Democracy Spraffa

Appendix 3 - Summary of Comments and Changes

Perth and Kinross Council · 20 September 2023
Back to Environment, Infrastructure and Economic Development Committee — 20 September 2023 and its agenda

Text extracted from the council's PDF. Layout and reading order may differ from the original.

Original council PDF · Download plain text

Page 1

1D==5AF ?: @D6<;7 7?>BD<C5C;?> 7?==9>CB
,;BC ?: &7A?>F=B%
7:J 7RUbVU\Ti :UfU\_`]U^d Jbecd
7> 7VV_bTQR\U >_ecY^W
7@I 7%@ IdU`XU^ BdT
89?I 8eY\TY^W 9_cd ?^V_b]QdY_^ IUbfYSU
<:99 <_cc_gQi Q^T :YcdbYSd 9_]]e^Ydi 9_e^SY\
=I8 =I 8b_g^ 9_^cdbeSdY_^ BdT
><I >_]Uc V_b IS_d\Q^T
B:F. FUbdX Q^T AY^b_cc B_SQ\ :UfU\_`]U^d F\Q^ . &.,-5'
B:F/ FUbdX Q^T AY^b_cc B_SQ\ :UfU\_`]U^d F\Q^ / &.,.3 J8:'
DF<0 DQdY_^Q\ F\Q^^Y^W <bQ]Ug_b[ 0 &.,./'
FA9 FUbdX Q^T AY^b_cc 9_e^SY\
H9B HYcd_\ 9_^ce\dY^W BY]YdUT
H?9I H_iQ\ ?^cdYdedU _V 9XQbdUbUT IebfUi_bc
IC; I]Q\\ Q^T CUTYe])cYjUT ;^dUb`bYcU
?ZXY]ZXYeVU eVie Z_UZTReVd _Vh `c R^V_UVU eVie
Appendix 3

Page 2

9_]]U^d 9_]]U^d
`b_fYTUT Ri
9_e^SY\oc bUc`_^cU 9XQ^WU d_ RU ]QTU
FQbd - :UfU\_`Ub 9_^dbYRedY_^c6 WU^UbQ\
<Y^Tc -,)iUQb edY\YcQdY_^ `UbY_T V_b
S_^dbYRedY_^c &`bY]Qbi UTeSQdY_^(
dbQ^c`_bd Y^VbQcdbeSdebU'
e^QSSU`dQR\U k ceWWUcdc dXYc cX_e\T
RU 1 iUQbc d_ `Qcc 9YbSe\Qb /+.,-.
dUcdc*
><I KYV .-*jVRc feZ]ZdReZ`_ aVcZ`U W`c eY`dV
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ aRj^V_ed Zd R ]`_X*deR_UZ_X
V]V^V_e `W eYV GB: UVgV]`aVc
T`_ecZSfeZ`_d a`]ZTj R_U Zd _`e R _Vh
WVRefcV SVZ_X T`_df]eVU fa`_+ 8 .-*jVRc
aVcZ`U Zd Raac`acZReV XZgV_ eYV _RefcV `W
<UfTReZ`_ ac`[VTed R_U eYV WZ_R_TZ_X `W
eYV^+
GB: T`_dZUVcd eYV aVcZ`U `W .- jVRcd e`
SV Raac`acZReV) :ZcTf]Rc 0,/-./ U`Vd _`e
acVdTcZSV R_j daVTZWZT aVcZ`U W`c eYV
feZ]ZdReZ`_ `W T`_ecZSfeZ`_ aRj^V_ed+
D\ QVO[US
HUaeUcdc dXU -.)]_^dX `UbY_T d_
S\QY] e^c`U^d S_^dbYRedY_^c &Qd
,*.1$ RU\_g 8Q^[ _V ;^W\Q^T RQcU
bQdU' Yc TU\UdUT* HUS_fUbi cX_e\T RU
e^bUcdbYSdUT Q^T gYdX_ed S_cd*
H9B GB: T`_dZUVc Ze _VTVddRcj e` decfTefcV eYV
ac`TVdd `W eYV cVT`gVcj `W f_daV_e
UVgV]`aVc T`_ecZSfeZ`_d+ KYZd ac`TVdd Zd R
]`_X*deR_UZ_X V]V^V_e `W eYV GB:
UVgV]`aVc T`_ecZSfeZ`_d a`]ZTj R_U Zd _`e R
_Vh WVRefcV SVZ_X T`_df]eVU fa`_+
@_eVcVde Zd aRjRS]V Sj GB: `_ R_ f_daV_e
T`_ecZSfeZ`_+ KYZd Zd `W SV_VWZe e` eYV
`cZXZ_R] T`_ecZSfe`c R_U _`e R T`de+ =`c
T]RcZej) eYZd Zd 9R_\ `W JT`e]R_U SRdV cReV+
KYVdV cVT`gVcj RccR_XV^V_ed ac`gZUV
TVceRZ_ej e` S`eY GB: R_U Raa]ZTR_ed+
KYV RUgZTV `_ eYV cV]VgR_e feZ]ZdReZ`_
aVcZ`U R_U cVT`gVcj ac`TVdd Zd ac`gZUVU)
Z_ hcZeZ_X) `_ cVTVZae `W VRTY T`_ecZSfeZ`_
^RUV e` GB:) R_U Zd R]d` deReVU hZeYZ_
R_j JVTeZ`_ 42 8XcVV^V_e+
@_ RUUZeZ`_ e` eYV ViZdeZ_X ^VRdfcVd)
`WWZTVcd RXcVV eYRe RUUZeZ`_R] >fZUR_TV
D\ QVO[US

