Committee Report - CMPP Update Sept 2026
North Ayrshire Council · 23 September 2026
Back to Planning Committee — 23 September 2026 and its agenda
Text extracted from the council's PDF. Layout and reading order may differ from the original.
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NORTH AYRSHIRE COUNCIL 23 September 2026 Planning Committee Title: Clyde Regional Marine Plan Purpose: To update the Planning Committee on the preparation of a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde. Recommendation: It is recommended that the Planning Committee: 1) Supports the general themes and content of the draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan and accompanying assessments; 2) Notes the forthcoming public consultation on the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. 1. Executive Summary 1.1 North Ayrshire Council has been an active member of the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP) since its inception in 2016. The CMPP has delegated authority to produce a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde Marine Region and is a statutory consultee for Marine Licence applications and pre-applications for a Marine Licence. 1.2 One of the CMPP’s statutory duties is to prepare a Regional Marine Plan (hereafter referred to as “the Plan”). Preparation of this Plan is about to enter its final public consultation stage. This stage follows an extensive drafting process which included wide ranging public consultation in 2019. Following this latest consultation, the Plan will be reviewed and presented to Scottish Ministers for adoption. 1.3 The Plan sets out a vision, aims, objectives and policies for the marine and coastal environment encompassing a wide range of general topic areas and specific sectors in the Clyde Marine Region. It seeks to provide a consistent overarching framework for decision-making in respect of development and activities within, and impacting upon, inshore waters out to 12 nautical miles. The Clyde Marine Region area extends from the Normal Tidal Limit of the River Clyde in Glasgow City centre, seawards to the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire and includes the Clyde’s sea lochs, as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015. Additionally, further consideration and discussion are required around implementation and monitoring of the plan, including the measurement of objectives.
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1.4 The draft plan will be subject to a minimum 12-week consultation from 21 September to 13 December 2026. Stakeholders, residents, and members of the public will be invited to share their views on the draft Plan before it is submitted to Scottish Ministers for adoption. Details of consultation such as how to submit views and any consultation events are yet to be finalised. Members will be briefed as soon as these details become available. At this time, the Council will be able to provide comments regarding the content of the plan for consideration of the CMPP. The Planning Service will continue to input into the preparation of the plan during and following the consultation. 1.5 Accompanying the draft plan for consultation are a suite of assessments. These have been appended to this report for members to review and include: • Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) – Draft Environmental Report • Draft Habitats Regulation Appraisal (HRA) • Islands Community Impacts Assessment (ICIA) • Partial Business and Regulatory Impact Assessment (BRIA) • Equalities Impact Assessment (EQIA) 2. Background 2.1 A new statutory marine planning system for Scotland was established by the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 with the purpose of sustainably managing the increasing, and often conflicting, demands on Scottish seas. 2.2 A National Marine Plan was published in 2015 covering the management of both Scottish inshore waters (out to 12 nautical miles) and offshore waters (12 to 200 nautical miles). Below this level, eleven Scottish Marine Regions have been created, where regional marine planning will be undertaken by Marine Planning Partnerships. North Ayrshire Council is a member of the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership, to which Scottish Ministers delegated the task of developing a Regional Marine Plan in March 2017. This Clyde Regional Marine Plan must be in accordance with Scotland’s National Marine Plan and the UK Marine Policy Statement. The National Marine Plan is currently subject to review, which will result in Scotland’s second National Marine Plan (NMP2). The CMPP and the Marine Directorate have been working together to ensure that both the Regional and National Marine Planning Processes do not conflict with each other at this stage. 2.3 Since the last update to members in May 2019, a pre-consultation draft was subject to extensive public consultation. This consultation included drop-in events in our coastal towns, direct engagement with businesses and stakeholders which have a close relationship with the Clyde Marine Region. Following the consultation, the pre- consultation draft was updated and subsequently shared with the Marine Directorate for consideration. The draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan is the result of this collaboration and consultation. 2.4 The draft plan – which interprets and supports the National Marine Plan at a regional level – has a 20-year vision and a wide-ranging set of aims that seek to achieve a marine and coastal environment that is clean, healthy, safe, productive, biologically diverse and accessible for all. The Plan seeks to support sustainable development, attract investment,
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and guide marine development, while also considering local communities, the protection of the Clyde’s natural resources, and climate change. 2.5 The Plan is designed to provide a consistent overarching framework to guide decision- makers, regulators and marine users in the location and management of existing and proposed development and activities. This will be particularly relevant where development and activities overlap existing regulatory and legislative regimes and plans, for example in the intertidal zone, and where more than one form of consent may be required. In this regard, it is noted that the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership intends to develop a protocol with planning authorities to guide decision-making in relation to the Regional Marine Plan. 2.6 The draft is organised into two sections: General Policies and Sector Policies. General Policies provide an overarching framework for the sustainable development and use of the marine and coastal environment and have been prepared in relation to climate change; the historic environment; landscape/seascape; coastal processes, coastal flooding and storm damage alleviation; natural heritage; non-native species; marine litter and connecting people to the Clyde. Sector Policies are included for the following key, current economic activities taking place in the Clyde Marine Region: sea fisheries; aquaculture; sport, recreation and tourism; shipping, ports, harbours, ferries; defence; energy, subsea cables and pipelines; and marine aggregates. Policies are further differentiated between those which relate to authorisations and consents and those which relate to management. 2.7 One of the draft Plan’s guiding principles is to add value, not complexity. Informed by a Marine Region Assessment which considered the condition of the Clyde Marine Region, significant pressures and the impact of human activity, the Plan identifies factors and issues that need to be considered by developments and activities in the Plan area, spatially where possible. It seeks to interpret and support the National Marine Plan in a local context. 2.8 2.9 The Ayrshire Growth Deal will see multi-million-pound investment in helping drive economic development across the region, boosting jobs, creating opportunity and encouraging further inward investment. The Growth Deal includes a number of commitments, including delivering critical infrastructure to enable investment to secure the development of the Marine Tourism industry in North Ayrshire; the development and regeneration of The Great Harbour at Irvine Harbourside and Ardeer; funding for the Centre for Research into Low Carbon Energy and Circular Economy (CECE) at Hunterston Parc; a new International Marine Science and Environmental Centre (ISME) based at Ardrossan; and investment in a subsea fibre optic cable to have its landing point in Irvine. It is considered that the Regional Marine Plan will complement the Ayrshire Growth Deal. 2.10 Once adopted by Ministers, the Clyde Regional Marine Plan will provide a statutory policy framework to support decision-making and appropriate inward investment. However, there remain questions over how the Plan will be implemented and how implementation will be funded. Additionally, it is noted that progress in achieving several of the plan’s
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objectives will be measured through the development management regime. Again, more detail is required as to how this will work in practice. Details of monitoring and implementation are still to be finalised and discussed with the Partnership. The Council will seek an active role in preparing these arrangements to ensure that they are proportionate while meeting the aims of both the Regional Marine Plan and the Council Plan. 2.11 With regards to the Plan’s relationship with land use planning, particularly the Council’s Development Plan, the Plan highlights that the North Ayrshire Local Development Plan forms part of the planning policy framework operating within the Clyde Marine Region. The Council’s adopted Local Development Plan (LDP2) Policy 24: Alignment with Marine Planning shows support in principle for developments with a marine component or in a coastal location provided they align with the National Marine Plan and the emerging regional marine plan. The Council’s forthcoming LDP (LDP3) will also be required to consider the aims and objectives of the regional marine plan when drafting the LDP’s spatial strategy. 3. Proposals 3.1 It is recommended that the Planning Committee: • Supports the general themes and content of the draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan • Notes the forthcoming 12-week statutory public consultation. 4. Implications Financial 4.1 None Human Resources 4.2 None Legal 4.3 Once adopted, the Clyde Regional Marine Plan will inform decisions made by the Partnership in line with their statutory obligations. This includes being a statutory consultee in the Marine Licensing Process. The Plan will also be used as a baseline to monitor the environment within which the region operates to inform decisions and future plans. The Plan will also be used as a mechanism for funding bids for both research and physical projects. Equality/Socio-economic 4.4 A review of relevant socio-economic strategies, policies and reports has been undertaken to assist in the formation of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. The CMPP has carried out an Equalities Impact Assessment (EQIA) to supplement the draft plan.
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Climate Change and Carbon 4.5 The draft is accompanied by several environmental assessments as stated in paragraph 1.5 of this report. Key Priorities 4.6 The draft Plan supports the Council Plan Priority Outcome that North Ayrshire is a vibrant, welcoming and attractive environment. The vision and aims of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan align with many of the LOIP themes of a North Ayrshire that is healthier, working, safer and thriving as well as the priority outcomes of the Council Plan. Community Wealth Building 4.7 The draft plan does not intend to add complexity or conflict with current frameworks and strategies. It is anticipated that the Clyde Regional Marine Plan will contribute to the sustainable management of the marine and coastal environment in order to support thriving communities by attracting investment; promoting sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources; contributing to the wellbeing and resilience of coastal communities and encouraging the reconnection of people with the sea through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. As such, it is considered that these can align with the overarching aims of the Community Wealth Building strategy. Islands Communities Impact Assessment (ICIA) 4.8 An Islands Communities Impact Assessment (ICIA)has been carried out as part of the process of producing the plan. The ICIA has been appended to this report. United Nations Rights of the Child (UNCRC) 4.9 None. Consumer Duty 4.10 None. 5. Consultation 5.1 The Draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan will be subject to a 12-week public consultation beginning 21 September 2026. Full details of this consultation are not available but will be shared with members as soon as they are published. Allan Finlayson Chief Planning Officer
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For further information please contact Thom Ledingham, Planning Officer (Strategic Planning) on 01294 324623. Background Papers Draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan
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Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft
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1 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 25 June 2026 Image Credits Front Cover Introduction Vision, Aims and Guiding Principles Background Section 1 General Policy 1 General Policy 2 General Policy 3 General Policy 4 General Policy 5 General Policy 6 General Policy 7 General Policy 8 Section 2 Sector Policy 1 Sector Policy 2 Sector Policy 3 Sector Policy 4 Sector Policy 5 Sector Policy 6 Sector Policy 7 Sector Policy 8 Annex Glossary Ian Kirkwood – www.ik-design.co.uk. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Jill Bunyan © Clyde Marine Planning Partnership © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Sinead Sheridan © All rights reserved. Sinead Sheridan © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Sarah Brown © All rights reserved. Claire Pescod © All rights reserved. Claire Pescod © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Rick Bolton © All rights reserved. Claire Pescod © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Sinead Sheridan © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Sinead Sheridan © All rights reserved. Géry Parent © Creative Commons Public License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode. No changes were made to the image. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Peter Sandground © All rights reserved. Design by: jonodesign.co.uk
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2 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Version Control Version no Date Authors Notes 1 12 September 2018 F Mills & S Sheridan Issued to Members on 12 September 2018 2 17 January 2019 F Mills & M Michelotti Amended based on feedback from Members’ meeting 26th September 2018, meeting with Marine Directorate 15th October and meeting with Planning Authorities 23rd October. Issued to Members January 2019. 3 01 February 2019 F Mills & M Michelotti Amended based on feedback from Members’ meeting 31 January 2019. 4 11 February 2020 F Mills, S Sheridan & M Michelotti Amended based on pre- consultation feedback, public dialogue and fisheries, aquaculture, and natural heritage working group meetings. 5 29 April 2020 F Mills, S Sheridan & M Michelotti Amended based on feedback from Members and Usability Workshop (24th March). 6 28 May 2020 F Mills, S Sheridan & M Michelotti Amended based on feedback from 13th May Members Meeting 7 08 July 2020 F Mills, S Sheridan & M Michelotti Issued to Marine Directorate for review on 8 July 2020. 8 15 December 2021 Amendments by C Cutts & S McFarlane Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate; issued to Marine Directorate on 15 December 2021 9 07 April 2022 Amendments by C Cutts & S McFarlane Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate; issued to Marine Directorate on 7 April 2022 10 01 September 2022 Amendments by C Cutts & S McFarlane Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate; issued to Marine Directorate on 02 September 2022 11 09 June 2023 Amendments by C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate; issued to Marine Directorate on 09 June 2023 12 04 November 2024 Amendments by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate; issued to Marine Directorate on 04 November 2024
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3 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft 13 13 June 2025 Amendments by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate, issued to Marine Directorate on 13 June 2025 14 12 December 2025 Amendments by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate, issued to Marine Directorate on 12 December 2025 15 08 May 2026 Amendments by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate, issued to Marine Directorate 16 25 June 2026 Amendments by J Bunyan and C Cutts Clean copy prepared based on joint feedback and collaboration between Marine Directorate and CMPP.
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4 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 6 Vision, Aims and Guiding Principles .................................................................................................. 7 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Using this Regional Marine Plan ...................................................................................................... 18 Monitoring and Review .................................................................................................................... 28 Clyde Regional Marine Plan Action Plan ......................................................................................... 28 Section 2: General Policies ......................................................................................................... 29 General Policy 1: Climate Change .................................................................................................... 30 General Policy 2: Historic Environment ........................................................................................... 36 General policy 3: Landscape/Seascape ........................................................................................... 40 General Policy 4: Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage ....................................... 46 General Policy 5: Natural Heritage ................................................................................................. 52 General Policy 6: Non-Native Species ............................................................................................. 62 General Policy 7: Marine Litter ....................................................................................................... 67 General Policy 8: Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region ................................................ 72 Section 3: Sector Policies ............................................................................................................ 78 Sector Policy 1: All Sectors .............................................................................................................. 79 Sector Policy 2: Sea Fisheries .......................................................................................................... 83 Sector Policy 3: Aquaculture ........................................................................................................... 92 Sector Policy 4: Sport, Recreation and Tourism ............................................................................. 99 Sector Policy 5: Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries ................................................................. 106 Sector Policy 6: Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines ................................................................... 114 Sector Policy 7: Defence ................................................................................................................ 119 Sector Policy 8: Marine Aggregates .............................................................................................. 122 Annex 1 – Guidance on national and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments ...... 125 Annex 2 – Historic environment management and consenting processes ................................... 128 Glossary................................................................................................................................... 129
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5 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Foreword The Clyde Marine Region is one of Scotland’s most diverse and intensively used marine areas, with a rich history of industrial development, tourism, fisheries, recreation and aquaculture. It is also home to valuable ecosystems as well as a variety of communities, who all benefit from the resources and services provided by the marine environment. Over recent decades, there has been an increasing awareness and motivation to ensure sustainable management of the Clyde Marine Region. The Firth of Clyde Forum, a voluntary partnership between a range of stakeholders including local authorities, fisheries groups, environmental NGOs, recreational bodies and community interests, was established in 1994. It evolved into the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP) in 2016, which was assigned the delegated responsibility to facilitate the development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP or the Plan) on behalf of Scottish Ministers. The CRMP will be the first statutory regional marine plan for the Clyde, introducing policies that are tailored to recognise the ecological, economic and social context of the Clyde Marine Region. It provides a coherent, localised policy framework to be used by decision makers in the determination of granting licences, permissions and consents relevant to developments and use of the Clyde Marine Region. The development of the CRMP reflects the collective efforts of many individuals and stakeholders over a number of years, and it is a true testament to the benefits of partnership working. The CRMP sets out the vision of a healthy, resilient, and productive marine environment, one that supports thriving communities, enables sustainable development, and protects the natural and cultural assets that make the Clyde Marine Region unique. As the pressure on marine space continues to grow, and the twin challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss continue to deepen, our responsibility to ensure the sustainable management of the Clyde Marine Region has reached a critical point. The CRMP represents a significant step forward in that endeavour. It offers clarity, direction and a shared purpose, helping to ensure that the choices we make today contribute to a sustainable and prosperous future. Professor Anthony Gallagher Chair of the CMPP
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6 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Section 1: Introduction Gourock
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7 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Campbeltown on the Kintyre Peninsula. Vision, Aims and Guiding Principles Our 20-year Vision The marine and coastal1 environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities. Aims2 The aims were identified as four priority areas to help guide policy development. The application of the policies will achieve the aims. Each of the Plan policies identifies the aim/s to which the policy seeks to contribute towards. Through the achievement of the aims, the 20-year vision for the Clyde Marine Region will be successful. Aim 1: Climate change mitigation and adaptation • Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy. • Support resilient local communities in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change. • Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region to respond to climate change issues. 1 The term ‘marine and coastal’ within this Plan applies to all parts of the Clyde Marine Region and all types of coastline, including the Clyde estuary and any developed coastal edge which may be referred to as the ‘River Clyde’ area within Local Development Plans. 2 All aims have equal priority and should be considered by the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership in combination with each other; one does not have precedence over the other.
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8 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Aim 2: Sustainable Development • Provide a policy and planning framework for safe and sustainable development and use which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region. • Provide a plan for decision makers to have regard of when responding to marine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions. • Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas. Aim 3: Healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment • Maintain and enhance the health of the Clyde Marine Region, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources. • Ensure that development and use of marine and coastal resources contribute to the protection and enhancement of the Marine Protected Area network3, and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement. • Ensure that developments and use of marine and coastal resources contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features4. Aim 4: Wellbeing of communities • Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access. • Support the connection of people to the Clyde Marine Region through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. • Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. Guiding Principles The Plan’s vision, aims, objectives, policies and recommendations have been developed in accordance with a set of overarching Guiding Principles (GPs) which act as a top-level filter for plan development. The GPs were drafted to provide information on the development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) and context for the basis of policy development. GP1, GP2 and GP3 represent fundamental aspects of marine planning as already set out in global agreements and EU, UK and Scottish strategies and plans. GP4 and GP5 establish the tone of the Plan. GP1: Sustainable Development5 Five principles form the basis for sustainable development: achieving a sustainable economy, promoting good governance and using sound science responsibly are essential to the creation and maintenance of a strong, healthy and just society capable of living within environmental limits6. 3 The Marine Protected Area (MPA) network Includes Nature Conservation MPAs, Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas, Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Ramsar sites. 4 Priority Marine Features are marine habitats and species considered to be of national conservation importance. The full list can be accessed on the NatureScot website (https://bit.ly/2tzU7Td). 5 Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 6 Guiding Principles for Sustainable Development (https://bit.ly/4eQYg8W)
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9 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft The Clyde Marine Region can contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aim to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all and include SDG14 relating to ‘Life Below Water’7. The Plan can support delivery of the Scottish Government’s National Outcomes8 (these are currently under review), in particular for the Economy, Fair Work and Business, Health and the Environment. The precautionary principle9 is applied consistently in accordance with the Scottish Government’s Guiding Principles on the Environment10. GP2: Support delivery of Good Environmental Status The UK Marine Strategy Regulations 2010 require the UK to take measures to achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of the marine environment through the implementation of the UK Marine Strategy11. There has been some progress towards achievement of GES since 2012, but the latest assessment shows that more needs to be done12. The most recent measures the UK will use to support progress towards GES were published in 2025 and form part of the 3rd cycle (2024- 2030)13.. Whilst the assessment is done at a much wider scale than the Clyde Marine Region, this Plan can help support delivery of GES. The international coordination of the UK Marine Strategy with neighbouring countries is undertaken through the OSPAR Convention14 and the Clyde Marine Region falls within the OSPAR Celtic seas region of the North East Atlantic marine region for reporting and monitoring15. GP3: Ecosystem Approach The Ecosystem Approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in an equitable way. It recognises that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of ecosystems. The Ecosystem Approach has 12 principles16. In simple terms, it means that we should understand how nature works, take account of the benefits that nature provides to people, and involve people in decision-making. GP4: Adding value, not complexity. The Plan identifies factors and issues that should be taken into account by those proposing developments and use in the Clyde Marine Region and considers spatial elements where possible. It supports delivery of the National Marine Plan (NMP)17 in a local context, so aims to minimise complexity, increase efficiency and enable the most socially, economically and environmentally sustainable outcomes for the Region. 7 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (https://bit.ly/30TLEq8). 8 The National Outcomes have been developed to achieve delivery of the National Performance Framework (NPF). The NPF aims to get everyone in Scotland working together across business, society and government. Regional Marine Plans are specifically noted within the Scottish Government Economic Action Plan as being able to focus on specific rural issues in their region, with regard to the marine and coastal economy and communities. As of 2026, the NPF is being reviewed (https://bit.ly/48JyiAV) 9 The precautionary principle relates to risk management whereby decision-making authorities must act cautiously to avoid serious or irreversible damage to the environment or human health in situations where the scientific evidence is not certain. Application must be proportionate to the level of protection required and the risk posed and should be based on a process that is transparent and accountable to stakeholders. 10 The five guiding principles on the environment are set out in s13(1) of the UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021 (https://bit.ly/4emrQmC) 11 The Marine Strategy Regulations 2010 (https://bit.ly/48EFyhn) 12 Marine Strategy Part One: Update (2026) (https://bit.ly/4d3qOtT) 13 Marine Strategy Part Three: 2025 UK Programme of Measures (2025) (https://bit.ly/42Nj1LT) 14 OSPAR Convention (https://bit.ly/48FYfBp) 15 Region III: Celtic Seas, OSPAR (https://bit.ly/4tkHSBJ) 16 Convention on Biological Diversity – 12 principles of the ecosystem approach (https://bit.ly/2tzUs8r) 17 Scotland’s National Marine Plan 2015 (https://bit.ly/3aAoTvN)
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10 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft GP5: Multiple responsible use of marine space The Plan supports and promotes responsible and sustainable multiple use within and between sectors. Combining compatible activities in the same space can serve to share and reduce costs, generate further synergies between those activities, and reduce impacts on the environment. However, the Plan acknowledges that tensions may arise between developments and use of the Clyde Marine Region.
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11 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) on the Isle of Arran Background Context Demands on the use of our seas and coastline are increasing, resulting in a rise in pressures on the marine environment. People and organisations must work together to ensure the sustainable use of marine resources. Scotland’s NMP sets out strategic policies for the sustainable use of Scotland’s marine resources out to 200 nautical miles. The Marine (Scotland) Act 201018 allows for Regional Marine Plans to be developed to take account of ‘…the physical, environmental, social, cultural and economic characteristics of the Scottish marine region to which the Plan applies and of the living resources which the region supports,’ for inshore waters out to 12 nautical miles. The CRMP provides a planning framework for marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region. The CRMP is underpinned by the statutory obligation that public authorities are required by the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 to take authorisation or enforcement decisions in accordance with the appropriate marine plans, unless relevant considerations indicate otherwise. Public authorities are also required to have regard to the appropriate marine plans in making any other decision which relates to the exercise by them of any function capable of affecting the whole or any part of the Scottish marine area. The appropriate marine plans are the National Marine Plan which is in effect, and for decisions that relate to a Scottish marine region, any regional marine plan which is in effect for the region. Once adopted, the CRMP will support the delivery of Scotland’s NMP in a regional context and decision 18 s5 Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (http://bit.ly/47N3dvT)
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12 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft makers must take the CRMP into account during the decision-making process, enabling delivery of the Plan’s long-term vision and aims. This consultation draft has been amended based on the feedback received on the pre-consultation draft19. Responses and comments to this formal consultation will guide final plan development before it is submitted to Scottish Ministers for approval and adoption. The Clyde Marine Region The Clyde Marine Region area extends from the Normal Tidal Limit of the River Clyde in Glasgow City centre, seawards to the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire and includes the Clyde’s sea lochs, as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 201520 (see Map 1). The Firth of Clyde was formed as a consequence of glacial action and is essentially a large fjord separated from the Irish Sea by a broad underwater sill, the Clyde Sea Sill. Since the retreat of the ice around 10,000 years ago, Western Scotland has slowly been rising, relative to sea level. This process has contributed to the formation of raised beaches along parts of the Clyde coast, which are a prominent feature of the coastline between Girvan and Ballantrae and around Largs. An assessment21 in 2020 shows that in Scotland, sea-level rise is outpacing vertical land ‘rebound’, increasing erosion rates and all of Scotland’s firths will be exposed to increased erosion rates due to sea-level rise. The area is renowned for its stunning scenery, including the Kyles of Bute and North Arran National Scenic Areas, and its sheltered waters which are perfect for marine tourism and recreation. The Clyde supports a rich variety of wildlife. For example, the inner Clyde estuary regularly supports a wintering population of 20,000 waders (such as oystercatchers and curlew) waterfowl (such as ducks and swans) and seabirds (such as gulls and cormorants). The upwelling of nutrients during the summer months provides rich feeding grounds for large mobile species, such as minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are commonly found in the Clyde throughout the year. Diadromous fish are present in the Region, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which migrate between freshwater and seawater at different parts of their lifecycle. Synonymous with the Clyde is shipbuilding. At its peak, over 100,000 people were working in 38 shipyards along the Clyde and in 1900, almost one in five boats afloat around the world had been built on the Clyde22. While naval shipbuilding has recently seen some revival, the massive decline of the historically famous Clyde shipbuilding industry in the second half of the 20th century left numerous derelict dry docks along the heavily industrialised Glasgow riverfront and Clyde Estuary. The Clyde remains a vital focus for the economy, be it in supporting the fisheries industry, aquaculture or defence activities. The Region is also an important recreational and cultural resource for those who live around its shores and those who are visiting. 19 Clyde Regional Marine Plan pre-consultation draft (https://bit.ly/44hjkQ8 ) 20 Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015 (https://bit.ly/3BYAF56) 21 Marine Climate change Impacts Partnership Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/4wbTWb5) 22 Glasgow’s Clydeside (https://bit.ly/3P8bSTh)
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13 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft
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14 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP) was established in February 2016. Scottish Ministers delegated23 the task of developing the Regional Marine Plan to the CMPP in March 2017. Over 20 Members covering a wide range of interests, including public authorities, nature conservation, fisheries, aquaculture and recreation24 were directly involved in development of the Plan. Figure 1: Diagram of CMPP members and their category Involvement of stakeholders has been, and will continue to be, central to the development and implementation of the Plan. Members of the CMPP are varied and range from organisations with statutory responsibility to any organisation or individual involved in a development or an activity in the marine and coastal area. A wide range of interests and sectors are represented on the CMPP, and they all have a role to play in delivering the vision and aims of this Plan. Another key part of plan development has been the wider engagement that has taken place to involve as many other people and organisations in policy development and, particularly, engage with the public as much as possible. Workshops, working group meetings and a pre-consultation have been carried out to inform development of this draft Plan. The public and stakeholders have been encouraged to take a full and active part in developing the Plan by responding to consultations. Full details of the process are set out in the Statement of Public Participation25. 23 The Delegation of Functions (Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde) Direction 2017 (https://bit.ly/42iohqE) 24 About the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (https://bit.ly/2RHQpid). 25 Clyde Regional Marine Plan Statement of Public Participation (https://bit.ly/37mmId0).
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15 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan There are several stages of development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. The Plan is currently at the statutory 12-week consultation stage. See the diagram below for an illustration of the stages that have taken place, and the stages that will follow the statutory 12-week consultation. Figure 2: Diagram illustrating the stages of plan development.
