic pointing applied. Four new mid-level oculi - glazed and with curved hardwood frames (approx. 800mm wide x 1095mm high) - will be required to replace the existing that have decayed. These should be bead-glazed rather than fitted with polycarbonate (with beads on the inside) and offered up from the inside. These will need to be decorated in advance and pointed with a high-performance mastic rather than traditional sand mastic. Four new arched-head windows - glazed and with hardwood frames and astragals (approx. 1030mm wide x 2490mm high) - will be required to replace the existing that have decayed: these could possibly be hoisted up while there is a scaffolding in place, but fitted after it has been dismantled. One of these (on the east) should open using Simplex fittings for continued access to the higher balustraded balcony. The windows will need to be decorated in advance (factory-finish) and pointed with a high-performance mastic rather than traditional sand mastic (for health and safety reasons – re-pointing, should the mastic fail, cannot be done without localised scaffolding off the balcony). At the level of the lower balustraded balcony, the louvres to the four faces of the bell stage need refurbishment (the lowest lengths need replaced) and the timbers should be re-decorated, and the mastic replaced. The small access door currently operates but needs decoration and new mastic pointing. There are several iron inclusions in the stonework that will require to be cored out and pointed up. Furthermore, it would be prudent to allow for an additional 30% re-pointing of joints to the steeple from the lowest balustraded balcony upwards. The lightning protection will require to be adjusted once the weathervane is in place and should not be allowed to damage the refurbished copper. 10
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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Front cover - Weathervane being brought to ground on 18 May 2023, revealing overall height of the assemblage. Inside front cover - To avoid on-site cutting of the weathervane a long-reach crane was required. Page 1 - Aerial view taken in 2022 courtesy of Turkey Red Media. Page 2 -1880 drawing of the High Church from “Pictorial History of Paisley”; 2023 image before work commenced. Page 3 - Aerial view taken in 2022 courtesy of Turkey Red Media. Page 4 - Tender drawing for dismantling and removal of weathervane (Fiona Sinclair Architect). Page 5 - Preparatory work to establish previous repairs to weathervane; fragility of copper crown. Page 6 - Crane at full stretch to lift weathervane free on 18 May 2023; iron rod, probably dating to 1929. Page 7 - Concrete fill around rod, exposed during dismantling works; settlement at the south-east corner of the steeple is clearly evident, as are cracks in new indents. Page 8 - Structural engineering proposals for reinstatement of weathervane (The Structural Partnership). Page 9 - Rotted astragals are evident to the principal windows; the new Code 8 lead cap to protect the steeple top. Page 12 - Getty image of weathervane (location and date unknown); 1929 coppersmith’s details on shroud; rotted oculi timber. Page 13 - Masons’ marks on steeple stonework; open joints to steeple, some of which are now re-pointed; copper crown in-situ (now safely in storage); steeple during works as seen from Paisley Gilmour Street Stration. Page 14 - The corrosion of the iron rod was extensive; mason’s mark on steeple capping stone. Page 15 - In addition to the crane, a hoist was required to lower stone debris to ground level. Back cover - The church and its steeple is an important landmark on the Paisley skyline. 14
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fiona sinclair architect 48 Keith Court Glasgow G11 6QW 0141-357-3553 firemaster27@btconnect.com with Langmuir + Hay and The Structural Partnership August 2024 15
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