Page 3

TR_ SV afS]ZdYVU `_ GB:od hVSdZeV e`
RddZde Raa]ZTR_ed hZeY eYRe ac`TVdd+
9_]]U^dc _^ FQbQWbQ`X /*. _V dXU
=eYTQ^SU( ^_dY^W dXQd dXU =eYTQ^SU
gY\\ ^_d RU Q``\YUT bUdb_c`USdYfU\i*
IeWWUcdc g_bTY^W Yc ^_d Y^)[UU`Y^W
gYdX 9YbSe\Qb /+.,-.( bUce\dY^W Y^ dXU
^UUT V_b I31Q Q``\YSQdY_^c Y^ _bTUb
d_ ]_TYVi S_^dbYRedY_^ \UfU\c*
7^_^i]_ec FWWZTVcd T`_dZUVc eYV daZcZe `W eYV
deReV^V_e Re GRcRXcRaY 0+/ _VTVddRcj Z_
`cUVc e` ac`gZUV TVceRZ_ej e` Raa]ZTR_ed
hYRe XfZUR_TV hZ]] Raa]j Re eYV a`Z_e `W
UVeVc^Z_ReZ`_ R_U Zed afca`dV Zd e` ac`eVTe
UVgV]`aVcd, Raa]ZTR_ed Wc`^ Z_TcVRdVd Z_
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cReVd+
FWWZTVcd cVT`X_ZdV R_ R^V_U^V_e Zd
cVbfZcVU e` T]RcZWj eYZd+
FO_OU_O]V .)- OZS[RSR O` T\YY\d`5
.)- JVS T\YY\dW[U ]_W[QW]YS` O]]Ye
a\ aVS O]]YWQOaW\[ \T aVW` =bWRO[QS5
q JVS =bWRO[QS dWYY PS O]]YWSR a\
`WaS` WRS[aWTWSR W[ aVS OR\]aSR B\QOY
:ScSY\]ZS[a FYO[ O[R ]YO[[W[U
O]]YWQOaW\[`6
q JVS =bWRO[QS dWYY [\a O]]Ye
_Sa_\`]SQaWcSYe a\ `WaS` dWaV TbYY \_
i?[ F_W[QW]YSj ]YO[[W[U Q\[`S[a ]_W\_
a\ SOQV _SYScO[a `SQaW\[ \T aVS
=bWRO[QS Q\ZW[U W[a\ STTSQa5
7TT\_ROPYS >\b`W[U &7bUb`a -++0'6
F_WZO_e ;RbQOaW\[ &COe -++4'6
7bQVaS_O_RS_ 74 @b[QaW\[ &7bUb`a
-++4'6 J_O[`]\_a ?[T_O`a_bQab_S
&7]_WY -+,/')
q JVS =bWRO[QS dWYY [\a PS
_Sa_\`]SQaWcSYe O]]YWSR a\ O[
O]]YWQOaW\[ OY_SORe `bPZWaaSR ]_W\_
a\ aVS =bWRO[QS PSW[U OR\]aSR(
dVS_S5
&W' aVOa d\bYR YSOR a\ O[
W[Q_SO`SR YScSY W[
Q\[a_WPbaW\[` PSW[U
O]]YWSR( \_
&WW' O Q\[`a_OW[a VO` OY_SORe
PSS[ WRS[aWTWSR dVWQV
ZOe W[ aVS OP`S[QS \T

Page 4

aVW` =bWRO[QS VOcS
_S`bYaSR W[ O
_SQ\ZZS[ROaW\[ \T
_STb`OY)
=YfUc `_cYdYfU S_]]U^d _^
FQbQWbQ`X /*. _V dXU =eYTQ^SU( dXQd
dXU =eYTQ^SU gY\\ ^_d RU Q``\YUT
bUdb_c`USdYfU\i*
><I 8d RS`gV 7` OP\cS
FQbd - :UfU\_`Ub 9_^dbYRedY_^c6 `bY]Qbi UTeSQdY_^
IeWWUcdc dXQd S_^dbYRedY_^c cX_e\T
_^\i RU bUaeYbUT gXUbU Q cSX__\ XQc
bUQSXUT -,,$ SQ`QSYdi( gYdX
S_W^YcQ^SU gXUbU cSX__\ b_\\c QbU Qd
SQ`QSYdi TeU d_ _dXUb YTU^dYVYUT
TUfU\_`]U^d* JXYc bUce\dc Y^ nQSdYfUo
TUfU\_`]U^dc RUY^W `U^Q\YcUT
gXUbU Q cSX__\ Yc ^_d QSdeQ\\i Qd
SQ`QSYdi*
><I KYZd Zd R ]`_X*deR_UZ_X V]V^V_e `W eYV GB:
UVgV]`aVc T`_ecZSfeZ`_d a`]ZTj R_U Zd _`e R
_Vh WVRefcV SVZ_X T`_df]eVU fa`_+ KYZd Zd
UVV^VU _VTVddRcj W`c GB:od <UfTReZ`_ %
:YZ]UcV_od JVcgZTVd ^R_RXV^V_e `W eYV
dTY``] VdeReV+
FWWZTVcd cVT`X_ZdV eYRe a]R__Z_X RfeY`cZeZVd
RTc`dd JT`e]R_U cVWVcV_TV UZWWVcV_e
TRaRTZej R_U hZ]] SV UVaV_UV_e `_ VRTY
]`TR] RfeY`cZejod `aVcReZ`_R] cVbfZcV^V_ed+
KYV >fZUR_TV cVT`X_ZdVd eYV _VVU W`c
W`chRcU a]R__Z_X 'GRcRXcRaY .+1(6
l@e Zd _VZeYVc dfdeRZ_RS]V _`c X``U a]R__Z_X
e` hRZe f_eZ] TRaRTZej Zd fdVU fa R_U eYV_
SVXZ_ e` cVT`X_ZdV R_U RUUcVdd eYV
ac`S]V^+ @e hZ]] SV _VTVddRcj e` R_R]jdV
TfccV_e TRaRTZej R_U WfefcV UV^R_U
^R\Z_X eYV d`]feZ`_ eYV T`]]VTeZgV
cVda`_dZSZ]Zej `W eYV :`f_TZ] R_U
UVgV]`aVcd `gVc eYV ]`_X eVc^+ KYZd
Raac`RTY Zd eYV ^`de VbfZeRS]V) dYRcZ_X
eYV T`de hZeY R]] UVgV]`a^V_e hYZTY a]RTVd
_Vh UV^R_U `_ Z_WcRdecfTefcV TRaRTZej)
cReYVc eYR_ a]RTZ_X R_ f_VT`_`^ZT SfcUV_
D\ QVO[US