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16 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Clyde Marine Region Assessment As part of the plan development process, the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 requires an ‘…assessment of the condition of the Scottish marine area or, as the case may be, Scottish marine region at the time of the plan’s preparation’ and ‘a summary of significant pressures and the impact of human activity on the area or region’26. This stage of the process was completed in February 2018 with the publication of the Clyde Marine Region Assessment (the Assessment) and associated Topic Sheets27. The Assessment provided baseline information on the condition of the Region at the time and identified themes to be considered during the development of the CRMP. The CMPP recognises that the assessment was undertaken several years ago and that the time taken to develop a full draft plan means some information is now becoming dated. However, the assessment has informed the core principles of the plan, and where significant changes are anticipated, more recent evidence has been incorporated where appropriate. The Assessment is organised into four sections, each highlighting the main issues in the Region which can be summarised as follows: • The physical condition of the Region considers seabed geology and sediments, water circulation, coastal change and landscape/seascape. The future impacts of climate change and sea-level rise were identified as the main issues of concern with low/medium and high concern respectively. • The clean and safe section considers water quality, the presence of hazardous substances, microbiological contamination, eutrophication, oil and chemical spills, dissolved oxygen, marine litter and noise. The main areas of concern were present in the Clyde estuary, inner firth, Holy Loch and Garroch Head where historic input of hazardous substances was still evident; and there was some concern around the status of dissolved oxygen in the inner estuary28. • The healthy and biologically diverse section provides an overview of the status of habitats and species. Those of some or many concern included: intertidal rock and sediments; biogenic reefs; shallow and shelf subtidal sediment habitats; marine fish and shellfish; sharks, skates and rays; whales, dolphins and porpoises; and seabirds and waterbirds. The confidence level of these assessments was either high or medium, except for cetaceans, where the confidence level was low. • The fourth section relates to economic and productive activities taking place within the Region. These were not assessed, but an economic summary of each of the main sectors was provided considering factors such as employment, turnover and the value of various industries. A range of research and knowledge gaps have been identified throughout the plan development process29. A detailed list of research priorities is provided on the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership website30. Activities which contribute data and further knowledge on the following areas relevant to the Clyde Marine Region are encouraged: • Climate change impacts, mitigation and adaptation • Historic environment and cultural heritage 26 s.5(4) Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (http://bit.ly/47N3dvT) 27 Clyde Marine Region Assessment and Topic Sheets (https://bit.ly/2TOPeAf). 28 More recent data on the water status of the Region can be found in the Water Classification Hub on SEPA’s website, which includes the latest Shellfish Water Protection Area and Bathing Water classifications (https://bit.ly/4dn4zQS). Further results on contaminants can be found in the Scottish Marine Assessment 2020, where heavy metal Chromium VI was found to be double the level permitted by the Environmental Quality Standards in 2015, 2016 and 2017. 29 Gaps identified during the drafting of the Assessment can be found in Section 7 in the Assessment (2017) (https://bit.ly/3eZ9FTo). 30 Research priorities on CMPP website (https://bit.ly/3EHloBW).
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17 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft • Marine and coastal species, habitats and ecosystems • Eradicating non-native species and preventing their spread • Amount and type of marine litter and areas of accumulation • Fish stocks and distributions. Policy development Following the publication of the Assessment, the CMPP considered the main issues in light of international legislation, the UK Marine Policy Statement31, the NMP and the responsibilities of other regulatory bodies, with a view to further supporting improvement of the key indicators of the Assessment through policy in the CRMP. Sectoral working groups and specific workshops on environmental issues were held. This enabled wider stakeholders, members of industry and users of the Region to contribute to a broad discussion on policy development. Starting with the issues and pressures identified in the Assessment, these discussions identified aims and objectives for each of the relevant areas, bringing in the perspectives and considerations of wider stakeholders. This process facilitated the drafting of early objectives and policies. A socio-economic review was undertaken to consider relevant strategies, policies and reports; its findings were considered when developing policies32. The cumulative outputs of these work streams contributed to the pre-consultation draft CRMP. A pre-consultation was held from 18th March – 27th May 2019, which provided an opportunity for stakeholders to view and comment on an early draft of the Plan. During these ten weeks, 28 events were held across the Region to discuss the draft Plan and encourage participation in the pre-consultation. Overall, 49 responses were returned, and this feedback informed further policy development and work on the Plan to allow for consideration of wider views. The pre-consultation feedback highlighted that more substantial work was required for the re-drafting of three chapters: Natural Heritage, Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture. Workshops were arranged to discuss these chapters with Clyde Marine Planning Partnership Members, the Clyde 2020 group33 and wider sectoral stakeholders; outputs were also taken into consideration in re- drafting of the Plan. During Plan development, two public dialogue34 exercises were undertaken to enable more detailed conversation with those people not usually involved in marine planning. This work also informed policy development. 31 UK Marine Policy Statement 2010 (https://bit.ly/36gcr0V). 32 Socio-Economic Regeneration in the Clyde Marine Region – A Review of Economic Development Strategies, Policies & Reports (2018) (https://bit.ly/38Ezbcm). 33 Clyde 2020 project (https://bit.ly/2HaBvw2). 34 Public Dialogue public engagement (https://bit.ly/2H0jDny).
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18 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Using this Regional Marine Plan Role of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan The CRMP has been prepared to guide decision making that will contribute to the sustainable use of our marine resources. It provides a plan-led approach to the management the regions coastal and marine waters and aims to facilitate an integrated and informed decision-making process. The Plan policies aim to inform relevant decision making and are to guide public authorities, regulators, consenting authorities, planners and marine users to make decisions on sustainable development and use in the Clyde Marine Region (see Map 1) and to contribute towards the delivery of the Plan objectives. It is for the relevant decision maker to determine which policy, policies, or component of a policy, are relevant to a specific decision and what weight to attach to policies on a case-by-case basis. The Plan policies should not be considered or applied in isolation, they should be read as a whole. The Plan policies should be applied proportionately by decision makers. This Plan and its policies only apply to matters within the devolved competence of the Scottish Ministers. Any activities that are classified as reserved matters are out with the scope of this Plan. Throughout this plan, the terms ‘development,’ ‘use’ and ‘marine users’ are used to assist in the setting and context of policies. For this purpose, within the CRMP, the following definitions apply: Developments: These require consent from a public authority and include new development and use; maintenance activities and works; and alterations, extensions or changes in material use. Use: This can be categorised into (i) use that is or will be authorised and/or enforced by a public authority, and (ii) use that relates to general use of the marine environment, including all legitimate use not specifically addressed by a public right of use. This plan encourages all uses of the Clyde Marine Region to be carried out in line with the aims, objectives and policies of this plan. Marine Users: This refers to all legitimate users of the Clyde Marine Region, both those requiring consent and those not requiring consent, which includes people using the marine and coastal area for recreational activities. Where policies show ‘support’ for a development or activity, that ‘support’ within the policies is by the CMPP and not with regards to national policy or the decision maker. Relationship with other plans and regulations The CRMP must be in accordance with Scotland’s NMP and the UK Marine Policy Statement. The Plan does not replace or remove existing regulatory regimes or legislative requirements. It provides a consistent overarching framework to be used when reaching decisions about development and use in the Clyde Marine Region. The Plan will operate within the context of, and seeks alignment with, both statutory and non-statutory plans. This includes, but is not limited to; the National Planning Framework35, the Scottish National Adaptation Plan36, Local Development Plans37, City Region and 35 National Planning Framework 4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) 36 Scottish National Adaptation Plan 2024-2029 (https://bit.ly/42irIh3) 37 See The Relationship between the Statutory Land Use Planning System and Marine Planning and Licensing, Circular 1/2015 (https://bit.ly/2GhXQYc).
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19 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Growth Deals38, Clyde Mission39, River Basin Management Plans40, Flood Risk Management Plans41, Inshore Fisheries Group Management Plans42, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans43 and Coastal Change Adaptation Plans44.. The Plan will indicate in relevant sections where there are links to other plans, regulations or good practice initiatives pertinent to the Clyde Marine Region. The Clyde Marine Region borders the Solway and Argyll Scottish Marine Regions and the Northern Ireland marine area. These marine areas do not yet have established marine plans for this plan to consider within its development. Marine Licensing Certain developments and use in the Clyde Marine Region require a licence from the Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team on behalf of Scottish Ministers before they can be carried out45. These activities include the construction, alteration or improvement of works, dredging activity and the deposit or removal of substances and objects in the sea, amongst other things. Wellboat licensing was transferred to SEPA in November 2020. Following the delegation, the CMPP is a statutory consultee for marine pre-application consultations and marine licensing applications in the Clyde Marine Region. The Partnership will provide advice and comments to applicants and the Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team (MD-LOT) in line with relevant objectives and policies, which will include this Plan once it has been adopted by Scottish Ministers. Other licensing and authorisation decisions in the marine environment It should be noted that marine fish farming (finfish and shellfish) developments require planning permission from Planning Authorities under the land use planning system. There are some developments and/or use that are exempt from marine licencing. An example that is of particular interest to the Clyde Marine region would be moorings laid on behalf of or approved by a harbour authority. The Clyde Moorings Committee approves moorings within the Clydeport area of jurisdiction. It should be noted that for any operations affecting any SSSI in the Clyde Marine Region must seek consent from NatureScot. An HRA must be carried out by the competent authority before granting consent for operations affecting the SPA and the Ramsar Site. Marine Directorate – Licensing Operations Team is the only Licensing Authority operating under the terms of the Marine (Scotland) Act (2010). However, other organisations do issue consents to third parties intending to undertake certain works in relation to the marine and coastal environment. This includes the Ministry of Defence (MOD), Clydeport Operations Ltd. (for their area of jurisdiction), CMAL (for Brodick and Largs harbours only) and Crown Estate Scotland. These organisations must 38 City Region and Growth Deals are agreements designed to deliver long-term strategies to improve economies. In the Clyde Marine Region, there are currently three Deals in place: Glasgow City Region Deal (https://bit.ly/4fc62HO), Ayrshire Growth Deal (https://bit.ly/4f6vgr8) and Argyll and Bute Growth Deal (https://bit.ly/40eHWYC). 39 Place-based approach to maximise the full potential of the Clyde (Inner Firth from South Lanarkshire to Inverclyde on both sides of the Clyde), launched by the Scottish Government in 2020. 40 River Basin Management Plans (https://bit.ly/4tU5zBJ) 41 Flood Risk Management Plans (https://bit.ly/4d4fX3X) 42 Regional Inshore Fisheries Group (https://bit.ly/4nmJeuf) 43 Integrated Coastal Zone Management is primarily delivered through NMP, however there are examples in the Clyde Marine Regions of ICZM Plans for certain areas such as Loch Etive (https://bit.ly/3QR7LLS) and Loch Fyne (https://bit.ly/4tX7cij) 44 North Ayrshire has produced their Plan(https://bit.ly/42V25mA), whilst Argyll and Bute and South Ayrshire Plans are currently in development (https://bit.ly/4nf2vh5) 45 Further information on marine licensing in Scotland (https://bit.ly/2NRYCPY).
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20 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft take any authorisation or enforcement decisions in accordance with appropriate marine plans, unless relevant considerations indicate otherwise (section 15 of the Act). The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership is not a statutory consultee on decisions outwith those relating to a marine licence application. The processes of the Port Authorities, Clyde Moorings Committee and Crown Estate Scotland usually take place in conjunction with the Marine Licence Application process and in discussion with Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team. The marine licensing provisions of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 do not apply (MSA, section 34) to the MOD. The MOD undertakes a process which mirrors the marine licensing and EIA processes that would be required for non-defence marine construction projects in Scotland. Approach to objectives, policies and recommendations Each chapter contains objectives which support the overall vision and aims of the Plan, followed by policies and recommendations which support delivery of the objectives. Figure 3: Flow chart displaying process of development. Objectives The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 states that a regional marine plan must set ‘economic, social and marine ecosystem objectives, and objectives relating to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change’. It is also useful to indicate where the objectives consider land-sea interactions or sectoral interactions. This Plan identifies which objectives relate to which theme by using the following icons: Table 1: Icons Economic Social Marine Ecosystem Climate Change Mitigation (preventing/reducing greenhouse gas emissions) Climate Change Adaptation (adapting to the effects of climate change) Land/Sea Interactions Sectoral Interactions A monitoring and evaluation plan will be developed upon adoption of the CRMP that will review the effectiveness of the CRMP and its policies. Policies Policies within this Plan are for the use of public authorities to inform decision-making when responding to marine developers and for other marine users to understand how the policies support the sustainable development and use of the Clyde Marine Region. The policies do not aim to repeat what is in the NMP or in other legislation and regulation; they aim to add value based on issues Vision Aims Policies and recommendations Objectives
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21 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft identified by the Clyde Marine Region Assessment and to deliver the vision, aims and objectives of the Plan. Where other legislation and regulation are included, this is due to the importance of that legislation in supporting the aims and objectives of the Plan or in addressing issues identified in the Assessment. Policies often refer to ‘developments and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region’ in order to ensure that land-sea interactions are fully covered in decision-making. Application of policies Not all policies will be relevant to all proposals and if a proposal is in line with one policy it does not mean that it is in line with the Plan as a whole. Rather, proposals must align or be in accordance with the Plan overall. Applicants should provide sufficient and appropriate supporting information based on sound evidence to demonstrate that their proposal is aligned with the Plan. Early engagement with public authorities, the CMPP and relevant stakeholders will help to ensure that proposals are in accordance with this Plan. The Plan policies should be applied proportionately by public authority decision makers. Decision makers need to consider whether the type, location and/or scale of a development and/or use, and its associated impacts or effects, justify the application of a specific policy or a provision within a policy. Recommendations for marine users/local management The Clyde Marine Region Assessment identified pressures on the Region’s marine and coastal environment, such as marine litter and the spread of non-native species, which cannot be addressed through public authority decision-making alone. Recommendations for marine users/local management are included throughout the Plan to inform the general management of all activities within the Region, including those which are not managed through planning or licensing, such as marine and coastal sport, recreation and tourism. Implementation of these recommendations by marine users at the local level has a significant role in driving protection and enhancement of the marine and coastal environment and ensuring sustainable activities take place. These recommendations are not enforced or funded by public authorities and will not be subject to the monitoring and reporting obligations under section 16 of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, but are developed and promoted by a wide range of organisations, some of which are Members of the CMPP. User guidance This Plan should be read and used as a whole and in conjunction with the NMP. The general policies within the first section of the Plan are considered cross-cutting, as they are all potentially relevant to any proposal and should be adhered to in advance of the relevant sectoral policy. The sectoral policies within the second section of the Plan relate to the key current economic activities taking place in the Clyde Marine Region. These policies provide a framework to ensure that the economic, social and environmental benefits are delivered for each sector. All developments and/or use should take account of chapter 9, which applies to all sectors. Proposed developments and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region must comply with existing legislative and regulatory requirements. For further information on legislative requirements and consenting authorities, see Annex 1. Those proposing developments and/or use are strongly advised to consult
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22 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft with the relevant consenting authorities as early as possible in the development of any marine and coastal proposal. These decision-making regimes are the primary mechanism for implementing the Plan’s objectives and policies. Proposals will be supported where they are in accordance with all relevant policies of the: o NMP o NPF4 o Relevant LDPs and their supporting technical notes The flowchart below outlines the series of steps that applicants should consider and follow when working on a proposal for development and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region:
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23 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Figure 4: Flowchart illustrating the steps that applicants should consider for any proposals for development and/or use within the Clyde Marine Region Maps – CRMP and NMPi Legislative Requirements Consultation with key stakeholders Consult Clyde Regional Marine Plan maps and updated information on National Marine Plan interactive (NMPi) to understand areas of sensitivity or constraint, for example Marine Protected Areas or where other development(s) and/or activities are located. Understand and comply with the legislative requirements associated with the proposed development(s) and/or use and its potential impacts. Under The Marine Licensing (Pre-application Consultation) (Scotland) Regulations 2013, certain activities are required to undertake a pre-application consultation. This plan encourages early and proportionate consultation with stakeholders, including the local community where appropriate, about proposed development(s) and/or use. National Marine Plan Clyde Regional Marine Plan Should consider proposed development(s) and/or use are/is in line with the NMP. Marine licence application, planning application or other consent Should consider proposed development and/or use are/is in line with all general policies in this Regional Marine Plan; Section 1: General Policies Section 2: Sector Policies Then consider that proposed development(s) and/or use are/is in line with all relevant sector policies in this Regional Marine Plan.
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24 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft This Plan also contains recommendations which can be used by all marine users to ensure that they are contributing to the safe and sustainable use of the Clyde Marine Region. Each chapter in the Plan follows the same format, which includes: • A context which sets out a summary of the main information relevant to the chapter. More information on each of the chapters can be found within the Clyde Marine Region Assessment46. • Objectives and policies: objectives provide a measurable strategic aim or goal for each policy area; policies which will support delivery of the objectives are set out underneath. • In some chapters Recommendations for marine users/local management provide considerations and best practice information relating to the chapter which will also support delivery of the objectives. • Maps are included highlighting spatial information relevant to the chapter. For the latest available spatial data, see National Marine Plan interactive (NMPi)47. It is recommended that NMPi is used in conjunction with this Plan. • Links to further information relating to the chapter. Marine and land use planning alignment Marine Directorate, on behalf of Scottish Ministers, has the primary responsibility for marine planning, conservation and licensing for Scotland’s seas (this includes the area submerged at Mean High Water Spring tide out to 200 nautical miles, including estuaries, rivers or channels as far as the tide flows - this is known as the Normal Tidal Limit). Land use planning authorities are responsible for all land use planning matters down to Mean Low Water Springs and for marine fish farming (finfish and shellfish) out to twelve nautical miles where planning consent is required. In the intertidal zone, between low and high-water spring tides, land use planning authority overlaps with Marine Directorate’s responsibilities for the marine area. All proposals for development and/or use within the Clyde Marine Region should consider the linkages between land and sea and take account of the terrestrial planning frameworks (NPF4 and LDPs) where applicable. 47 National Marine Plan interactive (https://bit.ly/2UlYHiS).
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25 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Relationship between marine and land use planning policy Figure 5: Diagram illustrating the relationship between marine and land use planning policy. Many coastal zone developments and use in the terrestrial environment have links to the marine economy and can have potential impacts on marine and coastal natural, historic and cultural heritage. Proposals for developments and use across the land-sea interface, as well as aquaculture operations, often need to obtain planning permission, a marine licence and other consents and licences relating to their proposed development and operations. It is important that land use and marine planning is joined up both in strategic planning terms, but also for licensing and consents for individual applications. This should ensure that developers receive early feedback on proposed developments and/or use relating to both terrestrial and marine matters48. It should be noted that, following a review of the land use planning system, the Planning (Scotland) Act 2019 was passed by the Scottish Parliament in June 2019. National Planning Framework 4 (NPF4) was then adopted in 2023. It sets out the spatial principles, regional priorities, national development and national planning policy, replacing National Planning Framework 3 and Scottish Planning Policy. Land use planning authorities within the Clyde Marine Region Marine and coastal zone development must be in line with both marine and land use planning policy49. Within the Clyde Marine Region there are eight Local Authorities and a National Park. 48 For further information, see Planning Circular 1/2015: The relationship between the statutory land use planning system and marine planning and licensing (https://bit.ly/39nMTki). 49 The Town and Country Planning (Miscellaneous Amendments) (Scotland) Regulations 2011, require Strategic Development Plans and Local Development Plans to have regard to marine plans (https://bit.ly/4d2Nr1u) National Regional UK Marine Policy Statement NMP Clyde Regional Marine Plan National Planning Framework 4 Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy Local Development Plans Marine Planning Land Use Planning Land Use Strategy for Scotland
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26 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft The CMPP will work with its planning authorities to develop guidance documents to support decision-making in relation to this CRMP. The Regional Spatial Strategy, Local Development Plans and related Supplementary Guidance relevant to the Clyde Marine Region can be found on the relevant Planning Authority’s website: • Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy. The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) will set out the vision and spatial planning strategy for key strategic land uses and development issues in the Glasgow City Region. It will consider cross boundary matters and Local Development Plans will have regard to the RSS. (http://bit.ly/3SQe1kU) • Argyll and Bute (https://bit.ly/42M0a3P) • Glasgow City (https://bit.ly/40oPBDL) • Inverclyde (https://bit.ly/4f2SoXJ) • Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (https://bit.ly/2sTWIXI) • North Ayrshire (https://bit.ly/4hA341Y) • Renfrewshire (https://bit.ly/4ngoO6b) • South Ayrshire (https://bit.ly/4e8GPNz) • South Lanarkshire (https://bit.ly/4n9ITLc) • West Dunbartonshire (https://bit.ly/3YnHcOy) .
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27 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Map 2. Land use planning authorities within the Clyde Marine Region
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28 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Monitoring and Review Once the Plan is adopted, the CMPP will review the impact of the Plan and whether progress is being made towards achieving its objectives and improving the indicators from the Assessment. In accordance with relevant duties, the CRMP will be kept under review and a report detailing this review will be published a minimum of every three years from the date of the Plan’s adoption50. Scottish Ministers will then consider and decide if the Plan needs to be amended or replaced51. The Plan will be kept under review with regards to the effects of the policies, their effectiveness in securing the Plan’s objectives, progress towards objectives, progress towards Marine Policy Statement objectives and progress towards the objectives set out in the NMP. The review process will be informed by an appropriate monitoring and evaluation framework, which will be developed at the time of adoption. All objectives will be measured by: (1) Monitoring how objectives and policies are taken into account in the marine licence process (and in town and country planning determination processes where known), and (2) assessing the state of the marine environment through the next iteration of the Clyde Marine Region Assessment. Additional measurements, such as key indicators relating to the condition of the Clyde Marine Region in terms of ‘Clean and Safe’, ‘Healthy and Diverse’ and ‘Productive’, are included below relevant objectives within each chapter. Clyde Regional Marine Plan Action Plan An Action Plan has been developed alongside the CRMP to inform and prioritise future work of the CMPP staff, members, subgroup(s) and other stakeholders, in line with the objectives of the CRMP. The Action Plan is not a statutory document. It is currently in draft form and will need to be finalised by the CMPP. The draft document can be found on the CMPP website52. Funding needs to be sourced to support the Action Plan. Once the CRMP is finalised and adopted by Scottish Ministers, delivery of the Action Plan will serve to: • support Plan policy by providing further guidance on emerging issues to developers, decision-makers and users of the Clyde Marine Region; • respond to pre-consultation feedback where further research/data/mapping is required; • support implementation of the CRMP; • support ongoing adaptive management of marine-related issues; and • inform future iterations of the Plan by providing better spatial or other information. 50 S61 Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (https://bit.ly/4f3XZQn) 51 S16 (4) MSA - After publishing a report under subsection (3), the Scottish Ministers must decide whether or not to amend or replace the national marine plan or (as the case may be) the regional marine plan (https://bit.ly/4d9FlUX) 52 Clyde 2020 – Action Plan (https://bit.ly/4f050iA).
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29 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Section 2: General Policies Wemyss Bay as seen from a CalMac ferry travelling to the Isle of Bute.
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30 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 1: Climate Change Clyde Marine Region Context Human activities which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are the major cause of the observed average increase in global temperatures over the last century. The increase in sea temperature in the Clyde Marine Region over the last 25 years has been between 0.4oC and 0.5oC per decade53. This warming of the oceans, combined with melting land ice, is leading to a rise in sea-level. Warmer sea temperatures continue to melt sea ice which creates a positive feedback mechanism. Reduced sea ice cover accelerates the rate of ocean warming because more energy is absorbed by water that is no longer covered by ice. Changes in Arctic sea ice cover also have the potential to affect atmospheric circulation which could impact the UK’s climate54. An increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has led to increased ocean acidification. These chemical and physical changes are likely to have impacts on marine and coastal life, such as plankton species and communities which sustain marine ecosystems. Climate change will also have impacts on coastal communities and infrastructure – see Chapter 4: Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage. NPF4 introduced policies to ensure that any development proposals give significant weight to the climate and nature crises, alongside mitigating and adapting to climate change55. It is important that those proposing developments and use in the Clyde Marine Region contribute to a reduction in overall greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), and that they are resilient to current and future climate change risks and opportunities (adaptation), proportionate to the scale of development and/or use. Supporting and maintaining ecosystem functions enables resilience to climate change for people, biodiversity and the environment. It is also important that human activities do not impact on species and habitats that may be sensitive to future impacts of climate change. For example, some species with affinities for colder conditions may move northwards as the sea warms. Carbon stores can be found in sediment, seaweed, seagrass, saltmarsh and animals (for example in carbon-based structures such as shells and coral). The Clyde Marine Region contains examples of all of these carbon stores (See Maps CC 1 & CC 2). Examples of many of the most important stores occur within the Marine Protected Area network (see Chapter 5: Natural Heritage), which provides some protection. It is important to avoid damage to significant carbon stores, including those that do not occur within the Marine Protected Area network. Threats to carbon stores can include the physical disturbance of seabed sediments, habitat loss, increased turbidity, increased seawater temperatures and ocean acidification. These threats can affect the ability of plants to photosynthesise and of some organisms to form carbon-based structures like shells and maerl. Species near the edges of their thermally limited geographical ranges may also be threatened. 53 Section 3 of the Clyde Marine Region Assessment (2017) (https://bit.ly/3UrVjkE). 54 Marine Climate Change Impacts: Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/3Uu1gO5). 55 Policy 1 and 2, NPF4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) at a salt marsh on the Isle of Arran.
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31 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Objectives Objective CC 1 Development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are carbon neutral and resilient to the impacts of climate change by 2045. Objective CC 2 Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Clyde Marine Region. Policies Supports Obj CC 1 Supports Aim 1, 2, 3 and 4. Policy CC 1 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered appropriate and proportionate measures to: a) minimise emissions of greenhouse gases over the lifespan of the proposal; b) adapt to the current and future likely impacts of climate change over the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required; and c) support or increase sustainable transport use and local transport solutions if applicable. Supports Obj CC 2 Supports Aim 1 and 3. Policy CC 2 Proposals for development and/or use should avoid significant harm or damage to carbon stores, including those in intertidal habitats in the Clyde Marine Region. Where an impact on a recognised carbon store (see Maps CC 1 & 2) may occur, it should be demonstrated prior to development taking place that any impacts can be suitably mitigated, using the mitigation hierarchy56. Supports Obj CC 2 Supports Aim 1 and 3. Policy CC 3 Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to deliver positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores (as identified in the Scottish Blue Carbon Action Plan)57 including to support their expansion Supports Obj CC 2 Supports Aim 1 and 3. Policy CC 4 Proposals for the enhancement of marine and coastal natural carbon stores, such as habitat restoration or creation and native species restoration, and proposals for other nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change will be supported and encouraged where they demonstrate consideration of potential climate change impacts on the proposal, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. 56 The mitigation hierarchy is a tool applied to minimise the negative impacts on biodiversity from development(s) and/or use. This tool can also be used to mitigate other negative impacts, such as those on carbon stores. The steps of the hierarchy include: avoidance, minimisation, rehabilitation/restoration and offsetting. 57 Scottish Government Blue Carbon Action Plan 2025 (https://bit.ly/3NqDFh3)
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32 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Support Obj CC1 Supports Aim 1 and 3 Policy CC 5 Proposals for nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change are encouraged and will be supported where they demonstrate appropriate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj CC 3 Recommendation CC 1 Developments are encouraged to promote climate justice and help society and the environment to be more resilient to the current and future likely impacts of climate change.