Page 5

`_ R ]Z^ZeVU _f^SVc `W UVgV]`aVcd Z_ ]ReVc
jVRcd+m
:_Uc ^_d QWbUU gYdX ecU _V dXU 89?I
=U^UbQ\ 8eY\TY^W 9_cd ?^TUh TeU d_
bU\UfQ^SU( f_\QdY\Ydi( Q^T \QS[ _V
dbQ^c`QbU^Si &bUaeYbUc ceRcSbY`dY_^
VUU d_ H?9I' Q^T ceWWUcdc dXQd dXU
HUdQY\ FbYSU ?^TUh cX_e\T RU ecUT
Y^cdUQT*
IeWWUcdc dXQd Y^TUhQdY_^ cX_e\T ^_d
RU Q``\YUT d_ UfUbi S_^dbYRedY_^( Q^T
^_d ecUT V_b `bUfY_ec\i S_]]YddUT
`Qi]U^dc _b ReY\T S_^dbQSdc*
><I KYZd Zd R ]`_X*deR_UZ_X V]V^V_e `W eYV GB:
UVgV]`aVc T`_ecZSfeZ`_d a`]ZTj R_U Zd _`e R
_Vh WVRefcV SVZ_X T`_df]eVU fa`_+
KYV 9:@J Z_UVi Zd R ncVR] eZ^VocVT`cU `W
eYV T`_decfTeZ`_ ^Rc\Ve Re R_j ^`_eY]j
Z_eVcgR]+ :`_ecZSfeZ`_d RcV ]Z_\VU e` eYV
UV]ZgVcj `W Z_WcRdecfTefcV) eYVcVW`cV fdZ_X
eYV 9:@J Z_UVi cVW]VTed eYV T`_decfTeZ`_
T`ded `W eYVdV h`c\d+ NYVcVRd eYV LB
>`gVc_^V_e UVWZ_Vd IG@ Rd6 lR_ RgVcRXV
^VRdfcV `W TYR_XV Z_ eYV acZTVd `W X``Ud
R_U dVcgZTVd S`fXYe W`c eYV afca`dV `W
T`_df^aeZ`_ Sj eYV gRde ^R[`cZej `W
Y`fdVY`]Ud Z_ eYV LBm+ KYV LB
>`gVc_^V_e R]d` R__`f_TVU Z_ /-/- eYRe
IG@ hZ]] SV cVW`c^VU Sj /-0- R_U hZ]] SV
cVa]RTVU Sj eYV :`_df^Vc GcZTV @_UVi+
NYVcV eYVcV RcV R_j RTTVddZSZ]Zej ZddfVd
hZeY 9:@J Z_UVi WZXfcVd Z_ TR]Tf]ReZ_X
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ aRj^V_ed) GB: TR_ RddZde+
D\ QVO[US
FQbd - :UfU\_`Ub 9_^dbYRedY_^c6 dbQ^c`_bd Y^VbQcdbeSdebU
9_]]U^d bUWQbTY^W Y^cUbdY_^ Qd
FQbQWbQ`X 2*16 cUU[c S\QbYdi dXQd dXYc
Yc ^_d Q``\YSQR\U d_ TUfU\_`Ubc
_edgYdX IYdU CK3, FUbdX MUcd*
7@I :`_WZc^ eYRe eYV cVbfZcV^V_e cV]ReVd `_]j
e` C;G/ JZeV DL4-+
K]ROaS d\_RW[U5
g<\YY\dW[U O]]_\]_WOaS
O``S``ZS[a( ]_\]\_aW\[OaS
Q\[a_WPbaW\[` \_ ZWaWUOaW\[ dWYY PS
`\bUVa a\dO_R aVS W[T_O`a_bQab_S a\
PS RSYWcS_SR Pe FS_aV $ AW[_\``
9\b[QWY Oa B:F- IWaS CK2+ &FS_aV
MS`a'( W[QYbRW[U O[ 74 b[RS_]O``

Page 6

a\ ORR_S`` `WaS `ScS_O[QS) ;O_Ye
RW`Qb``W\[` O_S _SQ\ZZS[RSR a\
S`aOPYW`V `]SQWTWQ _S^bW_SZS[a`(
O[R dWYY O]]Ye a\ YO[R\d[S_`*
RScSY\]S_` dWaVW[ aVS IWaS CK2+
O_SO)h
ISS PSY\d)
GeUbYUc gXUdXUb dXUbU QbU
dY]UcSQ\Uc Q^T V_b]Qd V_b
nQ``b_`bYQdU QccUcc]U^do bUaeYbUT(
gYdX bUWQbTc d_ dXU Y^cUbdY_^ Qd
FQbQWbQ`X 2*1*
><I KYV h`cUZ_X Z_dVceVU Re GRcRXcRaY 3+2
RUgZdVd eYRe VRc]j UZdTfddZ`_d RcV
cVT`^^V_UVU e` VdeRS]ZdY eYV daVTZWZT
cVbfZcV^V_ed Wc`^ ac`a`dR]d hZeYZ_ eYV
DL4- RcVR+
KYV a]R__Z_X RfeY`cZej dec`_X]j RUg`TReVd
W`c acV*Raa]ZTReZ`_ RUgZTV, UZdTfddZ`_d
Wc`^ Raa]ZTR_ed+ @e Zd Z_eV_UVU eYRe
a`eV_eZR] Raa]ZTR_ed hZ]] eR\V RTT`f_e `W eYV
>fZUR_TV hYV_ acVaRcZ_X eYVZc ac`a`dR]d
R_U dVV\ RUgZTV `_ eYZd a`Z_e) acZ`c e` eYV
dfS^ZddZ`_ `W R_j a]R__Z_X Raa]ZTReZ`_+
<b_aVS_ b]ROaS a\ d\_RW[U5
g<\YY\dW[U O]]_\]_WOaS
O``S``ZS[a( ]_\]\_aW\[OaS
Q\[a_WPbaW\[` \_ ZWaWUOaW\[ dWYY PS
`\bUVa a\dO_R aVS W[T_O`a_bQab_S a\
PS RSYWcS_SR Pe FS_aV $ AW[_\``
9\b[QWY Oa B:F- IWaS CK2+ &FS_aV
MS`a'( W[QYbRW[U O[ 74 b[RS_]O``
a\ ORR_S`` `WaS `ScS_O[QS)
:W`Qb``W\[` dWaV aVS ]YO[[W[U
ObaV\_Wae( ]_W\_ a\ aVS `bPZW``W\[
\T O[e ]YO[[W[U O]]YWQOaW\[( O_S
`a_\[UYe _SQ\ZZS[RSR a\ S`aOPYW`V
`]SQWTWQ _S^bW_SZS[a`( O[R dWYY
_SYOaS a\ YO[R\d[S_`* RScSY\]S_`
dWaVW[ aVS IWaS CK2+ O_SO)h
HUVUbc d_ Y^cUbdY_^ Qd FQbQWbQ`X 2*1
Q^T bUaeUcdc dXQd dXU =eYTQ^SU
TbQgc _ed dXQd dXU `b_`_bdY_^QdU
S_^dbYRedY_^ Yc d_gQbTc dXU Ve\\
cS_`U( U\U]U^dc Q^T S_cd _V dXYc
Y^VbQcdbeSdebU*
H9B KYV ac`a`dVU Z_dVceZ`_ Re GRcRXcRaY 3+2
R]ZX_d hZeY C;G/ JZeV DL4- dZeV
cVbfZcV^V_ed R_U eYV ac`a`dVU h`cUZ_X Zd
T`_dZdeV_e hZeY eY`dV cVbfZcV^V_ed+ KYZd
V_dfcVd ac`a`dVU Z_WcRdecfTefcV Re eYV dZeV
cVWVcV_TVU Z_ eYV >fZUR_TV Zd T`_dZdeV_e
hZeY C;G/+
D\ QVO[US

Page 7

IeWWUcdc dXQd S_^dbYRedY_^ bQdUc
XQfU ^_d RUU^ QTUaeQdU\i ZecdYVYUT*
><I KYV KcR_da`ce @_WcRdecfTefcV UVgV]`aVc
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ hRd Z^a]V^V_eVU Sj GB: Z_
/-.1+
KcR_da`ce @_WcRdecfTefcV T`_ecZSfeZ`_d dVe
`fe Z_ dVTeZ`_ 3 `W eYV >fZUR_TV cV]ReV e`
eYV GVceY KcR_da`ce =fefcVd ac`[VTed) R]d`
ZUV_eZWZVU Z_ eYV RU`aeVU Jfaa]V^V_eRcj
>fZUR_TV+ E` TYR_XV Zd ac`a`dVU e` eYV
SRdZd `W eYRe T`_ecZSfeZ`_) `_]j R_ faUReV
e` cVW]VTe Z_TcVRdVU ac`[VTe T`ded dZ_TV eYV
]Rde T`ded Wc`^ /-.5,/-+
NZeY cVXRcUd e` eYV afca`dV `W eYZd
T`_ecZSfeZ`_) eYVdV Z_WcRdecfTefcV ac`[VTed
YRgV SVV_ UVV^VU _VTVddRcj Z_ `cUVc e`
RTT`^^`UReV _Vh UVgV]`a^V_e Z_ GVceY)
R_U eYV dfcc`f_UZ_X RcVR) R_U e` dfaa`ce
eYV ]`TR] UVgV]`a^V_e a]R_7 R
UVgV]`a^V_e V^SRcX` hRd VdeRS]ZdYVU
f_eZ] eYV :c`dd KRj CZ_\ I`RU 'GYRdV / `W
GVceY KcR_da`ce =fefcVd( hRd T`^^ZeeVU+
KYV UVgV]`aVc T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cReVd YRgV
SVV_ TR]Tf]ReVU `_ eYV SRdZd `W eY`dV e`eR]
ac`[VTe T`ded R_U eYV ^`UV]]Z_X `W ecRWWZT
Xc`heY Z_ eYRe RcVR e` VdeRS]ZdY R cV]VgR_e
ac`a`ceZ`_ReV T`_ecZSfeZ`_ Wc`^
UVgV]`a^V_e Z_ eYV RcVR+
D\ QVO[US
9_]]U^d bUWQbTY^W Y^cUbdY_^ Qd
FQbQWbQ`X 2*-46 cdQdUc dXQd e`TQdUc
d_ dXU =eYTQ^SU ]ecd RU S_^ce\dUT
_^*
><I KYV ac`a`dVU TYR_XV hZeYZ_ eYV UcRWe
>fZUR_TV hZ]] V_RS]V GB: e` fa]ZWe eYV
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cReVd Z_ ]Z_V hZeY eY`dV ac`[VTe
T`ded) hYZTY RcV afS]ZdYVU R_U cVa`ceVU
afS]ZT]j Sj GB:) R_U Zd ]Z^ZeVU e` eY`dV
ac`[VTed R]cVRUj ZUV_eZWZVU+
KYV ac`TVdd `W W`c^R]]j cVa`ceZ_X)
T`_df]eZ_X) R_U afS]ZdYZ_X R_ faUReVU
7ZS[RZS[a a\ FO_OU_O]V 1),35
gfJVS _OaS` `Sa \ba W[ aVW`
UbWRO[QS ZOe PS _ScWSdSR O[[bOYYe
a\ OQQ\b[a T\_ b]ROaSR ]_\XSQa
Q\`a` O[R dWYY PS ]bPYW`VSR \[ aVS
FA9 dSP`WaS)h