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35 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a Special Report in October 2018 (https://bit.ly/38vhoEv) alongside a Summary to Policymakers (https://bit.ly/3efF7MB). • The Met Office provides UK Climate Projections (https://bit.ly/38yVkcc). • The UK Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership provides co-ordinated advice on climate change impacts and adaptation around our coast and seas from scientists, government, its agencies and non-governmental organisations (https://bit.ly/37mCFjv). • Adaptation Scotland provides advice and support to help Scotland be prepared and resilient to the effects of climate change (https://bit.ly/2GcPSj5). • Scotland’s National Adaptation programme 2024-2029, is a five-year programme to prepare Scotland for the challenges it will face as the climate continues to change (https://bit.ly/42irIh3) • Scottish Government Blue Carbon Action Plan 2025 (https://bit.ly/3NqDFh3) • Climate Ready Clyde provides a strategic approach, working in partnership with other organisations, to create a vision and action plan for climate change adaptation in the Glasgow City Region (https://bit.ly/2RDtzs4). • Tidal Flooding on the Clyde Options Analysis and Scoping of Adaptation Pathways (2022) (https://bit.ly/3OIxbL5) • For updated figures on carbon stored within Scottish marine sediments, please refer to Re- Evaluating Scotland’s Sedimentary Carbon Stocks (2020) (https://bit.ly/2wDKmEY). • NatureScot published a literature review of the current evidence for Scotland’s blue carbon habitats in 2023 (https://bit.ly/4uMMSB7) • A Compendium of Marine Related Carbon Stores, Sequestrations and Emissions (2020) is a report which assembles quantitative estimates of marine carbon stores, sequestration rates and emissions rates relevant to Scotland (https://bit.ly/34xfySD). • Infrastructure and climate change: main climate-related risks to the UK’s economic infrastructure, measures to reduce these risks and the main challenges to implementing resilience measures (2020) (https://bit.ly/2VzKVZC). • Marine Directorate Assessment: Natural Capital, Ecosystem Services and the Blue Economy (2020) (https://bit.ly/3DJQ1aH).
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36 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 2: Historic Environment Clyde Marine Region Context The historic environment includes all aspects resulting from the interaction between people and places through time, encompassing all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried or submerged. Cultural heritage is the legacy of customs, practices, values and objects that is inherited from past generations and can include non- structural (e.g. artwork, boats and equipment) and intangible heritage (e.g. art, songs and traditional maritime activities). The Clyde Marine Region has a rich maritime history linked to its industrial past, fishing activity and destination as a key shipping port. The historic environment and cultural heritage cover both sea- and land-based activities. Our built heritage includes maritime wrecks, historic buildings and sites, maritime and heritage museums, historic ports, docks, quays, warehouses, cranes and can also include submerged paleo-landscape features58. The historic environment and cultural assets in the Region make a notable contribution to visitor and tourism experiences, as well as providing an educational resource and contributing to the sense of place. The preservation of these assets helps to foster the historical and cultural identity of the Clyde Marine Region. It is important to understand each site, including its setting, as well as its conservation requirements, in order to understand the effect that any development and/or use may have. In the Region, there is a Historic Marine Protected Area designated to preserve what is believed to be the wrecked vessel of the Clyde built paddle steamer Iona I, a marine historic asset of national importance (see Map HE 1). This chapter applies to designated and non-designated heritage assets and sites. Development at these sites may also be subject to separate consenting processes (see Annex 2). Spatial data and information on designated sites can be accessed through Scotland’s Environment Web59. The National Record of the Historic Environment60 and relevant local authority Historic Environment Records also provide important records of non-designated sites which may provide a useful source of additional information. Proposals should refer to national policy and guidance set by Historic Environment Scotland61, as well as have regard where relevant to NPF462 and the appropriate local development plan. For more information on historic environment management and consenting processes, see Annex 2. 58 Sea level was up to 45 m lower 10,000 years ago so there may be surviving prehistoric archaeology now situated under water. 59 Scotland’s Environment Web (https://bit.ly/4fg4jkJ) 60 National Record of the Historic Environment (https://bit.ly/4e45oLn). 61 Planning and Guidance, Historic Environment Scotland (https://bit.ly/4d3vsYy) 62 Historic Assets and Places, NPF4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) Lochranza Castle on the Isle of Arran.
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37 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Objectives Objective HE 1 Marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets in the Clyde Marine Region, whether visible, buried, submerged or intangible, are valued, protected and enhanced. Objective HE 2 People’s knowledge and experience of the marine and coastal historic environment is enhanced through improved awareness of the historic environment and cultural assets of the Clyde Marine Region. Policies Supports Obj HE 1 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy HE 1 Proposals for development and/or use should protect, and where appropriate, enhance marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets, their context and accessibility63. If detrimental impact on historic environment and cultural assets is unavoidable, development(s) and/or use should: a) demonstrate that alternative proposals have been explored; b) minimise impacts on these assets; and c) ensure mitigation measures are in place. Supports Obj HE 1 Supports Aim 2, 3 and 4 Policy HE 2 Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged, where they are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan, to identify opportunities for enhancement of historic environment and cultural assets and/or their accessibility. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports HE 2 Recommendation HE 1 Efforts should be made to protect and promote non-structural and intangible marine and coastal cultural heritage. For example, through museums, visitor centres, festivals, or incorporation into development proposals. 63 Proposals that may affect the marine and coastal historic environment should take account of The Historic Environment Policy for Scotland and the Conserving Our Underwater Heritage Guidance.
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39 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Historic Environment Scotland (https://bit.ly/2Gi0Dk8) resources including: o The Historic Environment Policy for Scotland (2019) is a policy statement directing decision-making that affects the historic environment (https://bit.ly/2NRDfOm), o Conserving Our Underwater Heritage (2025) (https://bit.ly/42RGlYU) o ‘Our Past, Our Future’: The Strategy for Scotland’s Historic Environment (2023) (https://bit.ly/4uubrl0) o Historic Environment Scotland Circular: Regulations and Procedures (2019) (https://bit.ly/2TQC6L4), o Guidelines on the selection, designation and management of Historic Marine Protected Areas (https://bit.ly/3b6RNn9), o HES Heritage Portal (https://bit.ly/31k3qa7), o HES Managing Change in the Historic Environment Guidance Notes (https://bit.ly/31vxj7E), o Pastmap (https://bit.ly/3nWq3sP), o Corporate Plan 2025-2028 (https://bit.ly/49fi7LM), and o Trove National Record of the Historic Environment (http://bit.ly/46ISkuQ) • A series of Managing Change documents provide non-statutory guidance for managing the changing historic environment and applying Government policies (https://bit.ly/2TNIJxC) • Local Development Plan and any accompanying supplementary guidance or strategy: of the relevant Planning Authority (see page 20). • Institute for Archaeologists: Standard and Guidance for Nautical Archaeological Recording and Reconstruction (https://bit.ly/48Jt4oP) • West of Scotland Archaeology Service maintains the Historic Environment Record, a complete record of all known archaeological sites, finds, fieldwork and research for the West of Scotland, for most of the planning authorities in the Clyde Marine Region (https://bit.ly/3aR2qdM) • British Sub-Aqua Club provides guidance on preserving maritime heritage; visit the Respect our wrecks page (https://bit.ly/2O26fTF) • SCAPE (The Scottish Coastal Archaeology and the Problem of Erosion) charity research, conserves and promotes the archaeology of Scotland’s coast (https://bit.ly/2Rvturv) • Map your heritage portal, created by PERICLES, allows you to view and add data related to maritime cultural heritage (https://bit.ly/3hdLbXE). PERICLES is an EU-funded research and innovation project running from 2018 – 2021 to promote sustainable, participatory governance of cultural heritage in European coastal and maritime regions, including the west coast of Scotland.
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40 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General policy 3: Landscape/Seascape Clyde Marine Region Context Whilst the term ‘landscape’ may be well understood, the term ‘seascape’ is less known. Seascape refers to an ‘area as perceived by people, from land, sea, or air, where the sea is a key element of the physical environment’64. It is important to protect or enhance the landscape/seascape qualities of an area, as they provide part of our spectacular scenery and contribute significantly to a sense of place, supporting wellbeing and quality of life. Developments and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region have the potential to positively or negatively impact the landscape/seascape. Impacts are specific to a particular development or activity, its location and setting. For the purposes of this Plan, references to seascape should be taken as meaning landscapes with views of the coast or sea, and the adjacent marine environment with cultural, historical and archaeological links with each other65. The Clyde Marine Region is unique in Scotland in terms of the amount and expanse of sea broadly contained by the mainland, extending northwards from Ayrshire round to the Mull of Kintyre. The variety of seascapes can be seen when travelling northwards through the Region from open sea, sounds or straits and lochs that make up the inner channels. The quality of the Clyde Marine Region’s landscape has been recognised nationally by the designation of National Scenic Areas (NSAs) and a National Park – Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (LLTNP). The NSAs are focussed in the northern and central parts of the Region and include North Arran NSA and Kyles of Bute NSA. The Wild Land Areas (WLAs), North Arran and Waterhead Moor-Muirshiel, are also recognised as nationally important landscapes. Locally important landscapes are recognised by the designation of Local Landscape Areas (LLAs) or equivalent local landscape designations as defined in the relevant Local Development Plan. Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park includes areas of coastline and coastal views and is Scotland’s largest Regional Park. All these nationally and locally important landscapes benefit from the seascape setting of the Clyde Marine Region as highlighted in their special qualities or citations (See Map SCAPE 1). The Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde was prepared in 2013 for the then Firth of Clyde Forum to identify key coastal characteristics and their sensitivities to development or change; it also identifies different types of coastline (see Map SCAPE 2). The terminology used for different types of coastline in the Seascape/Landscape Assessment may differ from the terminology used in Local Development Plans. The Seascape/Landscape Assessment forms the baseline for sensitivity/capacity for Seascape Landscape Visual Impact Assessments of specific coastal zone and marine development proposals (including for example aquaculture and marine renewables). The Coastal Character Assessment Guidance developed by Scottish Natural Heritage (now NatureScot) presents a methodology for Coastal Character Assessment that complements terrestrial Landscape Character Assessment. This should be followed where further assessment is required. 64 European Landscape Convention 2000 (https://bit.ly/40e1oVu). 65 UK Marine Policy Statement 2011 (https://bit.ly/3C6JBp5). Lochgoilhead on the Cowal peninsula.
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41 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Objectives Objective SCAPE 1 Nationally and locally important landscape/seascape character of the Clyde Marine Region is protected and enhanced, at both a wider and a local level, to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. Policies Supports Obj SCAPE 1 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy SCAPE 1 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where appropriate: a) the Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde, the relevant planning authority Landscape Assessments and other relevant Strategic Development Frameworks, character appraisals or supporting documentation; b) how the proposal takes into account its effects on the existing character, experience and quality of the landscape/seascape. Where negative or intrusive visual effects are likely, steps should be taken to avoid or minimise effects. This includes developed, altered and cultural landscapes as well as natural areas; and c) a high standard of design, in terms of siting, scale, colour, materials and form to ensure the development or coastal use change will be accommodated within specific landscape and seascape types (as shown in Map SCAPE 2). Supports Obj SCAPE 1 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy SCAPE 2 Proposals for development and/or use in the Inner Clyde estuary should consider how the proposal takes into account its effects on the distinctive character of the River Clyde66 Development Corridor67. Supports Obj SCAPE 1 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy SCAPE 3 Proposals for development and/or use that affect National Scenic Areas, National and Regional Parks, or Local Landscape Areas should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) they will not adversely affect the integrity of the area or its special qualities for which it has been designated; or b) any such adverse effects are clearly outweighed by social, environmental or economic benefits of national importance (or local importance for Local Landscape Areas). It should be considered whether or not a Design Statement is required to support a proposal for development or use that affects a National Scenic Area or National or Regional Park. 66 Local Development Plans refer to the Inner Clyde estuary as the River Clyde 67 River Clyde Development Corridor Strategic Development Framework (https://bit.ly/4puDZci)
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42 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj SCAPE 1 Recommendation rSCAPE 1 Efforts should be made to maintain developments, infrastructure and facilities in a coastal or marine location in such a way that they do not have a significant adverse impact on the landscape/seascape qualities of an area.
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45 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Clyde Marine Planning Partnership: ‘Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde’, carried out on behalf of the Firth of Clyde Forum (2013) (https://bit.ly/37yU7l1). • NatureScot: Landscape policy and guidance (https://bit.ly/2t42Xbv), including guidance on wild land (https://bit.ly/34FNqNb) and Coastal Character Assessments (https://bit.ly/2tMTohC). • Local Development Plan landscape policies and supporting guidance are available on the relevant Local Authority website – see page 20.
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46 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 4: Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage Flood Risk Management Plans68 coordinate efforts at the national level to tackle flooding in Scotland, including flooding at the coast. Local Flood Risk Management Plans69 have been developed in parallel and provide additional local detail on funding and a timetable for actions. The National Flood Resilience Strategy70 was published in 2024 and sets out a vision for building flood resilience in Scotland through to 2045 and beyond. Clyde Marine Region Context Sea-level rise will increasingly affect many parts of the Clyde Marine Region’s coast, bringing increased risks of estuarine and coastal erosion and flooding. In some places this may threaten coastal communities, important infrastructure, and natural assets. Cumulative sea-level rise is projected to be at least 85 cm higher in 2100 than in 2017 around the Region71. At the coast the impacts may be further exacerbated through increased storm wave heights and increases in river and surface water flooding. Natural coasts dynamically respond to these risks and can sometimes offer the best management options if enough space is available. For example, in places around the Region, the coastal zone acts to help protect against the increased threat of coastal flooding. The coastal zone should therefore be considered as a resource extending across the land-sea interface. As land use planning extends to Mean Low Water Springs and marine planning reaches Mean High Water Springs, it is important that both planning regimes co-ordinate policy within the coastal zone. NPF4 recognises that coastal development proposals will only be supported where they are deemed to be viable in the face of climate change projections72. In order to improve coastal resilience, land use development plans and open space strategies should consider the coastal zone as a unit and take into account the potential impacts of current and future sea-level rise, storminess and coastal erosion risk when developing or adjusting the zoning and strategic development vision for coastal areas. Where possible, low-lying areas of vacant and derelict coastline should be assessed for their potential to provide space for settlements and natural ecosystems to adapt to climate change73. Authorities are encouraged to develop strategies for pro-active management to reduce the risk of coastal erosion and flooding, for example through integration of coastal change adaptation planning into land use planning and development frameworks. The Clyde Marine Region has many different types of coast; parts of the Region have artificial structures such as quay walls whilst in other places natural features, such as rocky shores, provide 68 Flood Risk Management Plans (https://bit.ly/4d4fX3X) 69 Scotland has been divided into 14 Local Plan Districts, and a Flood Risk Management Plan has been prepared for each district. Local Flood Risk Management Plans have been published by the local authority who is nominated as the lead local authority for the Local Plan District. These plans will explain in more detail how and when the action set out in the plans, for 2022-2028 will be delivered. 70 The National Flood Resilience Strategy (2024) (https://bit.ly/4euISzx) 71 UK Climate Projections 18 (https://bit.ly/3BX45AG) 72 Policy 10, NPF4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) 73 For example, the Impacts of sea-level rise and storm surges due to climate change in the Firth of Clyde report (2017) considered future managed realignment opportunities at: Inner Clyde North, Inner Clyde South, Newshot Island and Holy Loch (https://bit.ly/2U3T2Oj). Saltmarsh habitat near Bowling.
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47 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft coastal defence Saltmarsh, beaches or sand dunes also provide coastal defences in places, but can continually change through natural processes. Safeguarding areas where there are natural assets, such as saltmarsh or sand dunes, allows nature to provide coastal flood and storm alleviation along with other benefits which include water purification, fish and shellfish nurseries, carbon sequestration (see Chapter 1: Climate Change) and opportunities for recreation and tourism. It is important to ensure that these habitats can adapt to climate change but also to allow space for this adaptation further inland as appropriate. The Clyde Marine Region has several existing flood and storm damage alleviation schemes in place though these may stop functioning effectively at some point in the future. Where it is not possible to use natural assets for coastal flood and storm alleviation, it is recommended that measures to enhance the biodiversity value of traditional hard engineering solutions are used wherever possible. Objective Objective CP 1 Development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region are resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets74 and soft engineering where possible. Policies Supports Obj CP 1 Supports Aim 1, 2, 3 and 4 Policy CP 1 Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High-Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP75 sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required; b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments; c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan; d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area; f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and 74 E.g. saltmarsh, sand dunes and mudflats 75 UK Climate Projections (https://bit.ly/2topQGF)
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48 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure76 where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. Supports Obj CP 1 Supports Aim 1, 2, 3 and 4 Policy CP 2 Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment and it is in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. Supports Obj CP 1 Supports Aim 1, 2, 3 and 4 Policy CP 3 The installation of new or replacement flood defences, coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works will be encouraged if coastal erosion or flooding threatens existing public infrastructure, important built development, including historic environment features, and where relocation options are not feasible. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj CP 1 Supports Aim 1, 2, 3 and 4 Policy CP 4 For large marine and coastal infrastructure projects below the Mean High Water Springs that involve an element of lock-in or irreversibility , a climate change risk assessment (detailing flooding and coastal change risks to communities, businesses and infrastructure77) should be undertaken and proportionate adaptation features should be included within the proposal in line with best practice guidelines. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj CP 1 Recommendation CP 1 Communication and connectivity between marine users and land users is encouraged to ensure that the coastal zone is managed and protected appropriately. 76 Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure refers to greening the greyest parts of our towns, cities or coasts that must remain largely grey for their primary function. 77 UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017 (https://bit.ly/3GQ7uiN)
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51 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • The Dynamic Coast project provides a publicly available evidence base of coastal change across Scotland via 240 site summaries and public web maps. The mapped data is available to download into dedicated mapping systems making it possible for local authorities and others to use the data (https://bit.ly/37BlT02). • Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Planning Guidance and Advice Notes (https://bit.ly/4thxVok) Technical Flood Risk Guidance for Stakeholders – SEPA requirements for undertaking a Flood Risk Assessment (https://bit.ly/2uIRIW8). • NatureScot commissioned report No. 891: Impacts of sea-level rise and storm surges due to climate change in the Firth of Clyde (2017) (https://bit.ly/2vp9m1C). • UK Climate Projections website (https://bit.ly/2uDSX9d). • Local Plan Districts listed on SEPA’s website for Flood Risk Management Plans (https://bit.ly/4d4fX3X) • Climate Ready Clyde (https://bit.ly/2O5XPuJ), in particular the Climate Risk and Opportunity Assessment (2018) (https://bit.ly/3NCCG9J). • Naylor, LA., Kippen, H, Coombes, MA., et al. (2017). Greening the Grey: a framework for integrated green grey infrastructure (IGGI). A University of Glasgow report. Appendix 4: Coastal (https://bit.ly/37Cq5gm). • Ecostructure (Climate Change Adaptation through Ecologically-Sensitive Coastal Infrastructure) project outputs (https://bit.ly/3Yc0je4).
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52 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 5: Natural Heritage On a global scale, recent assessments have found that ‘nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide’78. The Convention on Biological Diversity set 20 global targets, known as the Aichi Targets, to be met by 2020. Scotland was found to have met nine of the targets, with progress being made on the remaining eleven, but insufficient to meet the target by 202079. In 2020, The Environment Strategy for Scotland was published, and it sets out an ambitious vision to restore nature and half biodiversity loss by 204580. Steps to achieve that vision are set out in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy, with one of the four outcomes targeting the health, condition and resilience of marine and coastal environments81. Good progress has been made in achieving some of the actions82 such as the publication of the Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan in 202483 and the UK Cetacean Conservation Strategy in 202584. However, the latest State of the Nature Report shows that the pressures on the marine environment remain significant, with evidence of change in pelagic habitats and plankton communities, and an average decline of 49% in seabirds85. In 2026, an update on progress towards achieving Good Environmental Status (GES) was published. The data found that out of 11 descriptors, GES was met in 2, and was partially met, not met or uncertain in the remaining 986. Efforts are being made to address biodiversity loss, but it’s evident more must be done. In NPF4, development proposals which will have an unacceptable impact on the natural environment will not be supported, demonstrating the emphasis on protecting our natural heritage87. The Plan has scope to support the actions set out in the Scottish Biodiversity Delivery Plan as it informs decision making and guides development and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. Applicants requiring a marine licence may also require other consents or to carry out certain assessments. For guidance on national and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments, see Annex 1. 78 Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science- Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019) (https://bit.ly/2RyJDwt). 79 Scotland’s Biodiversity Progress to 2020 Aichi Targets – Final Report (https://bit.ly/42gN7r0) 80 The Vision is ‘By 2045: By restoring nature and ending Scotland’s contribution to climate change, our country is transformed for the better – helping to secure the wellbeing of our people and planet for generations to come’ (2020) (https://bit.ly/4cUsiI1) 81 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy to 2045 (https://bit.ly/419arGy) 82 Scottish Biodiversity Delivery Plan 2024-2030 (2024) (https://bit.ly/4uorlxl) 83 Scottish Seabird Conservation Action Plan (2024) (https://bit.ly/4wc73sy) 84 UK Cetacean Conservation Strategy (2025) (https://bit.ly/42bDmKG) 85 Scotland findings in State of Nature Report (2023) (https://bit.ly/4dtgDjr) 86 UK Marine Strategy Part One: Updated assessment and Good Environmental Status (2026) (https://bit.ly/4d3qOtT) 87 Policy 4 NPF4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) A common seal (Phoca vitulina) near the Isle of Arran.
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53 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Clyde Marine Region Context Healthy and functioning ecosystems and biodiversity play vital roles in human existence and good quality of life. Many activities and businesses in the Clyde Marine Region are reliant on healthy ecosystems but may also negatively impact some elements of natural heritage that underpin ecosystem function. Examples include habitat and species loss, environmental disturbance and degradation, the introduction of invasive non-native species and/or as a direct or indirect driver of climate change. While some species can adapt to and even take advantage of human activities, the majority cannot. Species, habitats and their physical environments provide a range of ecosystem services that deliver tangible benefits that society relies on, such as the provision of fish and shellfish, storm protection, carbon capture, nutrient cycling and breakdown of waste. Other important benefits include recreation, enjoyment of seascape and landscape character and a sense of place – all of which contribute to wellbeing and, in many cases, also support economic activities dependent on these opportunities. While the Clyde Marine Region is home to a diverse range of marine and coastal habitats and species, the Clyde Marine Region Assessment88 shows that many of these were in poor condition (this assessment was published in 2017). This is leading to a reduced provision of ecosystem services and, consequently, undermining the capacity of the environment to support sustainable economic activities. As noted in the Assessment, species and habitats of particular concern within the Clyde Marine Region include: intertidal rock and sediments, biogenic reefs; shallow and shelf subtidal sediment habitats; marine fish and shellfish; sharks, skates and rays; whales, dolphins and porpoises; and seabirds and waterbirds. This Plan aims to protect and enhance the Region’s marine environment ensuring that species and habitats, contribute fully as part of a well-functioning ecosystems that supports and provides services and benefits in the future. Many species and habitats are protected by national and international legislation. Anyone proposing development(s) and/or use of the Clyde Marine Region should be aware of existing legislation, in addition to the policies in this Plan89. One of the main mechanisms of conservation in the Region is through designated sites which are part of the Marine Protected Area (MPA) network (see Map NH 1 and Table 1)90. Designation of these sites, together with their effective conservation and/or management objectives91, can make an important contribution to help counteract the effect of human activities and protect and enhance ecosystem health and function. Some notable habitats and species in the Region are classified as Priority Marine Features92 (PMFs), including maerl beds (Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithothamnion glaciale and Lithotamnion corralloides), seagrass beds (Zostera noltii, Zostera marina, Zostera angustifolia and Ruppia maritima) and flame shell beds (Limaria hians). These habitats provide shelter and protection to many other species and provide nursery areas for a range of fish and shellfish species, including 88 The Clyde Marine Region Assessment (2017) provides an overview of the condition of habitats and species in the Region; including the ecosystem services and benefits provided. (https://bit.ly/37KK8cB) 89 This includes, but is not limited to Habitats Directive, The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981, The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994 and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). People participating in any activities taking place on the shoreline must be aware that it is an offence to disturb many species, and in particular of the potential to cause disturbance to ground nesting birds and harass hauled out seals and are required to take appropriate action to avoid this. 90 The Marine Protected Area (MPA) network includes Nature Conservation MPAs, Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas, Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Ramsar sites. 91 SPA conservation objectives, NCMPA Management advice/options and SSSI citations and site management statements sites are available to view on SiteLink (https://bit.ly/2V2a53g). 92 PMFs are a prioritised list of marine habitats and species considered to be of national conservation importance; many are found in the Clyde Marine Region. They provide a focus for conservation action and marine planning. In the Clyde, some PMFs are only protected through MPA designations. PMFs are also protected under other legislation, designations or international agreements, including: the Habitats Directive, Wildlife and Countryside Act, CITES, OSPAR threatened and/or declining habitats and species, IUCN Global Red list status.
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54 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft commercially important species. The broad PMF habitat type ‘burrowed mud’ is widespread around the Region and supports many burrowing species like Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), fireworks anemone (Pachycerianthus multiplicatus) and the tall sea pen (Funiculina quadrangularis). The upwelling of nutrients during the summer months provides rich feeding grounds for large mobile species, such as minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) are commonly found in the Clyde throughout the year, particularly around the inner Firth. Other mobile species within the Region include diadromous fish, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) which migrate between freshwater and seawater at different parts of their lifecycle, and sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs), such as spurdog/spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). The area is home to a variety of bird species, some of which are features of Special Protection Areas within the Clyde, such as gannets (Morus bassanus) on Ailsa Craig and redshanks (Tringa totanus) on the intertidal mudflats of the Inner Clyde estuary. There are particular challenges associated with protecting populations of migratory species because the limiting factors may lie outwith the Clyde Marine Region. Rising sea temperature is also a significant consideration for the future health of the Clyde as an increase in sea temperature will likely change the abundance and distribution of species93, including non-native and invasive species. Objectives Objective NH 1 The overall health of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Clyde Marine Region and the ecosystem services they provide are protected and enhanced, particularly with regard to achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for the relevant Marine Protected Area network sites, other coastal designated sites, Priority Marine Features (irrespective of location), and other protected habitats and species. Objective NH 2 Development and use of the marine and coastal environment, in combination with measures to protect habitats and species, have an overall positive impact on biodiversity and the health of the Clyde ecosystem. Objective NH 3 Knowledge and data on marine and coastal species, habitats and ecosystems within the Clyde Marine Region are improved to identify opportunities for their protection and enhancement and to inform sustainable development. Policies Supports Obj NH 1 – 3 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy NH 1 Proposals for development and/or use should a) demonstrate that they have considered the potential for cumulative impacts affecting the marine and coastal environment; b) ensure that there are no significant adverse impacts on the national status of Priority Marine Features; and c) demonstrate how any potential significant adverse impacts on Marine Protected Areas, or Priority Marine Features have been avoided, minimised and/or appropriately mitigated. 93 MCCIP Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/3Uu1gO5), please note many of the predictions are only made with medium confidence.