Page 8

Jfaa]V^V_eRcj >fZUR_TV U`Tf^V_e W`c
c`feZ_V fa]ZWe `W VdeRS]ZdYVU T`_ecZSfeZ`_d Zd
ViTVddZgV hYVcV eYV ^VeY`U`]`Xj W`c
TR]Tf]ReZ_X eYV T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cReV cV^RZ_d
f_TYR_XVU+
@e Zd ac`a`dVU eYRe T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cReVd eYRe
cVbfZcV e` SV c`feZ_V]j faUReVU) f_UVc eYV
dT`aV `W eYV >fZUR_TV) hZ]] SV afS]ZdYVU
`_ eYV GB: hVSdZeV Rd R_ R_TZ]]Rcj
faUReV) cReYVc eYR_ R TYR_XV e` eYV
RU`aeVU Jfaa]V^V_eRcj >fZUR_TV
U`Tf^V_e ZedV]W+ 8aa]ZTR_ed, UVgV]`aVcd hZ]]
SV RUgZdVU Rd e` hYV_ eY`dV cVgZdVU cReVd
hZ]] SVT`^V VWWVTeZgV+
9_]]U^dc dXQd dbQ^c`_bd _R\YWQdY_^c
cX_e\T RU VQYb Q^T `b_`_bdY_^QdU*
JbQ^c`_bd cX_e\T ^_d RU S_^cYTUbUT
cU`QbQdU d_ _dXUb S_^dbYRedY_^c Red
Y^S\eTUT Qc Q gX_\U d_ U^cebU
TUfU\_`]U^d fYQRY\Ydi*
><I KcR_da`ce @_WcRdecfTefcV UVgV]`aVc
T`_ecZSfeZ`_d dVe `fe Z_ dVTeZ`_ 3 `W eYV
>fZUR_TV cV]ReV e` eYV daVTZWZT ac`[VTed
ZUV_eZWZVU Z_ eYV >fZUR_TV Rd aRce `W eYV
GVceY KcR_da`ce =fefcVd Z^ac`gV^V_ed+
KY`dV T`_ecZSfeZ`_d hZ]] `_]j SV d`fXYe
Wc`^ bfR]ZWjZ_X UVgV]`a^V_e hZeYZ_ eYV
ZUV_eZWZVU RcVR+
JZeV*daVTZWZT ecR_da`ce ^ZeZXReZ`_ ^Rj SV
cVbfZcVU VZeYVc Z_ RUUZeZ`_ `c) `c Z_deVRU `W)
eYV T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cVbfZcV^V_ed `W dVTeZ`_ 3
`W eYV >fZUR_TV R_U hZ]] SV T`_dZUVcVU `_
R TRdV*Sj*TRdV SRdZd7 VRc]j acV*Raa]ZTReZ`_
RUgZTV Sj a`eV_eZR] Raa]ZTR_ed Zd eYVcVW`cV
RUgZdVU Z_ `cUVc e` VdeRS]ZdY a`eV_eZR]
cVbfZcV^V_ed `W UVgV]`a^V_e ac`a`dR]d+
D\ QVO[US
=U^UbQ\ ce``_bd6 Red bUaeUcdc
S_^cYTUbQdY_^ Y^d_ Uh`Q^cY_^ _V
TUVY^UT S_^dbYRedY_^c QbUQ d_ ce``_bd
<:99 KcR_da`ce @_WcRdecfTefcV UVgV]`aVc
T`_ecZSfeZ`_d dVe `fe Z_ dVTeZ`_ 3 `W eYV
>fZUR_TV cV]ReV e` eYV daVTZWZT ac`[VTed
D\ QVO[US

Page 9

bebQ\ S_]]e^YdYUc Qc Q bUce\d _V
]QZ_b TUfU\_`]U^dc Q^T d_ebYcd
QSS_]]_TQdY_^*
ZUV_eZWZVU Z_ eYV >fZUR_TV Rd aRce `W eYV
GVceY KcR_da`ce =fefcVd Z^ac`gV^V_ed+ @e
h`f]U _`e SV Raac`acZReV e` fdV eYVdV
T`_ecZSfeZ`_d W`c `eYVc ^ZeZXReZ`_) `c e`
VieV_U eYZd k`_V e` dReZdWj R dVaRcReV
cVbfZcV^V_e+
KYV T`_TVc_d cRZdVU Z_ eYVdV T`^^V_ed
YRgV SVV_ _`eVU Sj `WWZTVcd+ :fccV_e]j) eYV
UcRWe >fZUR_TV SVZ_X T`_df]eVU fa`_
cVacVdV_ed R_ faUReV e` eYV RU`aeVU
>fZUR_TV) R_U _Vh, RUUZeZ`_R] UVgV]`aVc
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cVbfZcV^V_ed RcV _`e
ac`a`dVU+
GB: RcV TfccV_e]j f_UVceR\Z_X R cVgZVh `W
eYV C;G+ :`^^f_Zej WVVUSRT\) Rd hV]] Rd
Z_WcRdecfTefcV RfUZed) hZ]] dfaa`ce eYRe
cVgZVh Z_ eYV acVaRcReZ`_ `W C;G0
'VdeZ^ReVU W`c RU`aeZ`_ Z_ /-/4( R_U _Vh
T`_ecZSfeZ`_ cVbfZcV^V_ed) hYVcV [fdeZWZVU)
hZ]] SV T`_dZUVcVU Rd aRce `W eYRe ac`TVdd+
FQbd .7VV_bTQR\U >_ecY^W6 WU^UbQ\
Ie``_bdc Q bQ^WU _V QVV_bTQR\U
X_ecY^W di`U Q``b_QSXUc d_ TU\YfUbi(
ceSX Qc cU\V+ Secd_] ReY\T Q^T S_)
X_ecY^W*
H9B E`eVU D\ QVO[US
HUS_]]U^Tc DF<0 F_\YSi -3 Yc
RUddUb bUV\USdUT Y^ dXU =eYTQ^SU( gYdX
bUWQbTc d_ ndYUTo UcdQdU X_ecY^W Y^
bebQ\ QbUQc*
H9B E`eVU+ KZVU VdeReV Y`fdZ_X Zd
cVT`^^V_UVU W`c RddVdd^V_e `_ R_
Z_UZgZUfR] SRdZd Z_ eYV >fZUR_TV+ EG=1
G`]ZTj .4 Z_eV_Ud e` V_T`fcRXV) ac`^`eV)
R_U WRTZ]ZeReV eYV UV]ZgVcj `W ^`cV YZXY
bfR]Zej) RWW`cURS]V R_U dfdeRZ_RS]V cfcR]
Y`^Vd Z_ eYV cZXYe ]`TReZ`_d+
D\ QVO[US