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55 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Supports Obj NH 1 – 3 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy NH 2 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered the following where relevant: a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives94; b) supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy95; c) opportunities to enhance biodiversity and associated ecosystem services; and d) potential significant impacts on bird species that have been identified as declining through the use of appropriate tools and/or methods. Supports Obj NH 1-2 Supports Aim 3 Policy NH 3 Proposals for biodiversity and/or ecosystem enhancement will be encouraged, where this is in accordance with the other policies within this Plan, to demonstrate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and take potential climate change impacts on the proposal into account. Supports Obj NH 1 & 2 Supports Aim 3 Policy NH 4 Proposals for development and/or use that may limit the ability of diadromous fish species and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Clyde Marine Region should demonstrate that they have considered if suitable mitigation measures are in place and there should be no significant adverse impacts. Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj NH 1 & 2 Recommendation rNH 1 Where a licence is not required, users carrying out small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed are encouraged to consider the potential ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities within proximity to each other. Communication between users carrying out seaweed harvesting operations within proximity to each other is encouraged. 94 This information for each of the designated sites is available on SiteLink (https://bit.ly/37v12eZ). Note there is no specific management advice/guidance for the Inner Clyde RAMSAR site, however the boundaries of the Inner Clyde SPA and SSSI are coincident and the SPA Conservation Objectives and SSSI Citation and Operations Requiring Consent should be used. 95 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (https://bit.ly/38KmkWc).
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59 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Table 2 –Relevant nature conservation designated sites to be considered by development(s) and use within/adjacent to the Clyde Marine Region Designation Site name Sites that contribute to the Marine Protected Area network in the Clyde Marine Region96 1. RAMSAR Inner Clyde 2. Special Protection Area (SPA) Inner Clyde 3. SPA Ailsa Craig 4. Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA) Clyde Sea Sill 5. NCMPA South Arran 6. NCMPA Upper Loch Fyne and Loch Goil 7. Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Inner Clyde 8. SSSI Ailsa Craig 9. SSSI Ballochmartin Bay 10. SSSI Kames Bay 11. SSSI Southannan Sands 12. SSSI Bogside Flats Other relevant coastal sites within the Clyde Marine Region These are located at the coast and are designated for geological features and biological features that are marine and/or coastal, or features that are reliant on the marine and/or coastal environment 13. SSSI – Biological Sanda Islands 14. SSSI – Biological Ruel Estuary 15. SSSI – Biological North end of Bute 16. SSSI – Biological Western Gailes 17. SSSI – Biological Troon Golf links and Foreshore 18. SSSI – Biological Turnberry Dunes 19. SSSI – Biological Ballantrae Shingle Beach 20. SSSI – Geological Strone Point, North Loch Fyne 21. SSSI – Geological Rhu Point 22. SSSI – Geological Dumbarton Rock 23. SSSI – Geological Largs Coast section 24. SSSI – Geological Ardrossan to Saltcoats coast 25. SSSI – Geological Turnberry Lighthouse to Port Murray 26. SSSI – Geological Girvan to Ballantrae Coast 27. SSSI – Geological Scavoch 28. SSSI – Geological North Newton Shore 29. SSSI – Geological Laggan 30. SSSI – Geological Corrie foreshore and Limestone Mines 31. SSSI – Geological South Coast of Arran 32. SSSI – Geological Dippin Head 33. SSSI – Geological Drumadoon - Tormore 34. SSSI – Mixed Maidens to Doonfoot 35. SSSI – Mixed Ailsa Craig 36. SSSI - Mixed Clauchlands Point - Corrygills 96 The Historic Marine Protected Area Iona I is also part of the Marine Protected Area Network in the Clyde Marine Region, but it is not relevant to the policies within this chapter.
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60 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft More information on each of these sites is available at: https://bit.ly/37v12eZ. Management advice for NCMPAs is available here: • South Arran MPA (https://bit.ly/4iTIHNe) • Upper Loch Fyne and Loch Goil (https://bit.ly/3E98l1t) • Clyde Sea Sill management (https://bit.ly/4chNQMM) Management advice for the Ailsa Craig SPA is available here (https://bit.ly/4gLb2Hg) Further information • NatureScot (https://bit.ly/3aP5xTH) is the public body responsible for natural heritage in Scotland. • Marine Directorate (https://bit.ly/3Um4qTO) is the government agency responsible for the integrated management of Scotland’s seas. Marine Directorate have provided guidance for the protection of Marine European Protected Species from injury and disturbance for Scottish Inshore Waters (https://bit.ly/3NKAUmV). • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code (https://bit.ly/2RyVgn8) provides guidance to those watching marine wildlife or who may encounter it during other marine and coastal activities. • Scottish Outdoor Access Code (https://bit.ly/2vqYmkh) provides guidance on looking after the environment when you are outdoors. • Planning Authority Biodiversity information: o Argyll and Bute Council (https://bit.ly/2O7H95Q) o Glasgow City Council (https://bit.ly/2vvYFul) o Inverclyde Council (https://bit.ly/2RRyxRW) o Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park (https://bit.ly/2tPMUyw) o North Ayrshire Council (https://bit.ly/3YfZX6t) o Renfrewshire Council (https://bit.ly/4whhzPl) o South Ayrshire Council (https://bit.ly/3Um4RNW) o South Lanarkshire Council (https://bit.ly/2XySd1A) o West Dunbartonshire Council (https://bit.ly/4eYLt1S) • Scottish Government Planning Guidance: Biodiversity. This guidance sets out the Scottish Ministers’ expectations for implementing NPF4 policies which support the cross-cutting NPF4 outcome ‘improving biodiversity’ (https://bit.ly/4cUtnQ5) • The Feature Activity Sensitivity Tool (FEAST - https://bit.ly/3NEvEkO) has been developed by JNCC, NatureScot and Marine Directorate and the tool enables users to explore what is known about MPA protected feature sensitivity to pressures and the marine activities that can cause them. • The Scottish Biodiversity Strategy to 2045 (https://bit.ly/419arGy) • Information on the Conservation of Wild Salmon and specific regulations, is available on the Scottish Government website (https://bit.ly/4fhtFi2). • The Ramsar convention seeks contracting parties to adopt the ‘wise use’ of wetlands approach (https://bit.ly/2RTooo0). This approach delivers conservation and sustainable use of wetland and the services they provide, for the benefit of people and nature. • Priority Marine Features (PMFs) (https://bit.ly/2uIslno). Some PMFs are protected separately through other legislation or other designations, such as the Habitats Directive, Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), OSPAR threatened and/or declining habitats and species, Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat/species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature Global Red list status.
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61 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft • The Green Blue is a joint environment programme between the Royal Yachting Association and British Marine, which aims to inspire sustainable recreational boating for cleaner, healthier waters (https://bit.ly/2O64Awo). • The Scottish Government has developed guidance in relation to the offence of seal harassment at designated seal haul-out sites (https://bit.ly/48jL8UU).
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62 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 6: Non-Native Species Non-native species are those that have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced outside their native range, often as an outcome of human activity. Once established, if these species threaten biodiversity and/or cause economic damage, they are referred to as ‘invasive’. The annual cost of invasive non-native species to marine- based industries (e.g. shipping and aquaculture) in Scotland is estimated to be £7m97. The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is the leading legislation in Scotland for addressing non-native species. The Non- Native Species: Code of Practice sets out guidance on how to ensure that non-native species do not cause harm to Scotland’s environment98. Clyde Marine Region Context The Clyde Marine Region is known to have 12 marine non-native species and the arrival of other species, which are already present in other parts of the UK and Ireland, is likely. Under the Water Framework Directive, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) report on several non- native species which are present in the Clyde Marine Region and classify water bodies according to pressures, such as non-native species (see Map NNS 1). These include leathery sea squirt (Styela clava), carpet sea squirt (Didemnum vexillum), Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), wireweed (Sargassum muticum) and common cord-grass (Spartina anglica). Also present in the Clyde Marine Region are: a non-native bryozoan (Tricelleria inopinata), a hydroid (Cordylophora caspia), the acorn barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides), an orange sheath tunicate (Botrylloides violaceus), green sea fingers (Codium fragile fragile), Japanese skeleton shrimp (Caprella mutica), and orange tipped sea squirt (Corella eumyota). Non-native species are extremely difficult, and often impossible, to eradicate once established, so for these species good biosecurity is paramount. It should be noted that, whilst not a marine species, Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) is spread by the sea along the Clyde coastline. In addition, American mink (Neovison vison) habitat is often alongside water bodies, including coastlines, and this species has a detrimental impact on some ground nesting birds and water voles (Arvicola amphibius). Island ecosystems, being relatively isolated from mainland areas, are highly vulnerable to the impacts of non-native species. This includes both plants and animals. In particular, the introduction by people (deliberate or accidental) of predatory mammals including cats, rats and mice on islands can impact seabird populations and other ground nesting birds such as breeding waders. For example, the population of puffins (Fratercula arctica) on Ailsa Craig is now recovering following the removal of rats from the island99. Aquaculture of non-native species can provide economic value, for example rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). When non-native fish and shellfish are 97 Clyde Marine Region Assessment (2017) (https://bit.ly/2TQNxCg) 98 Non-native Species: code of practice (2012) (https://bit.ly/36BjTnx) 99 Ailsa Craig: Before and After the Eradication of Rats in 1991 (https://bit.ly/43JbVsU) Carpet sea squirt (Didemnum vexillum) covering blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) found in Loch Fyne.
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63 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft introduced to properly secured enclosures or closed water bodies, they are not considered as ‘released’ non-native species100. Some operators rear all-female or sterile triploid strains which are unlikely to spawn if they escape from farms. Pacific oysters are not considered to be a release, as Scottish waters are currently too cold for spat to settle and spawn. There are concerns that warming sea temperatures may result in the Pacific oyster being able to recruit in parts of the UK, including in Northern Ireland, by 2040; this could lead to the species becoming invasive101. Future management of oyster farming should consider the impacts of climate change on oyster reproduction. The Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement102 is in place to minimise the risk of spreading non-native species. The Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture has set out the intention to develop a Code of Good Practice for seaweed cultivation103. Good biosecurity practice should consider the international standards set out by the Convention on Biological Diversity: prevention of introduction and establishment of non-native species is the best option, ecologically and economically; for newly arriving species early warning and rapid response (eradication) is the next priority; and long-term control measures (including restoration of the original native wildlife) should be strategic and planned. The public can also play a role in reducing the risk of spread by being aware of and applying good practice, for example when moving equipment for recreational activities. Objective Objective NNS 1 The risk of introduction and spread of non-native species is reduced in the Clyde Marine Region through improved management of the known pathways. The impacts of non-native species on both the ecosystem and the economy are minimised. Policy Supports Obj NNS 1 Supports Aim 3 Policy NNS 1 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they have minimised the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species affecting seabirds and/or the ecological or recreational value of coastal habitats. Proposals should refer to the Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice104. Where relevant, a site- or operation-based biosecurity plan should be developed in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj NNS 1 Recommendation rNNS 1 Initiatives are encouraged to research, eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species. Supports Obj NNS 1 Recommendation rNNS 2 All marine users in the Clyde Marine Region should make every effort to: 100 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (https://bit.ly/3Yfo19z) 101 Marine Climate Change Impact Partnership – Climate Change Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/3Uu1gO5). 102 Scottish Government information on cultivating seaweed (https://bit.ly/2vqZXGN). 103 Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture 2023 (https://bit.ly/4crGdVK) 104 Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice (https://bit.ly/3Yr5W8J)
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64 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft a) conform to the Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-native species105, the voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan106 and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan107, b) proactively consider the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, c) put in place biosecurity management measures to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, and d) where relevant, develop a site-, event- or operation-based biosecurity plan in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. 105 Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice (https://bit.ly/3Yr5W8J) 106 Voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan (https://bit.ly/4ffX7VH) 107 Voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan (https://bit.ly/34JUtEF)
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66 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • To report sightings of suspected non-native species, please visit Scotland’s Environment Invasive non-native species website (https://bit.ly/36E3i2a) or call Scotland’s Environmental and Rural Services (SEARS) Helpline on 0845 230 2050. • The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Ballast Waste Management (BWM) Convention was adopted to improve the global regulation of the transfer of non-native species. The IMO provides a list of guidelines and guidance documents related to the BMW Convention (https://bit.ly/3NEafs1). • Marine Directorate: Marine Invasive Non-Native Species information page (https://bit.ly/2GxdOOf). • Scottish Environment Protection Agency: The river basin management plan for the Scotland river basin district: 2015–2027, Chapter 8 Pressures from the spread of invasive non-native species (https://bit.ly/36x7m4t). • The Code of Practice on Non-Native Species for Scotland (https://bit.ly/36BjTnx). • Voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan (https://bit.ly/4ffX7VH). Contact the CMPP to obtain posters to enable marine users to identify non-native species. • The voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan (https://bit.ly/34JUtEF) was developed in partnership with stakeholders in Loch Fyne and provides best practice guidance on identifying threats and mitigating actions against carpet sea squirt (Didemnum vexillum), which is present in the Loch. The actions listed in the Plan are also useful against other marine invasive species. • Marine Biosecurity Planning (2014) (https://bit.ly/49hANuk) • The Great Britain Non-Native Species Secretariat (GBNNSS) has responsibility for helping to coordinate the approach to invasive non-native species in Great Britain (https://bit.ly/4cVvWRZ). The GBNNSS promotes best practice guidelines for water users to prevent the spread of non-native species, known as Check, Clean, Dry (https://bit.ly/36AAtUj): o Check your equipment, boat, and clothing after leaving the water for mud, aquatic animals or plant material. Remove anything you find and leave it at the site. o Clean everything thoroughly as soon as you can, paying attention to areas that are damp or hard to access. Use hot water if possible. o Dry everything for as long as you can before using elsewhere as some invasive plants and animals can survive for over two weeks in damp conditions.
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67 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 7: Marine Litter This chapter contributes to achieving the strategic directions set out within the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland108; where objectives contribute to a specific strategic direction, this is indicated in brackets. The Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland works in coordination with Scotland’s National Litter and Flytipping Strategy109, and is also relevant to delivering Scotland’s Circular Economy Waste Route Map to 2030110, part of which aims to maximise the reuse, recycling and recovery of resources instead of treating them as waste. Clyde Marine Region Context Marine Litter is defined as: ‘any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment’111. Marine litter is found across the Clyde Marine Region (See Map ML 1). Shallow coastal areas of depths less than 40 m have a much greater abundance of marine litter than deeper waters112. Greater abundances of marine litter have been found in bays which are more sheltered. This is reflected in the Clyde Marine Region where, due to the prevailing south westerly winds, litter congregation areas or ‘sinks’ are found in sheltered areas at the top of the Clyde Sea lochs and also south-facing shores, such as Helensburgh, Arrochar and Lochgoilhead113. It is thought that 62,000 pieces of litter a year gather at the litter sink in Arrochar114. The Clyde Marine Region has the second highest average beach litter loading115. The majority of marine litter found is made up of plastic and sanitary items116. Other items such as paper, metal and glass are also present but at much smaller proportions117. Plastic items make up the majority of litter found and will persist in the environment for hundreds of years. All plastics progressively fragment into microplastics through mechanical action and photo degradation, which are harmful to both marine and human life. However, evidence shows that the number of plastic bags and plastic bottles found remains low and constant after 2013. Whilst at a lower level than plastic items, sanitary items are trending upwards at the fastest rate with the highest proportion in Scotland found in the Clyde Marine Region118. Marine litter related to angling, fishing and shipping are also increasing, whilst indicators related to syringes and smoking debris are also showing signs of a steady incline119. 108 Marine litter strategy for Scotland (https://bit.ly/4w5UFdI) 109 National Litter and Flytipping Strategy (https://bit.ly/47QeWJ5) 110 Scotland Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030 (https://bit.ly/41awA7p) 111 UN Environment Programme, Marine litter definition (https://bit.ly/4wgbsLa) 112 Marine debris, a growing problem: Sources, distribution, composition and impacts by Stelios Katsanevakis (2008) in Marine Pollution: New Research. Nova Science Publishers pp 53-100 113 A video was developed to illustrate how litter moves around the inner firth and estuary, eventually congregating in litter sinks (https://bit.ly/4e1OVaO) 114 The Arrochar Litter Sink - Marine Directorate Science Topic Sheet 98 (https://bit.ly/3pTMAIE) 115 Beach Litter, Scottish Marine Assessment (2020) (https://bit.ly/42K0GiF) 116 Beach Litter, Scottish Marine Assessment (2020) (https://bit.ly/42K0GiF) 117 . Beach Litter, Scottish Marine Assessment (2020) (https://bit.ly/42K0GiF) 118 Beach Litter, Scottish Marine Assessment (2020) (https://bit.ly/42K0GiF) 119 Pilot Scottish Beach Litter Performance Indicators (2020) (https://bit.ly/2S4C3ZE). A beach clean on the Kintyre Peninsula.
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68 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft However, progress has been made in some areas. Indicators related to drinks cans, food packaging and balloons are also decreasing120. Abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gear, also known as ghost gear, is another problematic form of marine litter that can have unwanted impacts on the ecosystem as the ghost gear continues to catch marine life. Ongoing initiatives that help tackle this issue include the Ghost Gear Initiative121, which Scotland signed up to in 2017, and KIMO Fishing for Litter. KIMO Fishing for Litter supports the fishing industry in removing marine litter from the sea and seabed. Harbours in Troon, Girvan, Rothesay, Tarbert, and Campbeltown are currently participating in this project122. It is important to note that approximately 80% of marine litter comes from terrestrial sources. As such, this plan takes a broad approach to policy, which takes into account terrestrial sources, as this is essential in order to prevent litter entering the marine environment. One way this can occur is by litter entering inland water-courses and ending up in the marine environment. In the region, a number of volunteers, community groups and charities carry out beach and riverine cleans, some over a long period of time. Objectives Objective ML 1 Development(s) and/or use does not contribute to marine litter in the Clyde Marine Region (SD2123). Objective ML 2 Development(s) and/or use seek to contribute to the circular economy (SD3124). Objective ML 3 An increase in beach and riverine cleaning activities and data collected through such activities which contribute to the evidence base on marine litter (SD1&4125) within the Clyde Marine Region. Policies Supports Obj ML 1, 2 & 3 Policy ML 1 Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. 120 Pilot Scottish Beach Litter Performance Indicators (2020) (https://bit.ly/2S4C3ZE) 121 The Global Ghost Gear Initiative (https://bit.ly/4d5OFcd) 122 Fishing For Litter Scotland – Scottish harbours (https://bit.ly/3UgMQ3t). 123 Strategic Direction 2 - Reduce marine and coastal based sources of litter, with a focus on the most problematic sources, in coordination with land sourced litter being reduced by the national litter and fly-tipping strategy. 124 Strategic Direction 3 - Contribute to a low carbon economy by treating ‘waste as a resource’ and seizing the economic and environmental opportunities associated with the Zero Waste Plan. 125 Strategic Direction 4: Improve monitoring at a Scottish scale and develop measures for strategy evaluation.
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69 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Supports Aim 2 and 3 Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. Supports Obj ML 1, 2 & 3 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy ML 2 Wastewater infrastructure should be designed, wherever practicable, to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment through watercourses or any other pathway. Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj ML 1 Recommendation rML 1 Through the Fishing for Litter scheme, or other similar schemes, port or harbour operators are encouraged to provide facilities to fishing vessels to dispose of any litter collected. Supports Obj ML 1 Recommendation rML 2 Businesses and organisations managing or handling plastic pellets, flakes or powders (nurdles), including shippers, transporters and recyclers, should adopt best practice guidance to prevent these plastics from entering waste water treatment systems and/or the marine environment. Supports Obj ML 1 and 2 Recommendation rML 3 Development(s) and/or use in the marine and coastal environment should take measures to address marine litter entering the marine environment and should consider opportunities to contribute to the circular economy, for example by recycling old equipment. Initiatives which facilitate this are supported. Supports Obj ML 1 and 3 Recommendation rML 4 The Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies126 should be followed in carrying out beach cleaning operations. The support by public authorities of local community beach cleaning is encouraged where appropriate. 126 Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies Firth of Clyde Forum 2012 (https://bit.ly/2RWC8yd)
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71 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies Firth of Clyde Forum (2012) (https://bit.ly/2RWC8yd) • The Scottish Government updated the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland in 2022 to build on the positive work already achieved, and continue to provide a strategic approach to reducing the amount of marine litter in our seas (https://bit.ly/4v44c4w). • National Litter and Flytipping Strategy and National Litter and Flytipping Action Plan 2023-2024 (https://bit.ly/4e2lc1e). • The Marine Conservation Society (https://bit.ly/37xuZuS) and its annual Beachwatch beach cleaning campaign (https://bit.ly/40iF64R). • Keep Scotland Beautiful is a charity that campaigns, educates and acts on a range of local, national and global sustainability issues, including marine litter (https://bit.ly/37CtX0K). Upstream Battle is a campaign tackling the source of marine litter along the length of the river Clyde and its tributaries (https://bit.ly/37C86q7). • Scotland Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030 (https://bit.ly/41awA7p) Zero Waste Scotland works to enable change around issues such as food waste, sustainability and helping Scotland move towards a Circular Economy (https://bit.ly/2u2Z0Er). • Fidra is a Scottish environmental charity that runs various projects around marine litter, in particular The Great Nurdle Hunt (https://bit.ly/2RDEsvk) and The Cotton Bud Project (https://bit.ly/4duwPkx) • Operation Clean Sweep is an initiative created by the plastics industry to reduce plastic pellet loss to the environment (https://bit.ly/2RWlFdC). It is international and, in the UK, it is led by the British Plastics Federation. • SCRAPBook used aerial photography to identify marine litter across the Scottish coastline. Coastal rubbish aerial photography locations are available on NMPi (https://bit.ly/2K5xlqR). • Fishing For Litter, led by KIMO (Local Authorities International Environmental Organisation) is an innovative project working with fishers to reduce marine litter (https://bit.ly/3J9Qdlm). • Scotland signed up to the Global Ghost Gear Initiative in 2017 (https://bit.ly/2tNJ0WR). Ghost Fishing UK aims to remove abandoned, lost and discarded gear from the marine environment (https://bit.ly/4fiRI0d). Report ghost gear sightings here (https://bit.ly/3BVJ35v).
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72 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft General Policy 8: Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region Clyde Marine Region Context People living by and visiting the Clyde Marine Region rely on a healthy and resilient marine and coastal environment for a range of activities and functions. Employment, recreation and tourism, transportation, natural sea defence, historical and cultural experiences, and research and education opportunities are of value to the communities and visitors of the Region. Some communities have a strong historical connection with the Region as a result of the role played in supporting important maritime industries like shipbuilding and fishing. The Clyde’s past continues to influence community identities and how people view the Clyde. Although coastal communities around the Region are in close proximity to the water, some feel disconnected from the Clyde because it is perceived as a barrier – for example by some Glasgow communities or those who are more geographically isolated and rely on ferry connections. Much of the diverse marine life found below water is out of sight and inaccessible to most people, leading to a lack of understanding and awareness, which can contribute towards a sense of disconnection. Enhancing people’s interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Region, its heritage and the opportunities it may provide could help address communities’ desires to feel more connected to the Clyde Marine Region127. This in turn will benefit the communities and the marine environment. Coastal communities around the Clyde Marine Region are diverse. The majority of towns, such as Helensburgh, Gourock, Largs and Troon, are characterised by an older age profile amongst the population128. Other towns are characterised by their reliance on employment in manufacturing, retail, wholesale, transport and administration like Greenock and Ayr, or the importance of the fishing industry in towns like Campbeltown and Tarbert. There is also a military community based in Garelochhead129 (see Map CONNECT 1). Glasgow, a major conurbation and the largest city in Scotland, originated at an important crossing point in the river Clyde and developed into a major port. The Region has a mix of rural and urban populations130. These diverse communities are interested in how the marine environment is being used and are often able to offer valuable knowledge and perspectives specific to their locality131. For example, the needs of island 127 Delivery of public dialogue process to aid the development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (2018) (https://bit.ly/2RX53T0) and The EMFF Clyde-wide Public Dialogue Report (2020) (https://bit.ly/2RJctd3). 128 Scotland’s Census 2002 – Rounded population estimates (https://bit.ly/4u8mK2w) 129 Duffy, P. D., and T. A. Stojanovic (2018) The Potential for Assemblage Thinking in Population Geography: Assembling Population, Space and Place. Population, Space and Place 24 (3) e2097 (https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2097) 130 Defining Scotland by Rurality (https://bit.ly/2RZygwl). 131 Delivery of public dialogue process to aid the development of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (2018) (https://bit.ly/2RX53T0) and The EMFF Clyde-wide Public Dialogue Report (2020) (https://bit.ly/2RJctd3). Feedback from the general public during the pre-consultation, both at events and through responses. A community beach clean.
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73 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft communities are different from the needs of urban communities132. Communities can therefore add great value when they are involved in decision-making processes, ensuring their views are considered in relevant planning and licensing decisions. People around the Clyde Marine Region play a valuable role in supporting the marine and coastal environment and the local economy. There are a range of ongoing community initiatives, projects and interest groups conducting activities that help deliver the aims of this Plan. For example, communities actively organise and take part in beach cleans, such as Beachwatch events133; they responsibly use the Clyde for recreational purposes – the Firth of Clyde Coastal Rowing Club received a Green Flag award in 2019134 which recognises their work to improve the environment; they support the circular economy – the Isle of Arran was awarded ‘Plastic Free Community’ status in 2019135; and they celebrate the Clyde’s seafood heritage through events like the Tarbert Seafood Festival and the Festival of the Sea run by the Clyde Fishermen’s Trust. Place names show that people of the Region were once Gaelic speaking due to the area historically being in the eastern part of the Gaelic kingdom Dalriada, which was founded in the 5th century. The number of Gaelic speakers has declined seriously since the start of the 20th century, although its importance as a component of cultural heritage has been recognised more recently through the number of schools offering Gaelic Medium Education in the area, and the Gaelic Language Plans of the Scottish Government, Argyll and Bute Council, and the Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park. Fishing and travel by sea were important to the original Gaelic-speaking communities and this is reflected in their musical heritage, which includes the Gaelic songs sung at the National Mòd which is hosted approximately every six years in Dunoon. Objectives Objective CONNECT 1 Local communities and marine users are meaningfully engaged in the decision-making process for proposals in the Clyde Marine Region. Objective CONNECT 2 People’s knowledge and enjoyment of the Clyde Marine Region is improved through sustainable and responsible use and/or experience of the natural environment, its historic environment and cultural assets and locally farmed or sourced products. This leads to an improvement in people’s ocean literacy136, sense of place, health & wellbeing and supports the local economy. Objective CONNECT 3 Responsible public access to the marine and coastal environment is improved in the Clyde Marine Region. Policies 132 The National Islands Plan (2019) (https://bit.ly/31qsl7V). 133 Beachwatch beach clean events (https://bit.ly/40iF64R). 134 Firth of Clyde Coastal Rowing Club (https://bit.ly/3Uihc5V). 135 Think About Plastic (https://bit.ly/3AcWBJm). 136 “Ocean literacy is defined as an understanding of the ocean’s influence on you, and your influence on the ocean. Ocean literacy is a way not only to increase the awareness of the public about the oceans, but it is an approach to encourage all citizens and stakeholders to have a more responsible and informed behaviour towards the ocean and its resources.” – Ocean Literacy, UNESCO (https://bit.ly/2wKkDL9).
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74 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Supports Obj CONNECT 1 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy CONNECT 1 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered taking a proportionate approach to the following: a) engagement with stakeholders from relevant sectors, especially where there might be direct interactions between different uses and/or developments; and b) where relevant, the general public has been informed and consulted during development of the proposal, particularly if the proposal could significantly impact local communities. Supports Obj CONNECT 2 & 3 Supports Aim 2, 3 and 4 Policy CONNECT 2 Proposals for development and/or use which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways, particularly those which connect coastal sites of local importance, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan, are encouraged. These should be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural and cultural heritage. Supports Obj CONNECT 2 & 3 Supports Aim 4 Policy CONNECT 3 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where applicable, that: a) access rights to the marine environment are retained and improved; and b) access to the shore and water is optimised for sport, recreation and tourism, and safety issues have been addressed. Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj CONNECT 1 Recommendation rCONNECT 1 All marine users and the general public are encouraged to engage with formal consultation processes in public authority decision-making about development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. This can be achieved individually or as a member of a community, interest or sports groups. Supports Obj CONNECT 2 and 3 Recommendation rCONNECT 2 All users of the Clyde Marine Region should follow guidance set out in relevant codes and best practice guidelines, which include but are not limited to: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife • Scottish Outdoor Access Code • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen Non-Native Species • Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-Native Species • ‘Check Clean Dry’ Guidance Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating
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75 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers Supports Obj CONNECT 2 Recommendation rCONNECT 3 Activities are encouraged which give opportunities for marine users, including the general public, to collect data (e.g. through citizen science projects). Supports Obj CONNECT 2 Recommendation rCONNECT 4 Activities and experiences are encouraged which engage with those people living in and/or visiting the Clyde Marine Region to improve their interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Region’s natural heritage, historic environment, cultural heritage including the Gaelic language, and/or marine sport and recreation opportunities. Activities and experiences should be accessible to all, including those with protected characteristics, should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and should encourage independent living. Supports Obj CONNECT 2 Recommendation rCONNECT 5 Activities are encouraged which engage local communities in identifying areas of marine litter accumulation, carrying out beach cleans, and/or communicating issues relating to marine litter. Beach clean organisers are encouraged to contribute to data collecting initiatives. This includes but is not limited to: the Marine Conservation Society’s Beachwatch campaign, Fidra’s ‘Great Nurdle Hunt’ data collection project and Keep Scotland Beautiful initiatives, such as Upstream Battle Supports Obj CONNECT 2 Recommendation rCONNECT 6 Initiatives are encouraged to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the Clyde Marine Region to local shops and restaurants to promote the ‘Clyde brand’ and enhance experiences for local people and visitors to the Region.
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76 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Map your heritage portal, created by PERICLES, allows you to view and add data related to maritime cultural heritage (https://bit.ly/3hdLbXE). PERICLES is an EU-funded research and innovation project running from 2018 – 2021 to promote sustainable, participatory governance of cultural heritage in European coastal and maritime regions, including the west coast of Scotland. To support responsible use of the Clyde Marine Region: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code (https://bit.ly/4wgfDGW) • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife (https://bit.ly/4tmJieT) • Scottish Outdoor Access Code (https://bit.ly/3aTVXyM) • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen (https://bit.ly/48o9ixq) • Skate Spotter (https://bit.ly/2GyUbp2) • Sea Angling Diary (https://bit.ly/36FaRFL) Historic Environment • Canmore (https://bit.ly/2GxP2xC) • Our Place in Time (https://bit.ly/2ZR8bb6) • HES Heritage Portal (https://bit.ly/31k3qa7) • HES Managing Change in the Historic Environment Guidance Notes (https://bit.ly/31vxj7E) • Pastmap (https://bit.ly/3nWq3sP) • Dictionary of Scottish Architects (https://bit.ly/3q8QzlA) Non-Native Species • Code of Practice on Non-Native Species (https://bit.ly/2RExMgt) • ‘Check, Clean, Dry’ Guidance (https://bit.ly/2GyuXac) Marine Litter • Marine Conservation Society Beachwatch (https://bit.ly/2GyUvnK) • Upstream Battle (https://bit.ly/2U50dpl) • Fidra’s Great Nurdle Hunt (https://bit.ly/3aRi4Gh) Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide (https://bit.ly/3Yj68qg) • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating (https://bit.ly/48nqTpB) • Catch and Release (https://bit.ly/3NDx13d) • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers (https://bit.ly/391LiAF)
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78 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Section 3: Sector Policies Note that all General Policies must be considered in advance of Sector Policies, and Sector Policy 1 must be considered by all sectors. Fishing boats at Tarbert Harbour
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79 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 1: All Sectors The Scottish Government launched their Blue Economy Vision in 2022137. It identifies 6 outcomes up to 2045 that will deliver long term aspirations for the marine environment, whilst ensuring that it encompasses economic growth and social inclusion and wellbeing. The accompanying document, Delivering Scotland’s Blue Economy Approach, was published later that year138. Successful delivery of the Blue Economy Vision will require collective action from the public and private sectors, voluntary organisation, community groups and the general public. Clyde Marine Region Context The environment in the Clyde Marine Region supports many activities and provides benefits to society and the economy. The Region is an important recreational and cultural resource for the many hundreds of thousands of people who live around its shores and for visitors from further afield. Fish stocks have supported the development of the fishing industry at many settlements along the shores of the Clyde. The finfish farming industry relies on the ability of the environment to support their activities, for example by breaking down waste and purifying the water. The Region remains a focus for shipping and defence activities due to its natural sheltered deep water harbours. As sectors continue to grow and new sectors emerge, it is important that activities are carried out in a responsible and sustainable way that ensures we protect and enhance the environment as well as continue to enjoy the many benefits it provides. Cumulative impacts on the environment may occur as developments and use within sectors or across multiple sectors increase. Safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine area is essential to support future sustainable development and use, and can be achieved through the avoidance, minimisation and mitigation of negative impacts on other users, and taking advantage of synergies and partnerships where these are available. All sectors should be consulted in the decision-making process and share data and information in relation to their own activities, where possible. It is also important to ensure that decisions on land at the coast are joined up with decisions in the marine area, enabling important infrastructure to be available in the right place on land to support marine activities and vice versa. Applicants needing a marine licence may also require other consents. For guidance on national and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments, see Annex 1. 137 Scotland’s Blue Economy Vision (2022) (https://bit.ly/4mR0TtG) 138 Delivering Scotland’s Blue Economy Approach (2022) (https://bit.ly/4ektrK8) Cloch lighthouse three miles south-west of Gourock.
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80 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Objectives Objective SEC 1 Encourage the safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors139 in the Clyde Marine Region, including local collaboration across and within sectors. Objective SEC 2 Ensure infrastructure, such as ports and harbours and those related to supply chain, adequately support sectors operating in the Clyde Marine Region, including onward links to the transport network outwith the Region. Any development aligns with the integrated transport objectives in the relevant Local Development Plan. Objective SEC 3 The availability of and access to knowledge and data which inform sustainable development, identify opportunities for protection and enhancement and strengthen our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures are improved in the Clyde Marine Region. Objective SEC 4 Cumulative impacts of development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are mitigated. Policies Supports Obj SEC 1-4 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy SEC 1 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered: a) Avoiding or appropriately mitigating any adverse impacts on the efficient and safe movement or navigation of vessels around the Region, to and from strategic freight hubs, ports, harbours, marinas, moorings and anchorages, including ferry operations; b) demonstrating operational and/or technical mitigation where a proposals’ benefits may outweigh navigational interference; c) the cumulative impacts of the proposal, both within and between sectors where possible; d) alignment with any future sectoral spatial management plans developed by the Scottish Government, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Planning Authorities and/or the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership for the relevant sector; e) potential synergies and partnerships with other sectors; f) avoiding, minimising or mitigating any negative impact on other marine users; and g) avoiding any unacceptable burdens on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. Supports Obj SEC 1 & 2 Supports Aim 2, 3 and 4 Policy SEC 2 Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged where they: a) provide important supply chain services for marine sectors; b) promote any opportunities for shared use of infrastructure and/or marine spatial area and collaboration between and within sectors; c) improve connectivity around the Clyde Marine Region, for example through multi-modal journey planning and active travel, taking into account different types of activity as well as different types of transport and links to other marine regions; or 139 Combining compatible activities in the same marine space can serve to share and reduce costs, protect the environment and generate further synergies between those activities making the best possible use of new technologies and innovations.
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81 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft d) provide social, health & wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely, for example through the regeneration of coastal areas, particularly brownfield sites, and/or the diversification of the rural marine economy and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj SEC 3 Recommendation rSEC 1 Efforts should be made by organisations and marine users to share data, which is not commercially sensitive, related to their activities in the marine and coastal environment to central databases and support open data initiatives to facilitate partnership working and increase knowledge of the Clyde Marine Region. Supports Obj SEC 1 Recommendation rSEC 2 Efforts should be made by organisations to communicate with other relevant marine users where possible when they are planning to undertake works, including emergency works, in the Clyde Marine Region. Supports Obj SEC 2 Recommendation rSEC 3 Efforts should be made by public authorities to work with sectoral interests and infrastructure owners to ensure that infrastructure is in place at ports and harbours, piers and slipways to support future sectoral requirements, including onward links to transport networks.
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82 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Multi-Use in European Seas (MUSES) Project Case Study on the west coast of Scotland (https://bit.ly/3efYgOB). • Marine Licensing: Applicant Guidance (https://bit.ly/4tprRKG)
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83 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 2: Sea Fisheries Scotland’s Fisheries Management Strategy sets out the Scottish Government’s approach to manage sea fisheries in Scotland in partnership with our stakeholders through ‘co-management’ and in a way that balances environmental, social, and economic interests. The Fisheries Management Strategy140 prioritises the preservation and sustenance of marine ecosystems and supporting jobs and livelihoods in the communities who rely on them. An Inshore Fisheries Management Improvement (IFMI) Programme of work is also underway to develop a more agile and response inshore fisheries management in Scotland141. The call for evidence for the new framework has closed and the findings have been published142. At the time of this plan’s development, it is expected that a public consultation on inshore fisheries management proposals will take place and new proposals for the framework will take account of the feedback received. The South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group (SWCRIFG) 143 ,a non-statutory body, is part of the Regional Inshore Fisheries Groups (RIFGs) network. The network was established to strengthen the management of Scotland’s inshore fisheries and to provide opportunities for commercial inshore fisheries to have a focussed voice in wider marine management. The Network’s Operational Plan was updated in 2025144 which applies across all regions. Each RIFG has their own management plan. The SWCRIFG Fisheries Management Plan145 is a flexible rolling document which aims to deliver the sustainable use of natural resources, recognising national and international obligations, and safeguarding fish stocks while optimising the economic return for inshore fisheries and dependent communities. Clyde Marine Region Context Sea fisheries encompasses all commercial fishing activity within inshore waters including trawling, dredging, pots/creels/traps, diving and line fishing. Most commercial fishing activity within the Clyde Marine Region is undertaken by vessels under 15 m and is focused on the trawl and creel fishery for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), also known as prawns, langoustine, scampi or Dublin Bay prawn. King scallops (Pecten maximus), and now rarely queen scallops (Aequipecten opercularis), are also taken, mainly by dredging vessels (See Maps FISH 1-3). There are also creel fisheries for brown crab (Cancer pagurus), velvet crab (Necora puber), European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) and a small trap fishery for wrasse (Labridae). There is a dive fishery for a range of shellfish, and scientific trials of electrofishing for razor clams (Ensis arcuatus). Landings in the Clyde Marine Region are made by boats registered in Scotland and Northern Ireland and, to a lesser degree, the Isle of Man 140 Future of Fisheries Management Strategy 2020-2030 (https://bit.ly/3wezUho) and Delivery Plan Update 2025 (https://bit.ly/3QMchvd) 141 This is a commitment in the Programme for Government 2025-26 under ‘Supporting our Rural Economy’ (https://bit.ly/48zSUeN) 142 Inshore Fisheries Management Improvement: Call for Evidence Analysis Report (2025) (https://bit.ly/4tCSoFf) 143 South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group (https://bit.ly/3Uof9x3). 144 Scotland’s Regional Inshore Fisheries Groups Network Operational Plan 2025 (https://bit.ly/4u0sL1s) 145 South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group Management Plan (https://bit.ly/4dZqFG7). Fishing boats in Tarbert Harbour.
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84 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft and other parts of the UK. Total Scottish direct employment in the fisheries sector in 2024 was 3,375 jobs, of which activity in the Campbeltown and Ayr Sea Fisheries Statistical Districts accounted for 14.5% (543 jobs)146. Value of landings in 2024 for the same districts was £26M147. The sector remains important for supporting both direct and supply chain employment, including processing, haulage and export, particularly within more rural communities, such as the Kintyre peninsula, but also in other communities in Ayrshire, Lanarkshire and Glasgow. The Clyde Marine Region Assessment (this assessment was published in 2017) identifies many concerns for fish and shellfish populations and highlights the decline in historic fisheries for herring and groundfish such as cod. Historically, the Clyde Marine Region was renowned for its herring (Clupea harengus) fishery and the reasons for the collapse of the fishery are not known. Other fisheries for cod (Gadus morhua), hake (Merluccius merluccius), saithe (Pollachius virens) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) peaked from the 1960s to the 1980s; however, landings of these stocks declined over the following years. Assessment of available survey data up to 2009 identified that rather than commercial species being entirely removed from the Clyde, the biomass of the six main commercial species in the late 2000s was approximately double that prior to the onset of trawling in the 1960s. However, the fish community was characterised by a reduced dominance of large commercial species and an increase in the stock of whiting, made up of mostly young individuals148. There are now fewer large adult finfish, meaning that many are below the size that can be legally caught and sold commercially. In a PhD thesis published in 2025, the findings highlighted that bycatch discarding is a principal factor in shaping the fish populations, and meaningful recovery of fish stocks will require significantly lower fishing mortality149. However, it was acknowledged that there were limitations with the data used and further research is required to fill in gaps in knowledge and understanding. Brown crab, velvet crab and European lobster are currently fished close to or above FMSY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) in the Clyde and more data is needed to assess the state of king scallop stocks150. It is envisaged that as survey coverage becomes more standardised from year to year and the time series increases in length, there should be sufficient data to provide a stock assessment for king scallops in this area. King scallop landings have decreased from 400 tonnes in the late 1970s to 133 tonnes in 2022151. Over time, fishing infrastructure in the Clyde has changed; there has been a reduction in processing plants, access to ice and boat servicing facilities is limited, and harbours like Ayr and Troon no longer support local fish markets152. The Clyde fishing fleet is primarily composed of small to medium boats, many of which are several decades old and mostly fish inshore153. Fisheries Management There are ongoing initiatives to improve the health of stocks through catch limits and quotas, landing obligations154, gear selectivity and area/temporal management. Fish quotas are the amounts of fish of different species that may be legally landed in the UK and the Scottish Government 146 Scottish sea fisheries statistics 2024 (https://bit.ly/3ZLrrBY). Figures are recorded according to Sea Fisheries Statistical Districts, so they do not accurately reflect the geographic area of the Clyde Marine Region. The Campbeltown district includes part of Argyll. 147 Ibid. 148 Clyde Ecosystem Review 2012 (https://bit.ly/4tfUyej) 149 The Role of Discarding in the Dynamics of the Demersal Fish Community of the Firth of Clyde by Ana Adao (2025) (https://bit.ly/3R3HUjP) 150 Fish and Shellfish Stocks 2016, Marine Directorate Science (https://bit.ly/3YhaK0g). 151 Scottish scallop stocks: results of 2023 stock assessments (https://bit.ly/4akrB8n) 152 Communication from Clyde Fishermen’s Association 153 Communication from Clyde Fishermen’s Association 154 All species of fish and shellfish that are quota regulated must be landed. For more information, visit landing obligation guidance on the Marine Directorate website (https://bit.ly/4fkEkc5).
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85 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft allocates quota to Scottish fishers155. There is regulation in the Clyde regarding the size of vessel, and type of fishing gear that may be used in various fisheries. New voluntary measures were introduced in 2026 for the Firth of Clyde cod box including a voluntary seasonal closure in place between the 28th February and the 1st April, covering both static and mobile gear, an expanded science programme, and revised administrative licence conditions to limit access to the wider Firth of Clyde156. The Fisheries Management Strategy committed to implementing a catching policy which would aim to reduce unwanted catches of fish and bycatch of sensitive marine species. The proposals were set out in Scotland’s Future Catching Policy which went out to consultation in February 2026157. Marine Directorate Compliance is responsible for monitoring and inspection at sea and in ports to ensure that marine and fishing laws are not breached. There are ongoing stock assessments at the larger ICES158 area level to measure the health of finfish stocks and there are stock assessments at the Clyde level for most shellfish stocks. Fisheries management is also in place within Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas in order to allow fishing activities to take place where possible, whilst protecting and recovering the features of the sites (see Chapter 5: Natural Heritage). The plan supports actions which will help to move towards achieving FSMY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) for those stocks which are currently fished above this level and also actions which help to sustain and increase stocks. Via the proposed IFMI programme, there is a move to strengthen strategic decision making at the regional level, and support regional variation to enable more flexible management of inshore fisheries. However due to the complex nature of fisheries management, some aspects will follow a national approach. Appropriate vessel tracking and monitoring is being rolled out to fishing vessels. Legislation was passed mandating the use of Remote Electronic Monitoring on scallop vessels from June 2024 and on pelagic fishing vessels from March 2026159. This will provide improved information on the footprint of inshore fishing. The following objectives will be met by consideration of the accompanying recommendations and through collaborative working between the CMPP, Marine Directorate, the South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group, fisheries representatives and other parties, which will support accredited research that informs the management of commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region. Objectives Objective FISH 1 A sustainable, diverse and resilient marine ecosystem which enables a wide range of long-term environmentally sustainable fishing opportunities in the Clyde Marine Region, supplying both local and other markets. Objective FISH 2 Fisheries operate and are managed to achieve economic, social and employment benefits and contribute to the availability of food supplies. 155 For further information on the quota system see ‘Allocating and Managing Scotland’s Quota’ on the Marine Directorate website (https://bit.ly/4egecyd). 156 Scottish Government sets new Firth of Clyde Cod Protection Measures (https://bit.ly/4w74IiB) 157 Scotland’s Future Catching Policy; Selectivity Proposals Consultation 2026 (https://bit.ly/3Pkhl9w) 158 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea: an intergovernmental marine science organization, meeting societal needs for impartial evidence on the state and sustainable use of our seas and oceans. 159 The Sea Fisheries (Remote Electronic Monitoring and Regulation of Scallop Fishing) (Scotland) Regulations 2024 (https://bit.ly/4axm2mW)
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86 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Objective FISH 3 All fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region are managed to restore and maintain populations of harvested species above biomass levels capable of producing Maximum Sustainable Yield, based on the best available scientific advice. Fisheries operate at an appropriate level with respect to stock and environmental considerations. Objective FISH 4 Fisheries adapt to changes in species distribution and abundance due to climate change in the Clyde Marine Region. Objective FISH 5 Bycatch of non-target species in the Clyde Marine Region is avoided or reduced. Objective FISH 6 Fisheries spatial management protects and enhances areas of importance to fisheries activities, including fish habitats such as nursery areas and spawning grounds. Objective FISH 7 Knowledge and data on fish stocks and areas of importance to fisheries activities are improved within the Clyde Marine Region to inform sustainable fisheries and to ensure that interactions with other marine users are well managed. Policies Supports Obj FISH 1- 3, 5&6 Supports Aim 2, 3 and 4 Policy FISH 1 Proposals for development and/or use should avoid, minimise and/or appropriately mitigate significant adverse impacts: a) on commercial fishing opportunities, taking into account seasonality and the year-round operation of the affected fishery; b) on nursery, spawning and feeding areas for commercially fished species, and associated habitats and species; c) on fish stocks and the use of fuel by fishing vessels due to displacement, including related impacts on the wider marine environment; d) on the social, cultural and economic importance of fishing, in particular to fragile communities. Supports Obj FISH 1- 7 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy FISH 2 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate how they would encourage an ecosystem-based approach to the management of fishing in the Firth of Clyde, reflecting the general and sectoral objectives of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj FISH 1&7 Supports Aim 3 and 4 Policy FISH 3 The appropriate fishing agencies, organisation and/or fishers that use an area that could be affected by a proposed development should be consulted at an early stage in the site-selection, design and planning process.
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87 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj FISH 1-4 Recommendation rFISH 1 Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) regular stock assessments for all harvested species are developed wherever possible, b) appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate, c) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity, and d) technology and fishing practices are adopted which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). Supports Obj FISH 1-4 Recommendation rFISH 2 Scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems are encouraged. This includes, but is not limited to: a) studies to consider pressures on harvested stocks such as food web interaction and climate change, b) improved understanding of the habitats and areas that support fisheries including pressure/state relationships and ecosystem role/function, and c) continued monitoring of seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity. Supports Obj FISH 1 Recommendation rFISH 3 Fishers should follow the Scottish Entanglement Alliance best practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine animals becoming entangled in fishing gear. Supports Obj 1&2 Recommendation rFISH 4 Fishers should follow best practice guidelines in relation to static gear buoy markings in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse interactions with other marine users including fellow fishermen. Supports Obj 1&2 Recommendation rFISH 5 Commercial fishing should seek to benefit the socio-economic and cultural basis of the Clyde region through links to employment, marketing, tourism/leisure and the seafood sector.
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91 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Future of Fisheries Management Strategy (https://bit.ly/3wezUho). • UK Fisheries Act 2020 (https://bit.ly/37njquZ), which provides wide ranging powers to all four UK administrations. • Marine Directorate: Scottish Inshore Sea Fisheries Strategy 2015 (https://bit.ly/2t35iDo). • Marine Directorate consulted on a National Discussion Paper about ‘Future Management of Sea Fisheries in Scotland’ until 7 June 2019 (https://bit.ly/4eV1k1j). • Inshore Fisheries Management Improvement: call for evidence report analysis (2025) (https://bit.ly/4tCSoFf) • West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group: Fisheries Management Plan 2021 (https://bit.ly/4dZqFG7). • Marking of Creels (Scotland) Order 2020 (https://bit.ly/2VdUhdr). • ‘The condition of seabed habitats, fish and shellfish of the Clyde Marine Region’ document and animations produced by the Clyde 2020 initiative (https://bit.ly/2RBlNQy). • Marine Directorate provide guidelines for marking static fishing gear (https://bit.ly/2S4tRsf). • Seafish supports a range of working groups and initiatives, such as the Fisheries Management and Innovation Group (https://bit.ly/3AcTjps) and Project UK Fisheries Improvements (https://bit.ly/4eRW6n4), to improve efficiency and raise standards across the seafood industry. • Scottish Entanglement Alliance (https://bit.ly/2RDfxrx) including best practice guide for fishermen in resources (https://bit.ly/40iH0lZ). • Scotland signed up to the Global Ghost Gear Initiative in 2017 (https://bit.ly/2RBX2nw). • Marine Directorate – Cod spawning grounds (https://bit.ly/3YF1p3L), Haddock spawning grounds (https://bit.ly/3AcgVKV), Cod and Haddock nursery grounds (https://bit.ly/40BW6Ub), Herring and Mackerel spawning grounds (https://bit.ly/4fh8rRI), Herring and Mackerel nursery grounds (https://bit.ly/3NEFDH2), Fisheries Sensitivity Maps (https://bit.ly/4eVMHuB). All also available on NMPi. • Fisheries Policies Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification (2024) (https://bit.ly/4tg0iUc)
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92 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 3: Aquaculture Proposals for aquaculture must be in line with Scotland’s NMP, this Regional Marine Plan, NPF4 and Local Development Plans where relevant for aquaculture proposals. The Scottish Government supports the Aquaculture Industry Leadership Group as it works to deliver the industry’s growth strategy by 2030160, while their Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture was published in 2023 and sets out the Scottish Government’s ambitions for the finfish, shellfish and seaweed farming sectors, and the wider aquaculture supply chain until 2045161. An external review of the regulatory processes for aquaculture was published in 2022162, which set out a number of recommendations to allow for sustainable aquaculture development and were taken under consideration when drafting the Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture. The Scottish Government provides locational guidance on the environmental suitability of sea lochs for fish farming (see Map AQUA 1). Only proposals for finfish and shellfish farming are considered by Planning Authorities. A marine licence for navigational purposes is usually required for the installation of equipment for finfish, shellfish and seaweed farms. Finfish farms also require an additional environmental licence for farm discharges into the water environment, including those from wellboats. SEPA works closely with the finfish farming industry to prevent impacts from exceeding defined chemical and biological standards by using predictive models and undertaking site testing at the relevant stages of permit regulation: pre application, application, issue of permits, compliance and enforcement163. Finfish and shellfish farms also require Aquaculture Production Business (APB) authorisation from Marine Directorate Science – Fish Health Inspectorate (FHI). Please also see Annex 1 for further guidance on national and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments required for aquaculture. Clyde Marine Region Context Aquaculture is the production of farmed marine species such as finfish, shellfish and seaweed within controlled installations. Currently, finfish is primarily farmed in open net pens and shellfish is farmed on lines, trestles or ground lays. Seaweed cultivation is an emerging industry. Shellfish farming and seaweed cultivation may provide ecosystem services during the production cycle such as the removal of excess nutrients in the water, capturing carbon and providing a substrate for biodiversity. Aquaculture makes a significant contribution to the economy of the Clyde, providing year round jobs in more remote rural and coastal communities. Direct employment and some support services are 160 Aquaculture Growth to 2030 (2016) (https://bit.ly/4wfiQGz) 161 Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture 2023 (https://bit.ly/4crGdVK) 162 A Review of the Aquaculture Regulatory Process in Scotland (2022) (https://bit.ly/4d62l73) 163 SEPA Overview of regulatory framework (https://bit.ly/3ch90dz). An open net salmon farm in Loch Fyne.