Page 10

=U^UbQ\ ^QbbQdYfU QR_ed dXU
U^WQWU]U^d _V dXU TUfU\_`]U^d
cUSd_b gYdXY^ `\Q^^Y^W Q^T X_ecY^W
S_^ce\dQdY_^c Y^ FUbdX Q^T AY^b_cc*
><I E`eVU D\ QVO[US
D_dUc dXU Y]`_bdQ^SU Y^ dXU b_\U _V
9_]]e^Ydi :UfU\_`]U^d Jbecdc Y^
dXU TU\YfUbi _V QVV_bTQR\U X_ecY^W
gYdX cdbQdUWYS `b_ZUSdc( gXYSX Yc
gU\S_]UT Qc dXU TbQVd =eYTQ^SU Yc
VY^Q\YcUT*
H9B E`eVU D\ QVO[US
GeUbYUc dXU bUVUbU^SU d_ DF<0 Q^T
\QS[ _V bUVUbU^SU V\UhYRY\Ydi _V dXU
.1$ QVV_bTQR\U X_ecY^W bUaeYbU]U^d
d_ bUV\USd fYQRY\Ydi* 9_^S\eTUc dXQd
B:F. F_\YSi ., Q^T dXU TbQVd
=eYTQ^SU QbU S_^dbQbi d_ DF<0*
><I EG=1 G`]ZTj .3 deReVd eYRe ac`a`dR]d W`c
^Rc\Ve Y`^Vd hZ]] `_]j SV dfaa`ceVU
hYVcV eYV T`_ecZSfeZ`_ e` eYV ac`gZdZ`_ `W
RWW`cURS]V Y`^Vd `_ R dZeV hZ]] SV Re ]VRde
/2$ `W eYV e`eR] _f^SVc `W Y`^Vd) R_U
X`Vd `_ e` ]Zde a`eV_eZR] ViTVaeZ`_d) hYVcV
[fdeZWZVU) Rd _`eVU Z_ eYV T`^^V_e+
KYV UcRWe >fZUR_TV cV^RZ_d eYRe /2$ Zd
GB:od ^Z_Z^f^ ViaVTeReZ`_ W`c RWW`cURS]V
Y`fdZ_X cVbfZcV^V_ed) Rd Zd eYV SRdZd `W
RU`aeVU C;G/ G`]ZTj /-+
G`]ZTj /- R]d` deReVd eYRe leYV :`f_TZ] hZ]]
T`_dZUVc Z__`gReZgV R_U W]ViZS]V
Raac`RTYVd e` eYV UV]ZgVcj `W RWW`cURS]V
Y`fdZ_X R_U hZ]] eR\V Z_e` RTT`f_e
T`_dZUVcReZ`_d eYRe ^ZXYe RWWVTe
UV]ZgVcRSZ]Zej dfTY Rd UVgV]`a^V_e gZRSZ]Zej
R_U eYV RgRZ]RSZ]Zej `W Wf_UZ_Xm+
FWWZTVcd T`_dZUVc eYRe eYZd a`]ZTj a`dZeZ`_
dfaa`ced eYV RZ^d `W EG=1 G`]ZTj .3)
hYZ]de cVW]VTeZ_X ]`TR] _VVUd Z_ GB:+
=]ViZSZ]Zej hZ]] SV ac`gZUVU hYVcV gZRSZ]Zej
F_\]\`SR b]ROaS) :SYSaS O[R
_S]YOQS FO_OU_O]V .), \T aVS R_OTa
=bWRO[QS5
gB:F- F\YWQe -+ `Sa` aVS 9\b[QWYj`
_S^bW_SZS[a T\_ OTT\_ROPYS V\b`W[U
dVS[ O``S``W[U [Sd RScSY\]ZS[a
]_\]\`OY`) DF</ &F\YWQe ,1' W` OY`\
O _SYScO[a ]O_a \T aVS `aOaba\_e
RScSY\]ZS[a ]YO[)h