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93 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft important for certain areas, such as the Cowal and Kintyre peninsulas. Wider supply chain activities, including the processing of products, benefit those areas where such activities are located, with these tending to be in more urban locations around Glasgow. Within the Clyde Marine Region, the aquaculture sector comprises finfish farming for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta), and shellfish farming for blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), oysters and scallops. Finfish farming accounts for a majority of the production sites, with activity concentrated on salmon farming in and around Loch Fyne and Loch Striven. The sea lochs in the Clyde Marine Region are currently identified by the Scottish Government as Category 3 areas164. Finfish farming can also occur outside categorised areas (see Map AQUA 1). The value of salmon farming in the Clyde and Argyll165 Marine Regions was around £227 in 2022, which represented 18.5% of total Scottish production166. Shellfish farming in the Clyde Marine Region is generally smaller scale, single owner businesses. Again, activity is largely concentrated in Loch Fyne and Loch Striven. Farmed species include the blue mussel, Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), native oyster (Ostrea edulis) and the queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis). The value of mussel production in the Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions167 was just under £0.5M in 2022, which represents around 5.5% of Scottish mussel production168. The value of Pacific oyster production in the Clyde Marine Region was £139,810 in 2022 (8.3% of Scottish production) and the value of queen scallops in the Clyde and West Highlands Marine Regions169 was £78 in 2022 (0.06% of Scottish production)170. There are six Shellfish Water Protected Areas within the Clyde Marine Region and one which straddles the boundary between the Clyde and Solway Marine Regions (See Map AQUA 2). Four of these SWPAs have recently been reclassified using available data and are currently at ‘Good’ status. Two of these SWPAs have insufficient production data to be classified. None of these SWPA’s in the Clyde Marine Region are deemed to be ‘not at target objective’. Objectives Objective AQUA 1 Sustainable development and diversification of the aquaculture sector in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity 171 of the Clyde Marine Region, providing socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands and supporting the wider supply chain in Scotland. Objective AQUA 2 Aquaculture development actively contributes to the protection and enhancement of the marine environment in the Clyde Marine Region by undertaking action and/or research & development initiatives which 164 Category 3 Areas: where there appear to be better prospects of satisfying nutrient loading and benthic impact requirements, although detailed circumstances will always need to be examined carefully. See Locational Guidelines for the Authorisation of Marine Fish Farms in Scottish Waters (https://bit.ly/3tMmhoT). 165 Data for Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. The value of salmon farming in the Clyde alone is likely approximately half of the value of salmon farming in the Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions. 166 Scottish fish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 3 (https://bit.ly/4tmXl47) 167 Data for Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. 168 Scottish fish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 2 (https://bit.ly/4etXn6w) 169 Data for Clyde and West Highlands Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. 170 Scottish shellfish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 2 (https://bit.ly/4etXn6w) 171 The amount of finfish aquaculture which a region can support without environmental degradation and taking the cumulative effects of aquaculture activities into account. Note that this relates to finfish aquaculture as the ‘carrying capacity’ for shellfish is based on algal production in a particular area.
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94 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft support sustainable development of the sector, including climate change mitigation and adaptation. Policies FINFISH Supports Obj AQUA 1 Supports Aim 3 Policy AQUA 1 Proposals for finfish farming development should have regard to: a) the Technical Standard for open net Finfish Aquaculture172 and any future Technical Standard for open net, semi-closed or closed systems; and b) the requirements outlined in the mandatory control measures for the live capture of Scottish wild wrasse for salmon farms and any future fisheries management or legislation regarding cleaner fish. Supports Obj AQUA 2 Supports Aim 3 Policy AQUA 2 Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered site management actions or initiatives to improve sea lice and disease management, and to reduce the risk of fish escapes. SHELLFISH Supports Obj AQUA 1 Supports Aim 2 and 3 Policy AQUA 4 Proposals for mussel farms should be considered where they support delivery of the policy outcomes of NPF4 through policy 32 on aquaculture173, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEAWEED CULTIVATION Supports Obj AQUA 1 Supports Aim 3 Policy AQUA 5 Proposals for seaweed cultivation should have regard to the latest Scottish Government Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement174 and any subsequent guidance and/or planning requirements. Supports Obj AQUA 2 Supports Aim 3 Policy AQUA 6 Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered that there is no artificial nutrient enrichment of the marine environment to aid production. 172 The Standard determines technical requirements for fish farm equipment in Scotland and applies to all species of finfish. 173 Policy 32, NPF4 (https://bit.ly/3Rjhhra) 174 Scottish’s Government: Seaweed Review Statement: February 2022 (https://bit.ly/4uwopPj)
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95 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj AQUA 1 Recommendation rAQUA 1 Initiatives are encouraged by land and homeowners and public authorities to reduce diffuse pollution and point source pollution from entering water bodies, which can negatively impact water quality, particularly within Shellfish Water Protected Areas.
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96 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Category 1, 2 and 3 areas are designated on the basis of predictive modelling to estimate nutrient enhancement and benthic impact on sea lochs or similar water bodies supporting aquaculture (https://bit.ly/2RHf1Zm). Category 1 areas are considered to be the most environmentally sensitive to further fish farming development due to high predicted levels of nutrient enhancement and/or benthic impact (https://bit.ly/3tM8EWN). Category 3 areas have better prospects of satisfying nutrient loading and benthic impact requirements, although detailed circumstances will always need to be examined carefully.
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98 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture (2023) (https://bit.ly/4crGdVK) • Planning Circular 1/2015: relationship between the statutory land use planning system and marine planning and licensing: Aquaculture (https://bit.ly/2S4mFMu). • Scottish Government: Aquaculture Planning and Consenting webpage (https://bit.ly/2vzRdhN) and Permitted Development guidance (2018) (https://bit.ly/3MHZkf6). • Scotland’s 10 Year Farmed Fish Health Framework (2018) (https://bit.ly/2tbdxNZ). • Scottish Environment Protection Agency: Aquaculture (https://bit.ly/4vTKWY0) • NatureScot: Visualisations for aquaculture: guidance note (2018) (https://bit.ly/38O4YYv). • NatureScot: Standing Advice for Seaweed Aquaculture (farming/cultivation) (https://bit.ly/4eFy3KH) • Argyll and Bute: Local Development Plan 2 (https://bit.ly/42M0a3P) • North Ayrshire: Local Development Plan 2 (https://bit.ly/3NECDu9). • South Ayrshire: Local Development Plan 2 (https://bit.ly/4e8GPNz) • The Aquaculture Working Arrangement sets out the respective roles and responsibilities of each of the statutory consultees in relation to aquaculture planning applications (https://bit.ly/3I5ABhf). • Code of Good Practice for Scottish Finfish Aquaculture (https://bit.ly/3MBJjHI). • Aquaculture Code of Practice: Containment of and prevention of escape of fish-on-fish farms in relation to marine mammal interactions (https://bit.ly/3KyZjZb). • The Scottish Government carried out a consultation on whether to introduce mandatory measures to control the harvesting of live wrasse for the salmon farming industry (2020) (https://bit.ly/2K7TULG). Consultation analysis is available at (https://bit.ly/3mJmuqE) • Scottish Government: Seaweed Review Statement: February 2022 (https://bit.ly/4uwopPj) • Argyll and Bute – Seaweed Farming Feasibility Study for Argyll and Bute (2019) (https://bit.ly/4ncsrKd) • Crown Estate Scotland: Shellfish Critical Mass Development Plan Pilot Report – Clyde (2019) (https://bit.ly/4fg5AIt). • Scottish Government - Aquaculture: external review of the current regulatory processes involved in fish farming (https://bit.ly/368uETr). • End-of-life Fishing and Aquaculture Gear, 2026 (https://bit.ly/4wdzNBg) • Scottish Shellfish Farm Production Survey 2024 (https://bit.ly/42SQnJc)
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99 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 4: Sport, Recreation and Tourism The Clyde Moorings Committee, acting under Deed of Appointment from Crown Estate Scotland, administers applications for moorings within the Clydeport area of jurisdiction. It aims to allocate available resource equitably, avoiding conflict with existing activities or structures and ensuring protection of the marine environment. Clyde Marine Region Context ‘Sport, recreation and tourism’ is a broad sector combining marine and coastal-based sport, recreation and tourism activities, including accommodation and food and beverage providers. The Clyde Marine Region is of strategic importance in terms of boating on the west coast of Scotland and the Crinan Canal and the Forth and Clyde Canal provide non-marine connections to other regions. The Region’s deep, sheltered waters and islands make it an ideal location for sailing and power boating; there are around 6500 resident and visitor berths/moorings175. Numerous other water sports also take place, including diving, surfing, wind and kite surfing, kayaking and paddle boarding (See Maps SRT 1-3). Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park and the Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park are also areas of focus for recreational activity. In terms of contribution to the economy, marine tourism in the Clyde Marine Region was £135M GVA in 2021, 27% of the total Scottish marine tourism GVA that year176. and employment was 7,200177. Marine sport, recreation and tourism can act as a driver to support economic regeneration in coastal and island economies. The contribution of marine tourism to island, rural and fragile communities is well recognised178. Sea and land-based fishing/angling is a long established activity. However, deterioration in the fish stock profile and changes to legislation have meant there has been a decline in activity179. High release rates are probably driven by the behavioural change of anglers who are now more likely to release stock due to an improved understanding of the threat to these species. Coastal paths and beaches are available for sport and recreation, contributing to the health and wellbeing of local communities and visitors alike (See Map SRT 2). Wildlife watching is becoming increasingly popular and represents an important recreational activity in the Region. Associated with all of these activities is wider tourism in the Clyde Marine Region through the provision of accommodation, food and beverage. 175 Clyde Marine Region and Solway Firth combined, SMA (2020) (https://bit.ly/3RrLOmH) 176 Scotland’s Marine Economic Statistics 2021 (https://bit.ly/3PWS3OH) 177 Scotland’s marine economic statistics 2017, Section 11 Marine Tourism, Table 17 (https://bit.ly/4uAVeL3) 178 Giant Opportunities 2026-2030: A Strategic Framework for Scotland’s Marine Tourism Sector (https://bit.ly/48IRdf9) 179 The Scottish salmon and sea trout fishery statistics 2025 show Scotland’s figures for reported catch (https://bit.ly/4wvNV9o) and the supplementary tables show a further breakdown (https://bit.ly/4nhW0u0) Recreational boats at the Clyde Marina in Ardrossan.
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100 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Due to its accessibility, the Region is popular with people from Scotland and visitors from elsewhere, both as a day trip destination and for longer visits. The Region has good transport links with the rest of Scotland’s central belt, two international airports and numerous ferry routes. The seafood offering in local bars and restaurants is an important consideration for some visitors to the Region. Greenock is a key port for visiting cruise liners. The Field Studies Council operating from Millport on Cumbrae has a history as a marine research station and now attracts visitors to a range of courses. For many years, people have enjoyed taking a trip ‘doon the watter’ to coastal areas of the Clyde Marine Region. Objectives Objective SRT 1 The Clyde Marine Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism experiences for local people and visitors. The social benefits, including health and wellbeing, economic benefits and environmental benefits (through protection and enhancement of unique, natural resources which attract visitors and which are relied upon for recreational activities) generated by this sector are protected and spread across residents, local communities and beyond. Objective SRT 2 Public access to the sea is improved in the Clyde Marine Region, along with supporting infrastructure and facilities. . Policies Supports Obj SRT 1 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy SRT 1 Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine- related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism; b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives; d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore180 facilities in the Region; f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj SRT 2 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy SRT 2 Proposals should be supported for the introduction, maintenance and improvement of the network of public slipways181 and shoreside infrastructure, along with supporting facilities where appropriate and where unacceptable adverse impacts on the environment and amenities are avoided, below the Mean High-Water Springs, across the Clyde 180 Step ashore facilities e.g. pontoons and landing stages, services for boaters, public facilities, commercial opportunities and shore access 181 Public slipways are considered to be slipways where fees and/or permits are not required.
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101 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Marine Region. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj SRT 1 Supports Aim 4 Policy SRT 3 National and international sport, recreational and tourism events for all recreational vessels are supported in the Clyde Marine Region where they are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Organisers of such events: a) should undertake a risk assessment to identify likely significant impacts on protected areas and species; b) should collaborate with and seek advice from relevant authorities, (e.g. NatureScot) to acquire licences where needed and to identify and implement appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner in advance of any event taking place; and c) should inform the relevant Statutory Harbour Authority of the nature and details of the event in a timely manner in advance of the event taking place. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj SRT 1 Recommendation rSRT 1 All wildlife cruise tour operators operating within the Clyde Marine Region should be WiSe scheme certified182. 182 The WiSe Scheme (https://bit.ly/42Vza1O) is a UK national training scheme to promote responsible wildlife-watching and minimise disturbance to marine wildlife.
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105 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • The Land Reform Act 2003 (https://bit.ly/4lhURky) created public rights of access, extending to beaches and foreshore. • The Scottish Outdoor Access Code (https://bit.ly/4lgtDLl). • Scotland Outlook 2030 is Scotland’s future tourism strategy to support Scotland in becoming the world leader in sustainable tourism (https://bit.ly/38NkfIs). • ‘Giant Opportunities’ (https://bit.ly/3UnGC1P): builds on ‘Awakening the Giant’ and ‘Giant Strides’ which were Scotland’s first and second Marine Tourism Strategies. • Scotland’s National Tourism Strategy (https://bit.ly/3OMd3aY), • Destination Climate Action Plan (2023) developed by VisitScotland, sets out actions to assist and promote sustainable and responsible growth in Scotland’s visitor economy (https://bit.ly/4feBbdE). • NatureScot: Marine Wildlife Watching Code (https://bit.ly/36Eok0T) and Outdoor Access Code (https://bit.ly/2RFM9AQ). • The Green Blue is a joint environment programme created by the Royal Yachting Association and British Marine (https://bit.ly/3NHXBIF). • Crown Estate Scotland operates a licensing system for moorings, read more about this process here (https://bit.ly/3Un3oXA). • Clydeport, a Statutory Harbour Authority covering a large part of the Clyde Marine Region produce the ‘Clyde leisure Navigation Guide’ (https://bit.ly/3Yj68qg); it is now in its 5th edition. • Long Distance Coastal walks within the Clyde Marine Region: Arran Coastal Way (https://bit.ly/2RKKomj), Ayrshire Coastal Path (https://bit.ly/2vDLKXj), Inverclyde Coastal Path (https://bit.ly/2vEOL9N), West Island Way on the Isle of Bute (https://bit.ly/2OgUA3z), Clyde Coastal Path (https://bit.ly/4hmCIQE), Cowal Way (https://bit.ly/37NiCv0), Kintyre Way (https://bit.ly/4d619AI) • The draft Outdoor Recreation Plan for Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park – Active Park, Health People (https://bit.ly/31cEUUh). • Information on recreational sea angling: Marine Directorate recreational sea angling salmon and sea trout catches data (https://bit.ly/2th3BT9). • Spring Conservation Measures (https://bit.ly/2SgdHxe) for salmon and the Conservation of Salmon (Scotland) Regulations 2016 (https://bit.ly/4eEmJPj) • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice for recreational sea anglers (https://bit.ly/3NDx13d). • The Sea Angling Diary Project (https://bit.ly/2S1bOmI). • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers (https://bit.ly/391LiAF).
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106 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 5: Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries The Maritime and Coastguard Agency is the UK Regulator for shipping, with responsibility for implementing international maritime law, and ensuring port and flag state control, including the monitoring of vessels to meet international and UK standards. Development of the Islands Connectivity Plan183 is underway, which will set out how ferry services, supported by other transport modes, will be delivered and strengthened. A public consultation was held in 2024, followed by the publication of the Strategic Approach184 and the Vessels and Ports Plan185. Clyde Marine Region Context This chapter covers developments and use associated with vehicle/passenger ferries, cruise vessels, ships and commercial freight operations, along with the ports, harbours and other infrastructure that support these activities (See Maps SHIP 1-3). It also covers dredging and the deposit or use of dredged materials. Ferries are vital to the communities around the Clyde Marine Region. 2.7 million186 passengers use ferry services connecting communities in the Clyde and providing links to the islands of Arran, Bute and Cumbrae. The Clyde Marine Region is a popular cruise destination, where the majority of cruise ships dock at Greenock Ocean Terminal. Ports in the Region have played a significant role in growing the heavy industry and exporting base of Scotland’s economy. Many of the coastal towns of the Clyde were established and grew on the back of activity at the ports. Clydeport Operations Ltd. is the Statutory Harbour Authority for 450 square miles of the Clyde Marine Region and owners/operators of several port terminals and passenger facilities (See Map SHIP 1). Clydeport annually handles nearly 15.4 million tonnes of cargo of a range of products and commodities187. Other significant ports in the Clyde Marine Region, at Troon and Ayr, are operated by Associated British Ports. Boat and servicing yards play an important role in supporting the local economy. For example, the boat yard in Girvan is one of only three in the UK to repair, service and refit Royal National Lifeboat Institution vessels. The deep-water port at Hunterston, which is able to handle modern ships of any size, and Finnart oil terminal in Loch Long, which can accommodate Very Large Crude Carriers and Ultra Large Crude Carriers, are two of the largest facilities in the Region. The sector supports rural and primary industries through the transfer of bulk cargo, such as timber, aggregates and grain. TimberLINK 183 Islands Connectivity Plan (https://bit.ly/4mJWx7C) 184 Strategic Approach (2025) (https://bit.ly/4eI1FHn) 185 Vessel and Ports Plan (2025) (https://bit.ly/3Ql8ox4) 186 Scottish Transport Statistics 2024. Ferry routes included in this figure: Wemyss Bay – Rothesay, Ardrossan – Brodick, Claonaig – Lochranza, Largs – Cumbrae, Colintraive – Rhubodach, Tarbert – Portavadie, Ardrossan – Campbeltown, Gourock – Dunoon. (https://bit.ly/47N9eaV). 187 Peelports (https://bit.ly/4s0jExd) A Caledonian MacBrayne ferry travelling to Rothesay.
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107 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft operates at various sites across the Region, supporting the movement of around 100,000 tonnes of timber from Argyll ports to wood processing plants in Ayrshire188 (See Map SHIP 2). Additionally, the use of floating pier facilities, such as at Ardcastle on Loch Fyne and a timber carrying landing craft, enable the movement of additional timber to markets both within and outwith the Clyde. The landing craft has enabled access to hard-to-reach timber including in Loch Goil, Loch Striven and Arran, to date. The Clyde Marine Region supports shipments of timber to other parts of Scotland and to export markets. Vessels generate emissions of sulphur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and carbon dioxide as a result of the fuel used. These emissions can be significant, especially in areas with heavy marine traffic, and contribute towards air pollution and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the impact that vessels have on air quality and climate change, the International Maritime Organisation introduced a 0.5 % global sulphur cap on vessel fuel in 2020189. To meet these regulations, vessels will need to either use fuel that is low in sulphur or install exhaust gas cleaning systems which are designed to remove sulphur oxides from the ship’s engine and boiler exhaust gases190. Harbour authorities in the Clyde Marine Region are indicated in Map SHIP 1. Proposals requiring a marine licence may also need to obtain a licence from the Statutory Harbour Authority, for example a Works or Dredging Licence. Objectives Objective SHIP 1 Collaborative efforts to promote the Clyde Marine Region as a tourist destination are continued by supporting sustainable development of the market for cruise ships and smaller cruise vessels, whilst seeking opportunities for related socioeconomic activity. Objective SHIP 2 An increase in the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities in the Clyde Marine Region for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of marine structures and vessels, particularly where activities contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Objective SHIP 3 Connectivity is improved and sustainable transport191 by sea is increased within the Clyde Marine Region and beyond. Objective SHIP 4 Opportunities for associated environmental enhancement are explored where capital or maintenance dredging is proposed in the Clyde Marine Region. Policies 188 Scottish Forestry - The TimberLINK shipping service ships 80-100,000 tonnes per annum across the Clyde. The landing craft transports an additional 20-40,000 tonnes to ports in Ayrshire across the Firth of Clyde. 189 Frequently Asked Questions on the 2020 global sulphur limit – International Maritime Organisation (https://bit.ly/40hbHZ2). 190 Sulphur 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions (https://bit.ly/2UdJy1r) 191 Reducing the environmental, social and economic impact of travel by promoting and facilitating people and organisations to use more sustainable and active forms of travel.
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108 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Supports Obj SHIP 1 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy SHIP 1 Proposals for development and/or use should be supported that encourage the sustainable growth of the cruise market for ships of around 150 m at appropriate locations, in particular at Dunoon, Rothesay, Helensburgh, Inveraray, Troon, Brodick, Fairlie, Holy Loch, Irvine, Greenock, Ayr, Ardrossan and Hunterston, and where the proposal demonstrates strong links to supporting sustainable tourism, including wildlife tourism, in the local area. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj SHIP 2 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy SHIP 2 Proposals for development and/or use should be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj SHIP 3 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy SHIP 3 Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes; b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Supports Obj SHIP 5 Supports Aim 2, 3 and 4 Policy SHIP 4 Proposals for capital and/or maintenance dredging activities should demonstrate that they have considered practicable and cost-effective environmental enhancement measures, such as beneficial use of dredged material or dredging methods that retain sediment in the natural system, and how these measures will be delivered, where this is practicable. Supports Obj SHIP 1 Supports Aim 1 and 3 Policy SHIP 5 Proposals for new or upgraded infrastructure related to the powering of vessels, such as shoreside power facilities, or treatment of waste from closed loop exhaust gas cleaning systems or similar, will be supported where the infrastructure proposal demonstrates a long-term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater in the Clyde Marine Region. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Recommendations for marine users/local management Supports Obj SHIP 1 Recommen dation rSHIP 1 The use of compliant fuel192 is encouraged in the Clyde Marine Region. If an exhaust gas cleaning system is fitted, it should be used in closed loop mode. Large parts of the navigable Clyde are dredged; therefore, until there is sufficient evidence to be confident that the use of open loop scrubbers will not impact negatively on sediment quality (and hence on the ability to dispose of dredged sediment to sea), open loop scrubbers or 192 Fuel which is low in sulphur.
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113 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Marine information for Clydeport Statutory Harbour Authority (https://bit.ly/2UdzZRJ). • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide (fifth edition), issued by Peel Ports Clydeport (https://bit.ly/3Yj68qg). • Notices and information about Piers and Harbours owned and managed by Argyll and Bute Council (https://bit.ly/2UcZD9a). • Tarbert Harbour Authority (https://bit.ly/2S4HFD4). • Holy Loch Port (https://bit.ly/38ZHQGn). • Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd, for harbours, piers and slipways at Brodick, Lochranza, Rhubodach, Cumbrae, Largs, Wemyss Bay, Gourock, Colintraive and Claonaig (https://bit.ly/2tbZxmW). • The UK Government prepared A Guide to Good Practice on Port Marine Operations (2018) (https://bit.ly/36G3Rc1) alongside the Port Marine Safety Code (2016) (https://bit.ly/2tYANPI). • Islands Connectivity Plan – Transport Scotland (https://bit.ly/4mJWx7C) • Strategic Approach – Islands Connectivity Plan – Transport Scotland (2024) (https://bit.ly/4eI1FHn) • The Vessels and Ports Plan – Islands Connectivity Plan – Transport Scotland (2024) (https://bit.ly/3Ql8ox4)
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114 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 6: Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines Licensing and regulation for oil and gas exploration, extraction and decommissioning is the responsibility of the UK Government, through the North Sea Transition Authority. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero regulates all oil and gas projects within the UK. The Department’s environmental regulations relating to emissions and discharges do not apply in internal or controlled waters (0-3 nautical miles) where competence in relation to pollution rests with the Scottish Government. A licence is also required from Crown Estate Scotland which gives a developer the property rights they need to lay, maintain and operate cables and pipelines on the seabed up to 12 nautical miles from the shore193. Any deposit, removal or dredging carried out for the purpose of executing emergency inspection or repair works to a cable is exempt from the marine licensing regime with approval by Scottish Ministers. Otherwise, cable replacement or protection works and new cable installation are subject to the marine licensing process. Clyde Marine Region Context This chapter includes energy generation, pipelines and power and telecommunication infrastructure/cables. As with the whole of this plan, policies within this chapter only apply to matters within the devolved competence of the Scottish Ministers. There has been no extraction of fossil fuels within the Clyde Marine Region to date. While there are no active commercial offshore wind and marine renewable energy schemes in the Clyde Marine Region, one draft tidal option is located to the south of the Kintyre peninsula. The National Offshore Wind Turbine Test facility at Hunterston was the UK’s only onshore test facility for offshore wind turbines; the test turbines at this site were decommissioned in 2018 and 2019. Ayr, Troon and Inchgreen have been identified as potential support sites for marine renewables, providing operations and maintenance (see Map ENCA 1). Hunterston B nuclear power station’s decommissioning process has moved from defueling to the next stage, with the site’s licence transferred from EDF Energy to Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) in April 2026194; its coastal location is important for access to water from the Clyde for industrial cooling. Finnart Oil Terminal, a petrochemical transfer facility located on the eastern shore of Loch Long, is capable of receiving Very Large Crude Carriers and Ultra Large Crude Carriers. There are two land- based pipelines that transport crude oil across Scotland to the Grangemouth refinery and return the refined products for export. 193 Cables and Pipelines, Crown Estate Scotland (https://bit.ly/4tZ7zZ2) 194 UK Government News Article (2026) (https://bit.ly/3OU5yOY) Scottish and Southern Energy test turbines at Hunterston.
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115 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Subsea cables (power transmission and telecommunications) are a key component of the Clyde Marine Region’s enabling infrastructure. These subsea cables are of recognised national and international economic importance, providing power and broadband connectivity to businesses and households on the mainland, the islands and further afield. Objectives Objective ENCA 1 The Clyde Marine Region plays its part in the transition to a decarbonised Scottish Economy while ensuring energy security. Offshore energy generation is essential to securing long term benefits and jobs for local communities and contributing to energy security. This includes the use of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources in the Clyde Marine Region. Objective ENCA 2 The laying, replacement and maintenance of important subsea cables and pipelines in the Clyde Marine Region is undertaken with due consideration of all marine users. Policies Supports Obj ENCA 1 Supports Aim 2 and 4 Policy ENCA 1 Proposals for development and/or use relating to offshore wind and marine renewable energy, including test facilities, should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) proposals for commercial-scale developments195 are sited in draft Plan Option areas identified through the Sectoral Marine Plan process (see Map ENCA 1 and further information section below); b) due regard has been paid to relevant factors in the Sectoral Marine Plans and supporting documentation/assessments (as appropriate); c) proposals for small-scale offshore wind developments undertake early and proactive engagement with relevant public authorities and relevant stakeholders; and d) where applicable, detailed infrastructure restoration and maintenance plans are included for the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required. Supports Obj ENCA 1 Supports Aim 1 Policy ENCA 2 Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they contribute to a sustainable, secure and inclusive energy transition, taking account of our Climate Change Policies and in line with statutory marine and land use planning policy, environmental regulations and industry best practice. 195 For the purposes of sectoral marine planning for offshore wind projects, commercial-scale developments are defined as projects capable of generating more than 100 MW of electricity (https://bit.ly/48si8dS). For the purposes of wave (https://bit.ly/3F0nT2z /) and tidal (https://bit.ly/3nXc4TH) energy, commercial-scale developments are defined as projects with a capacity of over 30 MW.
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116 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj ENCA 2 Recommendation rENCA 1 The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any oil and gas pipelines is encouraged where: a) existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, and/or b) the required mitigation and monitoring plans are produced196. 196 Marine Licensing and Consenting: Mitigation and Monitoring Plans (https://bit.ly/49frYRN)
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118 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Offshore Wind Energy – Sectoral Marine Plan 2025: Consultation (https://bit.ly/4d6pyaJ) and Consultation analysis report (https://bit.ly/42hOMfZ) • Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy 2020 (https://bit.ly/4dal3dH) • The Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) (Scottish Offshore Region) Order 2011 (Amended 2012) (https://bit.ly/31dWxmU). • European Subsea Cables Association (ESCA) guidelines (https://bit.ly/2vEQtIf). The ESCA supports a project, KIS-ORCA (Kingfisher Information Services Offshore Renewables and Cable Awareness) (https://bit.ly/3A8YRkV), to increase cable awareness (https://bit.ly/38ZfA75) and to improve cable safety by providing freely available charts and emergency procedures (https://bit.ly/2RNrdZ3). • National Renewables Infrastructure Plan (https://bit.ly/4dZN2eG). • The Scottish Energy Strategy, published in 2017, is Scotland’s first energy strategy and sets out the Scottish Government’s vision for the future energy system in Scotland (https://bit.ly/3aYdAOb). • The Fishing Liaison with Offshore Wind and Wet Renewables Group (FLOWW) provide Best Practice Guidance for Offshore Renewables Developments: Recommendations for Fisheries Disruption Settlements and Community Funds (2015) (https://bit.ly/4wheBKI) and Best Practice Guidance for Offshore Renewables Developments: Recommendations for Fisheries Liaison (2025) (https://bit.ly/4ezE6AB) • NatureScot guidance on Good Practice during Wind Farm Construction (https://bit.ly/2GGeIrN).