Page 11

ZddfVd TR_ SV RUVbfReV]j UV^`_decReVU)
`_ R TRdV*Sj*TRdV SRdZd+
EG=1 ^R\Vd ac`gZdZ`_ W`c C;Gd e` dVe
UZWWVcV_e aVcTV_eRXV a`]ZTZVd hYVcV
[fdeZWZVU+ KYZd hZ]] SV T`_dZUVcVU Z_ eYV
acVaRcReZ`_ `W C;G0+
HUaeUcdc dXQd FA9 Y^SbUQcU dXU
QVV_bTQR\U X_ecY^W `b_fYcY_^
`UbSU^dQWU V_b ^Ug X_]U* HQdY_^Q\U
Yc RQcUT _^ _dXUb \_SQ\ QedX_bYdi
Q``b_QSXUc Q^T Uh`\QY^c IdYb\Y^W
Q^T <YVU 9_e^SY\ `_\YSi Y^ TUdQY\*
Fb_fYTUc ^QbbQdYfU _^ \_SQ\ S_^dUhd
_V QVV_bTQRY\Ydi Q^T QfQY\QRY\Ydi _V
QVV_bTQR\U X_ecY^W Y^7RUbVU\Ti(
Y^S\eTY^W US_^_]YS Y]`QSdc Q^T
S_]]e^Ydi VUUTRQS[*
7:J KYV UcRWe >fZUR_TV cV^RZ_d eYRe /2$ Zd
GB:od ^Z_Z^f^ ViaVTeReZ`_ W`c RWW`cURS]V
Y`fdZ_X cVbfZcV^V_ed) Rd Zd eYV SRdZd `W
RU`aeVU C;G/ G`]ZTj /-+
FWWZTVcd T`_dZUVc eYRe eYZd a`]ZTj a`dZeZ`_
dfaa`ced eYV RZ^d `W EG=1 G`]ZTj .3)
hYZ]de cVW]VTeZ_X ]`TR] _VVUd Z_ GB:+ G`]ZTj
Vg`]feZ`_ W`c RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X Zd SVZ_X
T`_dZUVcVU Rd GB: f_UVceR\Vd Zed cVgZVh
`W C;G/+
D\ QVO[US
FQbd .7VV_bTQR\U >_ecY^W6 ncUaeU^dYQ\ Q``b_QSXo
D_dUc dXU =eYTQ^SU XQc RUU^
bUcdbeSdebUT Q^T e`TQdUT*
><I E`eVU D\ QVO[US
9_]]U^d bUWQbTY^W FQbQWbQ`X 3*.0
&TU\UdY_^ _V VYbcd Re\\Ud `_Y^d6 lNYVcV
eYVcV Zd R YZXY T`_TV_ecReZ`_ `W
RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X Z_ eYV RcVR R_U
eYV ac`gZdZ`_ `W R T`^^feVU df^
h`f]U YV]a RTYZVgV ^`cV SR]R_TVU
T`^^f_ZeZVd V]dVhYVcV Z_ eYV
Y`fdZ_X ^Rc\Vem' k T_Uc ^_d QWbUU
gYdX TU\UdY_^*
><I E`eVU+ FWWZTVcd T`_dZUVc eYRe eYV a`Z_e)
W`c^Vc]j Z_T]fUVU Re GRcRXcRaY 4+/1)
T`_W]ZTed hZeY eYV daZcZe `W C;G/ G`]ZTj /-
R_U eYV ndVbfV_eZR] Raac`RTYoW`c
RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X UV]ZgVcj Z_ eYV
Jfaa]V^V_eRcj >fZUR_TV+
GB: cVbfZcVd `_*dZeV UV]ZgVcj) `c 'hYVcV
[fdeZWZVU( `WW*dZeV UV]ZgVcj) eYV_ R_U `_]j
hYVcV eY`dV `aeZ`_d TR__`e SV dReZdWZVU) R
T`^^feVU df^ hZ]] SV T`_dZUVcVU+ =fceYVc
V^aYRdZd R_U T]RcZej `_ eYZd ac`TVdd YRd
SVV_ UVV^VU _VTVddRcj Rd R cVdf]e `W
D\ QVO[US

Page 12

ViaVcZV_TV Z_ eYV Raa]ZTReZ`_ `W eYV G`]ZTj
R_U >fZUR_TV R_U eYV a`Z_e W`c^Vc]j
Z_T]fUVU Re GRcRXcRaY 4+/1 cVacVdV_eVU
R^SZXfZej+
NYVcV eYVcV RcV gZRSZ]Zej T`_TVc_d hZeY
ac`a`dVU UVgV]`a^V_e eYV_ eYVdV hZ]] SV
T`_dZUVcVU `_ R TRdV Sj TRdV SRdZd+ GcV*
Raa]ZTReZ`_ RUgZTV `_ a`eV_eZR]
UVgV]`a^V_e ac`a`dR]d Zd R]hRjd RUgZdVU
e` VdeRS]ZdY hYRe ac`gZdZ`_ hZ]] SV
_VTVddRcj+
D_dUc TYcQ``_Y^d]U^d Qd QSSU`dQ^SU
_V S_]]edUT ce]c _fUb _^)cYdU
TU\YfUbi Y^ dXU \_SQ\ QbUQ*
<:99 E`eVU+ KYV faUReVd e` eYV >fZUR_TV
Z_eV_U e` YZXY]ZXYe GB:od acVWVcV_TV W`c
`_*dZeV UV]ZgVcj Rd aRce `W eYV ndVbfV_eZR]
Raac`RTYo+
D\ QVO[US
FQbd .7VV_bTQR\U >_ecY^W6 SbUTYd cicdU]
Idb_^W\i _RZUSdc d_ dXU `b_`_cUT
bU]_fQ\ _V dXU FA9oc SbUTYd cicdU]
V_b 7>* <_\\_gY^W bUQc_^c `b_fYTUT6
7> SbUTYdc U^S_ebQWU UVVUSdYfU+ UQb\i
TU\YfUbi _V 7>*
7> SbUTYdc ]_bU bU\YQR\U dXQ^
`Qi]U^d _V S_]]edUT ce]c*
7> SbUTYdc edY\YcUT Ri \_SQ\ Q^T
IC;c* LQbY_ec US_^_]YS RU^UVYdc
`b_fYTUT \_SQ\ IC;c* FA9 cX_e\T
ce``_bd IC;c*
IeSSUccVe\ UhQ]`\U SYdUT _V 7>
TU\YfUbi Qd =eY\Td_g^*
FA9 XQc TYcSbUdY_^ d_ TUS\Y^U7>
SbUTYdc _^ cYdU)Ri)cYdU RQcYc(
dXUbUV_bU TYcQWbUUc gYdX bU]_fQ\ _V
dXU cicdU]*
7@I KYV Raac`gVU C`TR] ?`fdZ_X JecReVXj
/-//*/-/4 dVed `fe e` UV]ZgVc n^`cV
Y`fdZ_X Z_ ]ZgVRS]V R_U dfdeRZ_RS]V a]RTVd
hYZTY RcV hV]] UVdZX_VU) dRWV R_U
T`__VTeVU+++Z_ efc_ cVUfTZ_X Z_VbfR]Zej R_U
UZdTcZ^Z_ReZ`_o+
KYV dVbfV_eZR] Raac`RTY e` UV]ZgVcj hZeY
acVWVcV_TV W`c `_*dZeV RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X
ac`gZdZ`_ Rd ^fTY Rd acRTeZTRS]V Zd eYV
SVde hRj e` RTYZVgV eYZd+
KYV 8WW`cURS]V ?`fdZ_X :cVUZed JjdeV^
cVUfTVU eYV VieV_e `W `_*dZeV ac`gZdZ`_ `W
RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X hZeYZ_ ^Rc\Ve Y`fdZ_X
UVgV]`a^V_ed+ @e Zd Raac`acZReV e` hZ_U Ze
U`h_ e` RTYZVgV eYV RZ^d `W eYV TfccV_e
C?J+ KYZd Zd R]d` R]ZX_VU hZeY EG=1 R_U
Zed `feT`^Vd) Z_T]fUZ_X eYV ac`gZdZ`_ `W
D\ QVO[US

Page 13

HU]_fQ\ _V dXU7> SbUTYd S_^V\YSdc
gYdX dXU c`YbYd _V B_SQ\ :UfU\_`]U^d
F\Q^ . &.,-5' F_\YSi .,67VV_bTQR\U
>_ecY^W*
]R_U Z_ eYV cZXYe ]`TReZ`_d e` RTT`^^`UReV
WfefcV _VVU R_U UV^R_U W`c _Vh Y`^Vd)
dfaa`ceVU Sj Raac`acZReV Z_WcRdecfTefcV+
FWWZTVcd T`_dZUVcVU eYV aVcTVZgVU SV_VWZed
acVdV_eVU Sj eYV 8WW`cURS]V ?`fdZ_X
:cVUZe JjdeV^ Z_T]fUVU Z_ eYV RU`aeVU
>fZUR_TV) Rd hV]] Rd acRTeZTR] ViaVcZV_TV
`W eYV djdeV^ dZ_TV Zed Z^a]V^V_eReZ`_+
KYZd Raac`RTY R]]`hVU Y`fdVSfZ]UVcd e`
Xc`fa dZeVd) ac`gZUVU eYV `gVcR]] /2$
RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X cVbfZcV^V_e hRd
f]eZ^ReV]j ^Ve RTc`dd R _f^SVc `W dZeVd+
?`hVgVc) Ze YRd _`e SVV_ hV]] feZ]ZdVU R_U
YRd ac`gV_ UZWWZTf]e e` Z^a]V^V_e R_U
^`_Ze`c+
KYV SV_VWZed Z_ eVc^d `W WRdeVc UV]ZgVcj R_U
dfaa`ce W`c ]`TR] JD<d RcV _`eVU Sfe RcV
_` ]`_XVc T`_dZUVcVU e` `fehVZXY eYV
^VUZf^ R_U ]`_X*eVc^ UZdSV_VWZed Z_ eVc^d
`W ac`gZUZ_X RWW`cURS]V Y`fdZ_X Z_ eYV cZXYe
]`TReZ`_d+ 8_j T`_WZc^VU :cVUZed TfccV_e]j
RXcVVU hZeY UVgV]`aVcd hZ]] T`_eZ_fV e` SV
gR]ZU f_eZ] eYVZc ViaZcj UReVd) Sfe _` WfceYVc
:cVUZed dYR]] SV RhRcUVU+
:_Uc ^_d ce``_bd dXU bU]_fQ\ _V dXU
7> SbUTYd cicdU]* JXU cicdU] Q\\_gc
V\UhYRY\Ydi Y^ TU\YfUbY^W cYdUc Y^ TYVVYSe\d
VY^Q^SYQ\ dY]Uc( V_b UhQ]`\U TebY^W
dXU \Qcd bUSUccY_^( Q^T d_ ]UUd7>
^UUT*
><I 8d RS`gV D\ QVO[US
:_Uc ^_d QWbUU gYdX `b_`_cUT
bU]_fQ\ _V 7> SbUTYd cicdU]*
9_^cYTUbc dXU SbUTYd cicdU]
=I8 8d RS`gV D\ QVO[US

Page 14

U^XQ^SUc dXU TU\YfUbi _V7>* IUdc
_ed ^QbbQdYfU _V RU^UVYdc `b_fYTUT d_
dXU US_^_]i Qc Q \_SQ\ RecY^Ucc
Q^T U]`\_iUb*
D_dUc dXU SbUTYd cicdU] XQc RUU^
UVVUSdYfU Y^ bebQ\ QbUQc( Q^T bUaeUcdc
Yd RU bUdQY^UT*
H9B 8d RS`gV D\ QVO[US
EdXUb 9_]]U^dc
=U^UbQ\ ce``_bd 7@I E`eVU D\ QVO[US
9_^SUb^c _fUb Uh`\Q^QdY_^ _V dXU
S_^ce\dQdY_^ `b_SUcc Q^T X_g `eR\YS
S_^ce\dQdY_^ bUc`_^cUc gY\\ RU
S_^cYTUbUT Ri dXU 9_e^SY\*
><I KYV cVa`ce e` <_gZc`_^V_e) @_WcRdecfTefcV
R_U <T`_`^ZT ;VgV]`a^V_e :`^^ZeeVV
'0.de DRj /-/0 IVa`ce E`+ /0,.4- deReVU
eYRe6
l=`]]`hZ_X eYV aVcZ`U `W afS]ZT
T`_df]eReZ`_) eYV cVda`_dVd hZ]] SV T`]]ReVU
R_U cVgZVhVU Sj eYV ac`[VTe eVR^+ KYV
faUReVU >fZUR_TV hZ]] eYV_ SV Sc`fXYe
SRT\ e` :`^^ZeeVV W`c Raac`gR] acZ`c e`
dfS^ZddZ`_ e` JT`eeZdY DZ_ZdeVcd W`c W`c^R]
RU`aeZ`_m+
FWWZTVcd RTTVae eYV ac`TVdd T`f]U SV
^RaaVU ^`cV T]VRc]j W`c deR\VY`]UVcdo
RhRcV_Vdd R_U Via]RZ_ Y`h GB: RcV
T`_dZUVcZ_X T`_df]eReZ`_ cVda`_dVd Z_ eYV
RU`aeZ`_ ac`TVdd+
D\aS T\_ Tbab_S Q\[`bYaOaW\[
=U^UbQ\\i ce``_bdc `XQcY^W _V
S_^dbYRedY_^c `Qi]U^dc Q^T
Y^f_\fU]U^d _V FA9 Y^ TU\YfUbY^W
Y^VbQcdbeSdebU*
H9B E`eVU D\ QVO[US