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119 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 7: Defence Defence is a reserved matter for the UK Parliament. The operational requirements of defence must be taken into account within marine planning. Marine licensing provisions and Health, Safety and Environmental Protection legislation do not apply to the MoD. However, when undertaking development and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region, the MoD carries out a process known as dis-application which mirrors the marine licensing and Environmental Impact Assessment processes that would be required for non-defence related developments and/or use. Clyde Marine Region Context Ministry of Defence (MoD) activities in the Clyde Marine Region are concentrated at His Majesty’s Naval Base (HMNB) Clyde at Faslane, home to the core of the UK Submarine Service. It is the second largest single site employer in Scotland and supports around 11,000 direct and indirect jobs197. There is a Naval Armaments Depot located nearby at Coulport, with the associated Glen Mallan ammunition jetty. The Clyde Marine Region is used for training, for conducting naval exercises and by military vessels including submarines. HMNB Clyde and Clydeport are both Statutory Harbour Authorities within Gare Loch, Loch Long and Loch Goil, with overlapping jurisdiction (See Map DEF 1). Objective Objective DEF 1 Operations of His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde as the UK Single Submarine Operating Base are undertaken in the Clyde Marine Region, with due consideration of other marine users and the marine environment. Recommendation for marine users/local management Supports Obj DEF 1 rDEF 1 His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde is encouraged to integrate any increased levels of Ministry of Defence marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region in accordance with this Plan, ensuring wide engagement with other marine users. 197 UK Defence Journal, 2023 (http://bit.ly/439ZENG) His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde at Faslane on Gare Loch.
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121 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • Notices and other information for safe navigation in Gare Loch and Loch Long (https://bit.ly/3NFPFYo). • Ministry of Defence UK Code of Practice on Fishing Vessel Avoidance (1999) (https://bit.ly/3b0Ueb2). • Ministry of Defence Guidance on Fishing Vessels Operating in Submarine Exercise Areas (https://bit.ly/2uM7v6X). • Policy Statement by the Secretary of State for Defence on Health, Safety and Environmental Protection in Defence (2018) (https://bit.ly/2GIhPiO).
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122 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Sector Policy 8: Marine Aggregates Crown Estate Scotland manages the majority of mineral rights to the seabed out to the edge of the continental shelf. Marine aggregate removal is regulated by Scottish Ministers, with activities requiring a licence from the Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team. Clyde Marine Region Context As with the whole of this plan, Policies within this chapter only apply to matters within the devolved competence of the Scottish Ministers. Marine aggregates are naturally occurring sand, gravel or crushed rock used in construction, principally as a component of concrete, or for land reclamation and coastal defence. Minerals are also found as nodules or crystals. The British Geological Survey maps mineral resources (see Map AGG 1), but, as this process is desk- based, verification on site is required to establish any potential for extraction. The Clyde Marine Region has few aggregate resources; manganese nodules are known to exist in the sea lochs and halite, or salt rock, is expected to be present in the North Channel and into the Clyde Marine Region. There is presently no demand for extraction of aggregates in the Clyde Marine Region. Significant technological and economic changes may lead to a demand in future. Objective Objective AGG 1 Marine aggregate resources are safeguarded in the Clyde Marine Region, and any future exploitation is in line with legislation, in particular regarding potential environmental impact. Policy Supports Obj AGG 1 Supports Aim 3 Policy AGG 1 Proposals for the extraction of marine aggregates should demonstrate that they have considered: a) providing a description of the alternatives that have been considered, such as alternative sources or materials, including dredged material; and b) demonstrating that marine aggregate extraction is an essential part of the proposed project. Where an Environmental Impact Assessment is required, the proposal should demonstrate that it has considered an assessment of the physical effects of the operation, including any implications for coastal sediment dynamics. Halite – a type of marine aggregate found in the Clyde.
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124 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Further information • British Marine Aggregates Producers Association (https://bit.ly/4uAwjHB) • The Environmental Impact Assessment and Natural Habitats (Extraction of Minerals by Marine Dredging) (Scotland) Regulations 2007 (https://bit.ly/2RHx4ir).
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125 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Dumbarton Castle, located on Dumbarton Rock Annex 1 – Guidance on national and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments Table 1: National and regional authorisation, enforcement and assessments that applicants should be aware of. Disclaimer: this list is provided for guidance only and is not a full interpretation of any legislation. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that any application is in full accordance with all relevant legislation. Enforcement/Assess ment Competent Authority Further information Planning Permission and related consents Planning Authority For a full list of the planning authorities in the Clyde Marine Region, see page 13 of this Plan. Applies to land use planning198 and finfish and shellfish aquaculture (excl. seaweed cultivation and harvesting which may require a marine licence). Works Licence, Dredging Licence Statutory Harbour Authority Any works or dredging activities which are to be carried out within harbour or port limits may require a works or dredging licence. Developers should contact the relevant Harbour Authority. Peel Ports Clydeport is the Statutory Harbour Authority responsible for much of the Clyde Marine Region from Glasgow, in the sea lochs and out to Arran. The King’s Harbour Master has overlapping jurisdiction in Gare Loch, Loch Long and Loch Goil (Ministry of Defence facilities). Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd has licensing powers for Brodick and Largs. 198 Terrestrial planning is land to Mean Low Water Springs, Marine is sea to Mean High Water Springs
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126 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Enforcement/Assess ment Competent Authority Further information Marine Licence (including Pre- Application consultation where applicable)199 Marine Directorate -Licensing Operations Team Certain activities require a marine licence before they can be carried out. These activities include the construction, alteration or improvement of works, dredging activity and the deposit or removal of substances and objects in the sea, amongst other things. Certain activities, usually large projects, are also required to carry out a public pre-application consultation, enabling local communities and other interested parties to comment on a project at an early stage. Seabed Lease Agreement, Licences and Consents200 Mooring Licence201 Crown Estate Scotland Clyde Moorings Committee within Clydeport Statutory Harbour Authority jurisdiction Crown Estate Scotland manages activities and developments that use the foreshore and seabed by issuing leases, licences and consents. Three different mooring licences are used: individual, commercial and associations. Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations202 registration or permit Scottish Environment Protection Agency Any activity that could cause harm to the environment requires an authorisation to proceed. The regulations apply to all industrial activities, water activities, waste activities and radioactive substances. There are four different types of authorisations. For low-risk activities, general binding rules and notification apply. Applications for a registration or permit apply to higher-risk or complex activities that require a decision to be made by SEPA.203 Environmental Impact Assessment204 Planning Authorities Marine Directorate Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. (reserved matters) It is a matter for the competent authorities noted to consider whether a proposed development requires EIA. To request a screening opinion, developers should contact the relevant competent authority. Environmental Impact Assessments are required for finfish farms and are not required for shellfish farms but Local Authorities will still consider the potential environmental consequences of the proposal prior to granting planning permission. EIAs are required for all new finfish farms in Argyll and Bute. If it is considered that significant environmental cumulative effects resulting from a proposal to modify and/or extend any finfish farm are likely to be mitigated, then applications can be considered appropriately through the submission of further information rather than a full EIA. Habitats Regulations Appraisal, and where necessary Appropriate Assessment205 Planning Authorities Marine Directorate Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (CAR) NatureScot Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. (reserved matters) Natura sites are a network of protected areas that are internationally important for threatened habitats and species. All competent authorities must consider whether any plan or project will have a ‘likely significant effect’ on a Natura site. If so, an Appropriate Assessment must be carried out. Marine European Protected Species licence206 Commercial activities – Marine Directorate Scientific research or conservation – NatureScot Certain marine species are under strict protection - whales, dolphins and porpoises as well as marine turtles, the Atlantic sturgeon and otter (additional protections also apply to their holts or other breeding sites or resting place), and a licence is required before certain activities can take place. 199 Marine Licensing in Scotland (https://bit.ly/31cHauJ). 200 Marine Works, Crown Estate Scotland (https://bit.ly/3AcnPje). 201 Marine Leisure, Crown Estate Scotland (https://bit.ly/3Un3oXA). 202 The Environmental Authorisations (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2025 (https://bit.ly/41IOyOD) 203 Types of Authorisations, SEPA (https://bit.ly/4g6Eura) 204 Scottish Government, Environmental assessment (https://bit.ly/392tTYj). 205 NatureScot Habitats Regulations Appraisal guidance (https://bit.ly/391WRHP). 206 NatureScot Species licensing information (https://bit.ly/2RT64wE).
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127 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Enforcement/Assess ment Competent Authority Further information Authorisation in relation to species protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981167 NatureScot Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981: It is an offence (subject to exceptions) to intentionally (or recklessly) kill, injure or take any wild animal listed on Schedule 5 of the Act – this includes basking shark and fan mussel. It is an offence to intentionally kill, injure or take any wild bird; take, damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird while in use or being built or to take or destroy an egg of any wild bird. Seal Licence207 Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team It is an offence to kill, injure or take a seal at any time of year, except to alleviate suffering or where licensed to do so. Marine Directorate issues relevant licences and regular reporting is required. Section 36 consent208 Marine Directorate - Licensing Operations Team Applications concerning marine energy infrastructure, including subsea cables, wave, tidal and offshore wind electricity generating stations, are approved by Marine Directorate, which also provides guidance on monitoring watercourses in relation to onshore energy developments. Certain electricity generating stations cannot be constructed, extended or operated without a section 36 consent. Authorisation to operate an Aquaculture Production Business209 Marine Directorate Science Fish Health Inspectorate Authorisations are issued to businesses which rear, keep or cultivate aquaculture animals subject to certain conditions designed to ensure the animals are healthy, including through the prevention and control of certain diseases. 207 Scottish Government Seal Licensing: Guidance and Forms (https://bit.ly/2RULjQK). 208 Scottish Government Marine Renewable Energy (https://bit.ly/3sVSIlv). 209 Aquaculture Production Business: Forms and Guidance (https://bit.ly/3KvBfWY).
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128 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Annex 2 – Historic environment management and consenting processes NPF4 considers the historic environment as a key cultural and economic asset and a source of inspiration that should be seen as integral to creating successful places. Strategic and local development plans should protect and promote their significant historic environment assets. They should take account of the capacity of settlements and surrounding areas to accommodate development without damage to their historic significance. Historic Environment Policy for Scotland (HEPS) is a policy statement for decision-making for the whole of the historic environment. Culture- led regeneration can have a profound impact on the wellbeing of a community in terms of the physical look and feel of a place and can also attract visitors, which in turn can bolster the local economy and sense of pride or ownership. Enhancement and climate adaptation of the historic environment can also play a role through various actions including effective maintenance, restoration and conversion, and creative and informed approaches to new development. Table 2: Heritage or conservation designations used to safeguard important places. Designation Relevant Legislation Terrestrial/Marine Consenting Authority Historic Marine Protected Area Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 Marine Marine Directorate Scheduled Monument Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Terrestrial & Marine Historic Environment Scotland Protected Place (wrecks designated by name) Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 Terrestrial & Marine Ministry of Defence Controlled Site Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 Marine Ministry of Defence World Heritage Sites UNESCO World Heritage Convention Terrestrial & Marine No additional consents required, but consult Historic Environment Scotland Listed buildings Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 Terrestrial and to the low water mark (e.g. harbours) Planning Authority Conservation Areas Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 Terrestrial Planning Authority Gardens & Designed Landscapes Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Terrestrial No additional consents required, but consult Historic Environment Scotland Battlefields Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 Terrestrial No additional consents required, but consult Historic Environment Scotland
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129 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Glossary Access Rights The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 (which came into force in 2005) gives everyone rights of access over land and inland water throughout Scotland, subject to specific exclusions set out in the Act and as long as they behave responsibly. Aquaculture Aquaculture is the production of farmed marine species such as finfish, shellfish and seaweed within controlled installations. Best Practicable Environmental Option Part of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and is a key principle for reducing pollution from industrial and other processes and improving waste management. Biosecurity Procedures or measures to prevent damage caused by biological or biochemical substances. Brownfield site Often a site that has previously been developed and has the potential to be redeveloped. Carbon stores Natural resources that may have slow sequestration rates but have accumulated large amounts of carbon over time. Circular economy An alternative concept to the traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose) that aims to use resources for as long as possible and to recover and regenerate them once they reach the end of their life. Climate change adaptation Adapting to the effects of climate change. Climate change mitigation Reducing our contribution to climate change. Clyde Marine Region The area defined at Article 8 of the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015 (SSI 2015/193) within the boundaries of the Scottish marine area (that is within the seaward limits of Scottish territorial waters (0-12 nautical miles)). Coast The edge or margin where the land meets water, be that natural or artificial land.
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130 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Coastal Character Assessment Process of identifying and describing Scotland’s diverse coastline. Coastal/Coastal Zone The coastal zone extends across the land-sea interface and includes different types of artificial coast (e.g. artificial structures like quay walls) and natural coast (e.g. rocky shores). The developed coastline in the inner Clyde estuary is considered part of the coastal zone. The landward boundary will be dictated by the extent to which the land is affected by coastal processes, the inter-visibility between land and sea, and the potential for developments or use to adversely affect the special qualities of the coast. Controlled Site An area around wrecked military vessels protected by the Ministry of Defence (MOD) through the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. Controlled Sites are specified in the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2012. A licence is required from the MOD to access or disturb the area in any way. Cumulative Impacts The combined effects of multiple past, present and future activities or projects on the environment Design statement An explanation for the chosen design solution for a development and why it is the most suitable option. Developments These require consent from a public authority and include new development and use; maintenance activities and works; and alterations, extensions or changes in material use. Development and/or use Any development or activity that requires authorisations from a public authority and falls within devolved competencies e.g. ‘licensable marine activities’ identified under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 and activities licensed under the Environment Authorisations (Scotland) Regulations 2018 Devolved competencies Matters within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament and/or the executive competence of the Scottish Ministers Dredging Includes using any device to move any material (whether or not suspended in water) from one part of the sea or seabed to another part. Ecosystem approach A strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use of natural resources in an equitable way. Environmental carrying capacity The amount of aquaculture which a region can support without environmental degradation and taking cumulative effects into account. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) An assessment to identify the environmental impacts of a development. An EIA is only a statutory obligation if the works are schedule I or schedule II works which are screened in (they may be screened out); EIAs do not apply to all licensable activities. EU Habitats Directive Adopted in 1992 to protect rare, threatened or endemic species found throughout the European Union. EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive Adopted in 2008 to improve the protection of European marine environments. EU Water Framework Directive Adopted in 2000 and sets the objectives for the future of water protection throughout the EU. European Protected Species Animal or plant species that are protected through the Habitats Directive.
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131 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Flood Risk Management Plan Identify flood risks from rivers, the sea, surface water, groundwater and reservoirs, and how risk management authorities will collaborate with communities to manage flood risk. Good Environmental Status (GES) Defined by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive as the environmental status of marine waters that provide clean, healthy and productive ecologically diverse and dynamic oceans and seas. Greenhouse gases Gases that absorb infrared radiation and contribute to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons are examples of greenhouse gases. Historic Environment Record Information service that provides access to resources relating to local archaeological sites and finds, historic buildings and historic landscapes in a defined geographic area. Historic Marine Protected Area Areas with important Scottish marine heritage assets such as remains of ships and aircrafts lost at sea, harbours, lighthouses and other structures relating to transport and trade by sea, and remains of human settlements at the coastal fringe. Independent living Independent living means all disabled people having the same freedom, choice, dignity and control as other citizens at home, work and in the community. It means rights to practical assistance and support to participate in society and live an ordinary life. Inshore waters Waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast. Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure Greening the greyest parts of our towns, cities or coasts that must remain largely grey for their primary function. Intertidal Coastal area between the mean high-water level and the mean low water level. Invasive non-native species Non-native species that threaten biodiversity and/or cause damage. Irreversibility Significant long-term impacts Landscape The European landscape convention defines landscape as an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction natural and/or human factors. It is an expanse of scenery and objects which can be seen in a single view. Land/sea interactions The interaction between the use of land and the sea, including the impacts from terrestrial and marine activities. Integrating these interactions is an important part of coastal management and spatial planning. Land use planning Refers to all elements of the land use planning system, such as the National Planning Framework, Local Development Plans and land use plans. Local Development Plan (LDP) Developed by local planning authorities to assign development sites and sites to be protected. LDPs are required for each Scottish council area. Local Landscape Area (LLA) A designation to protect a landscape from inappropriate development. Local Nature Reserve (LNR) A protected area because of its special natural interest and/or educational value. Sites of Special Scientific Interest and/or Natura sites may be found within LNRs. Lock in An instance of becoming unalterable, unmovable or rigid Managed realignment A tool to reduce coastal flooding and erosion by deliberately changing flood defences to allow flooding of a defended area.
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132 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Marine aggregates Naturally occurring sand, gravel or crushed rock, including minerals formed as nodules or crystals, used in construction. Key component of concrete. Marine licence A licence for a ‘licensable marine activity’ as set out in Part 4 of the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010. Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland National measures to minimise the amount of litter entering the Scottish marine and coastal environment. Marine Protected Area (MPA) A tool to safeguard areas of the marine environment, support their sustainable use and ensure they remain healthy and productive. Marine Spatial Plan (MSP) The Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs defines an MSP as a strategic plan for regulating, managing and protecting the marine environment that addresses the multiple, cumulative and potentially conflicting uses of the sea. Marine Strategy Regulations 2010 The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive transposed into UK legislation. Marine Users All legitimate users of the Clyde Marine Region, both those requiring consent and those not requiring consent, which includes people using the marine and coastal area for recreational activities. Mean High Water Springs On average, the highest water level that spring tides reach. Mean Low Water Springs On average, the lowest water level that spring tides reach. Maximum Sustainable Yield The maximum long-term average yield which can be sustained for a stock under normal exploitation patterns. National Marine Plan (NMP) The NMP sets out the national framework for the management of the Scottish marine environment. National Marine Plan interactive (NMPi) National Marine Plan interactive is an online, interactive tool developed by Marine Directorate to support marine planning. National Scenic Area (NSA) An area of outstanding scenic value in a national context. Natural capital Natural assets, including rivers, oceans, forests, minerals, soil, air and all living things. Nautical miles Unit of length used in marine navigation where one nautical mile is equal to 1.15 statute miles and 1.85 kilometres. Non-native species Species that have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced outside of their native range as a consequence to human activity. Ocean acidification Significant changes in the chemistry of the ocean when carbon dioxide gas is absorbed by the ocean and reacts with seawater to produce acid. Ocean literacy Ocean literacy is defined as an understanding of the ocean’s influence on you, and your influence on the ocean. Ocean literacy is a way not only to increase the awareness of the public about the oceans, but it is an approach to encourage all citizens and stakeholders to have more responsible and informed behaviour towards the ocean and its resources. Positive effects on biodiversity When development leaves biodiversity in a better state than before. Precautionary principle Preventive measures are to be taken when there are reasonable grounds for concern that human activities may bring about hazards to human health, harm living resources and marine ecosystems, damage amenities or interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea, even when there is no conclusive evidence of a causal relationship.
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133 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Pre-production plastic pellets (nurdles) Raw plastic before it has been made into an end use item such as a plastic bag, bottle or toy. Priority Marine Feature (PMF) Prioritised marine habitats and species considered to be of national conservation importance. Protected characteristics Characteristics protected through the Equality Act 2010. These include age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. Protected Place The site of a military aircraft which crashed in service and certain military vessels protected by the Ministry of Defence through the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. Protected Places are specified in the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 (Designation of Vessels and Controlled Sites) Order 2012. Quality of life The standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group. Ramsar site A wetland designated to be of international importance to sustain biodiversity under the Ramsar convention. Regional Spatial Strategy Prepared by Glasgow City Region Place for the eight local authorities within Glasgow City Region. River Basin Management Plan Identify how stakeholders will work together to protect and improve the water environment including rivers, lakes, estuaries, coasts and groundwater. Scheduled Monument Archaeological sites, buildings or structures of national or international importance. The purpose of scheduling is to secure long term legal protection of the monument in situ and as far as possible in its existing state and within an appropriate setting. Scottish Environment Protection Agency Scotland’s principal environmental regulator, protecting and improving Scotland’s environment. Seascape An area as perceived by people, from land, sea, or air, where the sea is a key element of the physical environment. Seascape Landscape Visual Impact Assessment Assessment to identify the effects of a development on views and visual amenities. Sectoral interactions The interaction between two or more economic sectors. Sediment dynamics The formation, distribution and movement of sediments, including erosion and accretion. Identify sustainable long-term coastal policies to reduce risks to people, property and the historic and natural environment. Significant Impacts A large, noticeable and important effect or consequence that changes a feature, system or situation, that results in substantial harm. Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Conservation designation for a nationally protected area containing biological or geological features of special interest. Soft engineering Use of the natural environment to help reduce coastal erosion and river flooding. Special Protected Area (SPA) Protected sites classified according to the EC Birds Directive. SPAs are important habitats for rare and migratory birds within the EU. Special Qualities The characteristics that make a designation special. Characteristics can include landscape and views, geology and geography, biodiversity and rare species, and archaeology and history. Step Ashore Step ashore facilities e.g. pontoons and landing stages, services for boaters, public facilities, commercial opportunities and shore access
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134 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) The assessment of plans, programmes and strategies to identify, report and propose mitigation measures, and monitor environmental their environmental impacts. Sustainable development Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable transport Reducing the environmental, social and economic impact of travel by promoting and facilitating people and organisations to use more sustainable and active forms of travel. UK Marine Policy Statement Framework for preparing Marine Plans and taking decisions affecting the marine environment. Use Use is categorised into (i) use that is or will be authorised and/or enforced by a public authority, and (ii) use that relates to general use of the marine environment, including all legitimate use that is not specifically addressed by right of use. Wellbeing The state of being comfortable, healthy or happy. Also understood as a positive state for individuals and societies, influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors, and encompassing quality of life and purpose Wild Land Area (WLA) Nationally important (not a statutory designation) areas of the most extensive areas of high wildness.
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135 | Clyde Regional Marine Plan Consultation Draft Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU www.clydemarineplan.scot
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Page 1 of 219 w Sustainability Appraisal including Strategic Environmental Assessment Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde
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Page 2 of 219 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 26 June 2026 Version Control Version no Date Author(s) Notes 1 22 June 2020 S Sheridan Issued to Members on 23rd June 2020 2 08 July 2020 S Sheridan Amended based on Members’ feedback. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan 8 July 2020. 3 11 July 2022 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate and members feedback on the draft regional marine plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan July 2022. 4 9 June 2023 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on the draft regional marine plan and ver. 3 of this document. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2023. 5 26 June 2026 Amended by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended based on feedback from NatureScot and on Marine Directorate feedback on the draft regional marine plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2026.
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Page 3 of 219 Contents 1. Introduction – Draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan and the purpose of this Strategic Appraisal ..... 6 Map 1: The Clyde Marine Region as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015, with populated islands labelled. .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1. Contents and main objectives of the draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan ................................ 7 1.2. Relationship with other relevant plans, programmes and strategies .................................... 9 1.3. Environmental Protection Objectives ................................................................................... 10 2. Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................................. 12 3. Current state of the environment and context of the Clyde Marine Region................................ 19 3.1. Environmental baseline information and context of the Clyde Marine Region ................... 19 3.1.1. Biodiversity, flora and fauna ......................................................................................... 20 3.1.2. Population and human health ...................................................................................... 24 3.1.3. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ...................................................... 27 3.1.4. Water ............................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.5. Air .................................................................................................................................. 29 3.1.6. Climatic factors ............................................................................................................. 30 3.1.7. Material assets .............................................................................................................. 31 3.1.8. Cultural heritage ........................................................................................................... 32 3.1.9. Landscape/seascape ..................................................................................................... 33 3.2. Likely evolution of the baseline without the implementation of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan 33 3.3. Environmental problems and issues ..................................................................................... 35 4. Sustainability Appraisal-Strategic Environmental Assessment results ......................................... 41 4.1. Biodiversity, flora and fauna ................................................................................................. 44 4.2. Population and human health .............................................................................................. 46 4.3. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes .............................................................. 47 4.4. Water .................................................................................................................................... 48 4.5. Air .......................................................................................................................................... 49 4.6. Climatic factors ..................................................................................................................... 49 4.7. Material assets ...................................................................................................................... 51
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Page 4 of 219 4.8. Cultural heritage ................................................................................................................... 52 4.9. Landscape/Seascape ............................................................................................................. 53 4.10. Socio-economic factors ..................................................................................................... 54 4.11. Assessment of Alternatives ............................................................................................... 59 4.12. Cumulative effects ............................................................................................................ 61 5. Monitoring and mitigation ............................................................................................................ 62 Appendix 1 – SEA checklist ................................................................................................................... 63 Appendix 2 - Summary of Consultation Authorities’ responses to SA-SEA Scoping report.................. 64 Appendix 3 - Assessment matrices ....................................................................................................... 65 Visions, Aims and Guiding Principles ................................................................................................ 65 Section 1 – General Policies .............................................................................................................. 68 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................. 68 Historic Environment ........................................................................................................................ 78 Landscape/seascape ......................................................................................................................... 83 Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage ...................................................................... 89 Natural Heritage.............................................................................................................................. 100 Non-Native Species ......................................................................................................................... 112 Marine Litter ................................................................................................................................... 118 Connecting people to the Clyde Marine Region ............................................................................. 130 Section 2 – Sectoral Policies ............................................................................................................ 141 All Sectors........................................................................................................................................ 141 Sea Fisheries .................................................................................................................................... 153 Aquaculture..................................................................................................................................... 169 Sport, Recreation and Tourism ....................................................................................................... 176 Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries ............................................................................................ 183 Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines .............................................................................................. 196 Defence ........................................................................................................................................... 202 Marine Aggregates .......................................................................................................................... 204 Appendix 4 - Assessment of Reasonable Alternatives ........................................................................ 206 Appendix 5 – Changes to objectives and policies of the draft CRMP as a result of the SA-SEA assessment process ............................................................................................................................ 211 Appendix 6 - Other relevant plans, programmes and strategies that will influence CRMP development ....................................................................................................................................... 213
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Page 5 of 219 Abbreviations used in this document Term Abbreviation Clyde Marine Planning Partnership CMPP Clyde Marine Region CMR Clyde Marine Region Assessment CMRA Clyde Regional Marine Plan CRMP Good Ecological Status (classification under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003) GEcS Good Ecological Potential (classification under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003) GEcP Good Environmental Status (classification under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010)) GEnvS Mean High Water Springs MHWS Mean Low Water Springs MLWS National Marine Plan NMP Priority Marine Features PMFs Regional Marine Plan RMP Shellfish Water Protected Areas SWPAs Sustainability Appraisal including Strategic Environmental Assessment SA-SEA
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Page 6 of 219 1. Introduction – Draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan and the purpose of this Strategic Appraisal The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP), acting under the Delegation of Functions (Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde) Direction 2017, will develop a Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde as defined in Article 3 of the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015 (hereafter referred to as the 'Clyde Marine Region' (CMR)). The Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) will be in line with Scotland’s National Marine Plan (NMP) (2015) and is expected to contribute to the management of the competing demands for the use of the Region, while protecting and enhancing the marine environment. Once the Plan development process is complete, the CRMP will be submitted to Scottish Ministers for adoption and approval. Map 1: The Clyde Marine Region as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015, with populated islands labelled.
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Page 7 of 219 The development of the draft CRMP has been driven by members of the CMPP, with wider stakeholder views also incorporated through sectoral- and issues-based working group meetings, workshops and public engagement. There was consideration of the existing legislative context and where and how the draft CRMP could add value to what is already in place. The starting point for policy development was consideration of the findings of the Clyde Marine Region Assessment (CMRA; 2018), which identified the main issues in the Region. A socio-economic review (2018) was undertaken to consider relevant strategies, policies and reports; its findings were considered when developing policies. The pre-consultation draft CRMP was developed over 2018 and early 2019 and this underwent a ‘pre-consultation’ in 2019. Following the pre-consultation, the objectives, policies and recommendations were updated to reflect the feedback received during this process, contributing to the development of the draft CRMP – the version of the CRMP that this Assessment considers. Further stakeholder discussions were held, particularly to consider revisions for the Natural Heritage, Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture chapters. A ‘usability’ workshop was also held to improve policy. These outputs contributed towards the development of the draft CRMP. During draft CRMP development, two public dialogue1 exercises were undertaken to enable more detailed conversation with those people not usually involved in marine planning. This work also informed policy development. Under the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005, a Strategic Environmental Assessment of the draft CRMP is required to identify any environmental impacts of proposed policies across a range of environmental issues; such as biodiversity, flora, fauna, soil, water, etc. This process ensures that the environmental impact is systematically considered during the Plan making process and, where they might occur, any mitigation measures and monitoring processes are put in place. A Sustainability Appraisal takes account of any potential social and economic impacts of proposed policies, in addition to the potential environmental impacts above. An interim Sustainability Appraisal, including a Strategic Environmental Assessment Report (SA-SEA), was developed for the pre-consultation draft CRMP. Undertaking SA-SEA development alongside Plan development at this early stage allowed SA-SEA considerations to inform the Plan making process, and modifications that were identified through this process are shown in Appendix 5. The pre-consultation provided an opportunity for wider stakeholders and the public to consider the interim SA-SEA alongside the pre-consultation draft CRMP and use it to inform their views on the CRMP itself. The feedback process on the pre-consultation draft and further dialogue with CMPP members and Marine Directorate contributed to the development of the draft CRMP, and this SA- SEA. 1.1. Contents and main objectives of the draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan The draft CRMP identifies objectives and policies to encourage the sustainable development of marine industries; incorporate environmental protection and, where possible, enhancement; take account of social considerations in marine decision-making; and have a role in contributing to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. The CRMP will add value to the current policy framework already in place through the NMP by taking into account local circumstances and priorities, and smaller ecosystem units. The draft CRMP was produced using the Ecosystem Approach, which looks to promote conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. This is compatible with achieving Good Environmental Status (GEnvS) under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010). 1 Public Dialogue public engagement (https://bit.ly/2H0jDny).
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Page 8 of 219 Once finalised and adopted, the CRMP will apply to the CMR, which extends from Mean High Water Springs (MHWS) seawards out to the sea lochs in the north of the region, down to the tip of the Mull of Kintyre and eastwards across the Clyde Sea to the Ayrshire coast, to Loch Ryan. It encompasses the islands of Arran, Bute and Cumbrae (see Map 1 of the Clyde Marine Region). The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 requires that consenting authorities must take authorisation or enforcement decisions in accordance with Scotland’s NMP and the CRMP, once it is adopted by Scottish Ministers. Public authorities must also have regard to the CRMP when making any decision which could affect the Region and the CRMP will be reviewed after three years. The draft CRMP is therefore designed to provide a statutory policy framework for public authorities to make decisions on the placement and management of proposed developments and activities, is not retrospective to existing infrastructure, and will guide other decisions by public authorities which may impact the Region. It provides locally relevant information and policy to support implementation of the NMP. The CRMP will also serve as a guide to all marine users in the management of activities within the Region. The draft CRMP contains objectives which set out the overall aim and intent for each of the chapters. Policies within the draft CRMP are for the use of applicants to inform proposals, public authorities to guide decision-making and other marine users to understand how the policies support the sustainable development and use of the Region. The CMRA and Scotland’s Marine Assessment 2020 identified pressures on the Region’s marine and coastal environment, such as marine litter and the spread of non-native species, which cannot be addressed through public authority decision-making alone. Recommendations for marine users/local management are included throughout the draft CRMP to inform the general management of all activities within the Region, including those which are not managed through planning or licensing, such as marine and coastal sport, recreation and tourism. Implementation of these recommendations by marine users at the local level will have a significant role in driving protection and enhancement of the marine and coastal environment and ensuring sustainable activities take place. These recommendations are not enforced or funded by public authorities, but are developed and promoted by a wide range of organisations, some of which are Members of the CMPP. They may be included by public authorities in planning or licensing decisions, as further information or guidance, at the public authorities’ discretion. All objectives, polices and recommendations have been assessed as part of the SA-SEA process as they can all potentially result in an effect on the SA- SEA topics. The CRMP will contribute to the current management framework established by the NMP. It will also align with terrestrial planning. The marine and terrestrial planning regimes overlap in the intertidal zone (the area between high and low tide) – marine planning extends to Mean High Water Springs (MHWS) and terrestrial planning extends to Mean Low Water Springs (MLWS). Aquaculture developments are also required to seek planning permission through the terrestrial system. Many coastal developments and activities have links to the marine economy and potential impacts on marine natural, historic and cultural heritage. It is important that terrestrial and marine planning are joined up both in strategic planning terms, but also for licensing and consents for individual applications. Key facts about the Plan Responsible Authority Marine Directorate Title Clyde Regional Marine Plan Purpose Set a framework for the sustainable development and management of the marine and coastal environment of the Clyde
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Page 9 of 219 Marine Region, ensuring the protection and enhancement of the environment in order to address issues at the regional level. What prompted the Plan? The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 introduced a new statutory marine planning framework which required the creation of a National Marine Plan and enabled the creation of Regional Marine Plans. Subsequently 11 marine regions were created under the Scottish Marine Regions Order (2015). Shetland and Clyde regions were the first to establish planning partnerships and begin developing Regional Marine Plans for their respective regions. Subject Marine Spatial Planning Period covered 2027/8-2030/31 initially Frequency of updates The CRMP is to be reviewed three years from adoption and updated or replaced if required. Area covered Clyde Marine Region (up to MHWS and the Normal Tidal Limit of the River Clyde) Summary of nature/content The CRMP will provide a framework that guides and promotes sustainable development of the Region. It seeks to maintain, and enhance the health of the Region, including the biodiversity, landscape and seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources. The CRMP will promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources and encourage the reconnection of people with the sea through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. The CRMP will contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy and ensure that decisions affecting the management of the Region are taken in a way that maximise opportunities to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change. Objectives The overall intention of the CRMP is set out through the vision, aims and guiding principles. There are also sector and issue specific objectives. Date May 2026 Contact Clyde Marine Planning Partnership CMPP_INFO@nature.scot 07825 658962 1.2. Relationship with other relevant plans, programmes and strategies The draft CRMP is informed by and is in accordance with the NMP and the UK-wide Marine Policy Statement. These plans are already in accordance with relevant International legislation. The detail of the legislative and policy context for the NMP is set out within the Sustainability Appraisal Report2 for the NMP, and specifically within Appendix 2: Environmental Protection Objectives. At a national and regional level, development of the CRMP is influenced by a wide range of other plans, programmes and strategies. Where those have a statutory basis, the draft CRMP must be in line with them. These are listed in Appendix 6. The draft CRMP will not replace or remove existing regulatory regimes or legislative requirements. It will provide a consistent overarching framework to be used when reaching decisions about development and activities in the Region. The CRMP will operate within the context of, and seeks 2 https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2013/07/7449
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Page 10 of 219 alignment with both statutory and non-statutory plans, including the National Planning Framework 4, Strategic Development Plans, Local Development Plans3, City Region and Growth Deals4, Clyde Mission5, River Basin Management Plans, Flood Risk Management Plans, Inshore Fisheries Group Management Plans, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans and Shoreline Management Plans. The draft CRMP also operates within the context of wider national industry groups. The CMR borders the Solway and Argyll Scottish Marine Regions and the Northern Ireland marine area. The Solway and Argyll Scottish Marine Regions have not yet begun to develop Regional Marine Plans. The Marine Plan for Northern Ireland is currently being finalised. 1.3. Environmental Protection Objectives The draft CRMP complies with existing national and international environmental protection objectives established at international and/or UK level and as set out within existing plans, programmes or strategies. These are set out in Annex 2 of the NMP: Sustainability Appraisal Report. In addition to these wider measures, a number of objectives have been developed within the CRMP. These are: • Objectives on climate change state that development and activities should contribute to Scotland’s transition to net-zero carbon emissions by 2045, minimise emissions of greenhouse gases and are adapted to be resilient to the impacts of climate change. Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Region and people, biodiversity and the environment are resilient to climate change impacts. • With regard to cultural heritage and the historic environment the objectives are to ensure that these assets, whether visible, buried, submerged or intangible are protected and enhanced. People’s knowledge and experience of these assets is enhanced through improved awareness. • The objective of landscape/seascape is that nationally and locally important landscape/seascape character of the Region is protected and enhanced at both a wider and a local level to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. • The objective relating to coastal processes focuses on increasing the resilience of development(s) and activities to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets where possible. • Ensure the integrity of seabed sediments ensuring that their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of sediments and the seabed. • Objectives relating to biodiversity, flora and fauna concern the protection and enhancement of the health of the marine and coastal natural heritage of the Region, including the ecosystem services it provides. Knowledge and data of natural features is improved to identify options for their enhancement and to inform sustainable development. People’s experience and knowledge of the coastal and marine environment is enhanced through improved awareness of the natural heritage of the Region. The risk of introduction and spread of non-native species is reduced and management of known pathways is improved in the Region, with a reduction of the impact of non-native species on both the 3 See The Relationship between the Statutory Land Use Planning System and Marine Planning and Licensing, Circular 1/2015 (https://bit.ly/2GhXQYc). 4 City Region and Growth Deals are agreements designed to deliver long-term strategies to improve economies. In the Clyde Marine Region, there are currently three Deals in place: Glasgow City Region Deal (https://bit.ly/2UZ44nK), Ayrshire Growth Deal (https://www.ayrshire.gov.uk/AyrshireGrowthDeal/) and Argyll and Bute Growth Deal (https://bit.ly/2y5MUfc). 5 Place-based approach to maximise the full potential of the Clyde (Inner Firth from South Lanarkshire to Inverclyde on both sides of the Clyde), launched by the Scottish Government in 2020.
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Page 11 of 219 ecosystem and economy. The amount of marine litter in the Region is reduced and there is an increase in beach cleaning activities and data collection on the sources of litter. • There are a range of objectives that support population and human health. These include improving opportunities for people to access and enjoy the Region’s coast and waters for recreation and sport, ensuring human activities do not have detrimental impact on water quality and targeting action on marine litter to improve people’s enjoyment and recreational experiences in the marine and coastal environment. The draft CRMP also seeks to ensure that air and water quality are not negatively impacted by the objectives, policies and recommendations. In addition to this, the draft CRMP seeks to contribute to the achievement of GEcS under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. The statutory requirements6 of this report require that the Environmental Protection Objectives are included. However in the interest of covering the full scope of the draft CRMP and the Sustainability Appraisal topics of marine economy and society, the objectives relating to these areas are summarised below: • For the marine economy the overarching objectives for all sectors are supportive and encourage safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors and ensuring infrastructure and the supply chain adequately supports sectors operating in the Region. The marine economic objectives also include improved data and knowledge which can inform sustainable development, identify opportunities for protection and enhancement and to strengthen our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures. There are also specific objectives for each of the sectors operating in the Region. These include: o For sea fisheries, the objectives are to achieve a sustainable, diverse and resilient marine ecosystem which enables a wide range of fishing opportunities, supplies local and other markets, supports sustainable stock levels, is resilient to the impacts of climate change, where by-catch is reduced, spatial management is employed to protect and enhance areas of importance to fishing activities and knowledge and data on areas of importance to fisheries activities are improved. o For aquaculture, the objectives are the sustainable development and diversification of the sector which provides economic benefits to rural areas and where sites actively contribute to the protection and enhancement of the marine environment. o For sport, recreation and tourism, the objectives are that the Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism experiences for local people and visitors and the benefits generated by this activity are spread across local communities and beyond. Public access to the sea is improved in the Region with supporting infrastructure. o For shipping, ports, harbours and ferries, the objectives are supporting the sustainable development of the market for cruise ships, increasing the use of ports, harbours, and other coastal facilities for the construction, servicing and decommissioning of structures and vessels, improving connectivity and exploring the use of dredged materials for environmental enhancement. o For energy, subsea cables and pipelines, the objectives are a reduction in the reliance on fossil fuels, in line with Sectoral Marine Plans and that the laying, replacement and maintenance of subsea cables is undertaken with consideration of all users. 6 Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 - https://bit.ly/3owvP8V
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Page 12 of 219 o For defence the objective is that operations of His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde are undertaken with due consideration of other users and the marine environment. o For marine aggregates, the objective is that these resources are safeguarded in the Region and any future exploitation is in line with regulations, in particular regarding potential environmental impact. • As well as the benefits that can result from many of the economic and environmental objectives for society, there is a chapter in the draft CRMP on ‘Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region’, which promotes societal ambitions of the draft CRMP and acknowledges the vital role that people have as part of the ecosystem and conversely the reliance people have on healthy and resilient ecosystems. Objectives related to society include promoting meaningful engagement of local communities and marine users in the decision-making process for proposals in the Region, people’s knowledge and enjoyment is improved through sustainable and responsible use, and experiences of the natural environment and responsible public access in the Region is improved. 2. Assessment Methodology The process of developing the SA-SEA has been an iterative one. As the pre-consultation draft CRMP was developed, objectives and policies were assessed against the SEA and SA objectives for each topic. This ensured that potential significant environmental, social or economic effects arising from the draft CRMP were identified and mitigation measures were considered and identified, or policies amended where necessary. This enabled improvements to be made to the objectives and policies throughout the process. The diagram table below highlights the key stages of the SA-SEA process. During the scoping stage, the scoping report stated that potential effect on any of the SEA topics could not be ruled out and so all were scoped in. Consultation Authorities in their responses to the scoping report agreed with this and accordingly all environmental topics identified in the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 have been scoped into the SA-SEA. The scoping report also set out a proposed methodology, which has been used to complete the SA-SEA assessment. A summary of the Consultation Authorities’ responses and the subsequent action taken to address/incorporate the comments into the SA-SEA report is noted in Appendix 2. Moreover, Appendix 1 provides a checklist of requirements of the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 with the sections of this document where responses to the requirements are presented. Following the pre-consultation, this version of the CRMP was amended according to the feedback received. The Consultation Authorities responded to the interim SA-SEA, and all responded that there was no significant comments to make/they were content with the findings of the Assessment. Their responses are noted within the pre-consultation report, which can be found on the CMPP website. Following this, workshops were organised to discuss changes to the Sea Fisheries, Aquaculture and Natural Heritage chapters. A Public Dialogue exercise was undertaken with communities in Glasgow, Ayr and Dunoon to gather their views on draft policies. In addition to this CMPP Members’ provided feedback and a ‘Usability Workshop’ was organised. Feedback was provided from this workshop to improve the readability and usability of the draft CRMP, including specific changes to policies. This report has been updated to reflect these changes. The draft CRMP contains: 1. Introduction and context 2. Vision, aims and approach to objectives and policies 3. Section 1: General policies which cover cross-cutting issues including: Climate Change; Historic Environment; Landscape/Seascape; Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm
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Page 13 of 219 Damage; Natural Heritage; Non-Native Species; Marine Litter and Connecting People to the Region. 4. Section 2: Sector policies which cover All Sectors; Sea Fisheries; Aquaculture; Sport, Recreation and Tourism; Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries; Energy, Subsea cables and Pipelines; Defence and Marine Aggregates. 5. Annex – Guidelines on national and regional authorisations, consents and assessments 6. Glossary Vision, aims, objectives, policies and recommendations of the draft CRMP within numbers 2-5 above will be assessed against the SA-SEA objectives laid out below in Table 1. The SA-SEA objectives have been identified taking into account the scope of the SA-SEA, environmental protection objectives, the CMRA and comments from the Consultation Authorities. The objectives themselves have been framed in a way to illustrate where aspects of the natural environment can provide both social and economic benefits to people. Examples of ecosystem services have been included in the third column below to illustrate the types of ecosystem services that will be considered in the SA-SEA. As proposed at the scoping stage, a matrix was used for the detailed assessment of the vision, aims, guiding principles, objectives, policies and recommendations. Within the matrices, a key is used to indicate whether the impact will be positive, neutral or negative, what the nature of the impact is (e.g. permanent or temporary), what mitigation and monitoring can be put in place and additional explanatory text and comments. Mitigation measures are considered in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy: avoid, minimise, restore and offset. The SA-SEA also considers the cumulative effects of all the policies within the draft CRMP set within the context of the NMP. Where additional or reasonable, alternative policies have been identified and developed through the Plan making process; the SA-SEA assessment also considers these against the SA-SEA objectives. A narrative summary of the results of the assessment is included in Section 4 of the report. Detailed assessment matrices are included in Appendix 3 of the report. The SA-SEA does not include a Habitats Regulations Appraisal, and this has been carried out as a separate Assessment. In terms of any difficulties or issues in carrying out the SA-SEA, the CMRA provided a vital resource and outlined the environmental baseline and identifying environmental problems. Completing the CMRA was the first stage in Plan development and there were difficulties in compiling the CMRA, for example lack of data in some areas, such as noise. For economic activity, in some instances it was difficult to disaggregate information down to the Region scale, and so for some economic information, this is taken at the wider CMR scale, which includes whole Local Authority areas. This is fully outlined and explained in the CMRA and is acknowledged where this is the case. The interim SA- SEA (which was completed alongside the pre-consultation draft CRMP) was carried out by the staff of the CMPP, who benefitted greatly from the advice and guidance of the Consultation Authorities, through their comments provided on the SA-SEA scoping report, and of the CMPP Members. The diagram below illustrates the relationship between the development of the CRMP and the SA- SEA, linking these processes and highlighting the key input points. Relationship between the draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan and the Sustainability Appraisal, including Strategic Environmental Assessment
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Page 14 of 219 Stages in SA-SEA Process Stages in RMP Development Key Input Points Establishing the baseline Development of Clyde Marine Region Assessment CMPP Members, SEPA, NatureScot, Marine Directorate, MASTS7 Screening and scoping Review policy options in terms of impact on Society- Economy-Environment Develop Interim SA-SEA Report Development of pre - consultation draft Screening and scoping report considered by consultation authorities Sectoral working groups, issue- based workshops, CMPP Members’ meetings, public engagement. 10 week open consultation on pre-consultation draft and interim SA-SEA Report Further review of policy revisions for SA-SEA requirements Revision and preparation of draft RMP 12 week public consultation on draft RMP and SA-SEA including active stakeholder engagement Post adoption statement Ministerial approval and adoption Publication Post consultation procedures by Scottish Ministers Monitoring effects of implementing the RMP Keeping matters under review CMPP Members’ meetings 7 Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland
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Page 15 of 219 Table 1: SA-SEA Objectives incorporating ecosystem services SEA Topic SEA Objectives Examples of ecosystem services that will be considered Biodiversity, flora and fauna 1. Conserve and enhance the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. 2. Prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. 3. Contribute to GEnvS and GEcS of the CMR being achieved - meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. • Some marine species are a source of food and healthy habitats provide the capacity for these species to carry out different stages of their life cycle – such as feed, create burrows, and provide areas for spawning and protection for juveniles – with success. • Some species play an important role in waste breakdown and detoxification, ensuring the aquatic environment is safe for people to use. • Many marine species are also important for carbon sequestration and storage, either within their own mass (e.g. maerl) or through transfer to sediment (e.g. seagrass). Population and human health 4. Contribute to healthy ecosystems – biodiversity and geodiversity – that are seen as an essential part of supporting human health and wellbeing. • Spending time by the sea has long been recognised for its benefits to physical and mental health and wellbeing. • There is a non-use value of particular relevance to protected sites whereby people value knowing that iconic species and habitats exist without necessarily using them and that they will be available to benefit future generations. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 5. Contribute to ensuring that ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of geodiversity8 and associated sediments, seabed and the natural processes supported by these features. 6. Prevent damage to important geological sites including the benefits they provide. 7. Avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and to maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. • Geodiversity provides many ecosystem services, such as a diversity of seabed habitats and physical features necessary for the existence of marine life, the basis for energy development and the attenuation of erosive forces close to shore. • Sediments provide habitats for species, such as mud burrows for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and sand/gravel for King scallops (Pecten maximus). Ensuring the protection of these ensures that these species can thrive and the benefits for people can continue to be derived. • Sediments play an important role in waste breakdown and detoxification, ensuring the aquatic environment is safe for people to use. • Sediments also act as carbon stores. • Marine sediments have an important role in nutrient cycling. 8 Geodiversity is the variety of rocks, fossils, minerals, natural processes, landforms and soils that underlie and determine the character of our landscape and environment. http://www.ukgap.org.uk/geodiversity.aspx
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Page 16 of 219 SEA Topic SEA Objectives Examples of ecosystem services that will be considered 8. Contribute to ensuring that the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected. • Habitats such as saltmarsh, mudflats and sand dunes can protect coastal areas from storm damage and help adaptation to sea-level rise. Water 9. Contribute to ensuring GEnvS and GEcS of the CMR is achieved - meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. • Maintaining clean and safe waters for swimming and other immersion sports contributes to people’s sense of place and interaction with the marine environment and maintains the cultural heritage of popular seaside destinations for immersion sports, including designated bathing sites. • There are benefits to economic activities such as aquaculture. • Having clean and safe bathing waters enables people to utilise the marine environment for exercise and sport. Air 10. Avoid exacerbating poor air quality in coastal areas, sustaining the benefits of natural resources and processes. • Good air quality provides a regulating service, supporting ecosystems and species. Poor air quality reduces the ability of species, including humans, to thrive and their ability to be productive and provide other ecosystem benefits. Climatic factors 11. Contribute to a timely and commensurate Clyde regional contribution to climate change mitigation. 12. Contribute to ensuring that adaptation actions are taken into account to support the natural adaptive capacity of systems in order to sustain the benefits of natural processes and resources. 13. Contribute to ensuring that adaptation to climate change impacts (e.g. sea-level rise, coastal erosion and flooding) is considered in developments and activities. • The effects of climate change reduce the capacity of species and habitats to be productive and provide ecosystem benefits, such as provision of food. Climate change may cause species to move out of the Region and impact phytoplankton and zooplankton production – the basis of the food web. Material assets 14. Contribute to ensuring both built and natural resources are used efficiently and sustainably, delivering multiple benefits for material assets and working in partnership with nature. The assessment considers material assets to include the infrastructure around the region, such as harbour facilities, piers, jetties, coastal paths and coastal defences. As such, no significant ecosystem services have been identified for consideration for this SEA topic. Some SEA processes consider assets such as natural flood management processes, marine aggregates or certain habitats to be material assets. Within this SEA, these are considered under different SEA topics. Cultural heritage 15. Protect and where appropriate enhance the historic marine environment and the benefits it provides. • Protecting and enhancing cultural heritage, such as historic sites and popular beaches contributes to people’s sense of place and interaction with the marine and coastal environment.
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Page 17 of 219 SEA Topic SEA Objectives Examples of ecosystem services that will be considered 16. Avoid damaging known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology and the benefits it provides. 17. Avoid adversely impacting on the character and setting of historic sites and buildings and the benefits they provide. • Consideration should be given around known historic sites and coastal and marine archaeology or unknown archaeology and its potential presence in the locality of known features. Landscape/s eascape 18. Promote the protection of landscapes/seascapes and where possible avoid or minimise adverse effects on landscapes/seascapes and the benefits they provide. • The CMR is unique in the Scottish coast in terms of the amount and expanse of sea broadly contained by the mainland. There is a complexity and variety of seascapes which, coupled with industry and coastal development, have contributed to the natural and cultural landscapes much appreciated by locals and visitors to the Region. SA Topic SA Objective Examples of ecosystem services that will be considered Marine Economy 19. Support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the CMR across a range of sectors and business sizes. 20. Contribute to the sustainable use of the CMR’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. 21. Protect marine assets (such as mineral assets) in the CMR, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. 22. Remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. 23. Safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the CMR. • Utilising the marine environment and natural resources provides goods and services that can support economic activity. • Most marine-related industries rely on the natural environment to provide benefits needed for the operation of the industry. For example, fisheries are dependent on fish stocks being available to harvest; aquaculture relies on supporting and regulating services such as nutrient cycling and waste treatment; sport, recreation and tourism rely on the provision of clean and safe waters and seascapes. Society 24. Maintain or improve accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. 25. Promote access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. 26. Support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities. 27. Contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. • Spending time by the sea and undertaking sports and recreation in and on the sea have long been recognised for their benefits to health and wellbeing. • The seascape has aesthetic properties that have inspired a wealth of literature and art. Residents of west coast urban areas, including Glasgow, along with visitors from further afield, take great pleasure in a visit to enjoy the benefits provided by the marine and coastal environment. • Economic activity in the CMR supports local communities and supply chain activity further afield.
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Page 18 of 219 SA Topic SA Objective Examples of ecosystem services that will be considered 28. Maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. • The Clyde has a rich maritime heritage which the public recognises and celebrates. Access to all of these aspects of the CMR should be encouraged on an equal basis for all to enjoy.
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Page 19 of 219 Assessment of reasonable alternatives The Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005 requires that reasonable alternatives to the CRMP are considered and assessed as part of the SEA. The alternative approaches to the draft considered are: 1. No change/business as usual. This alternative considers the impact if the CRMP is not put in place, and regional/local decisions are based on the NMP and other current legislation and regulations. 2. Regional Marine Plan targets action on issues identified which contribute to delivery of the collective vision and aims of regional stakeholders. This is done through the combined use of statutory policy relating to authorisations and consents, and non-statutory recommendations which guide and can inform the use of the marine and coastal environment. This alternative targets action on identified issues and contributes to delivery of the collective vision and aims of regional stakeholders through the mechanism of policy focussed on licensing and consents and on recommendations to guide best practice and use. The full assessment of these alternatives is available in section 4.11 and Appendix 4. 3. Current state of the environment and context of the Clyde Marine Region The CMRA was prepared to fulfil the legislative requirements of the direction from the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (part 3, section 4b and 4c) and was published in February 2018. It provides detail of key environmental baseline information and issues for the development of the draft CRMP. The Assessment identifies the pressures on the environment arising from different sectors and the impact of human activity. The baseline information for the SA-SEA will be primarily drawn from the information included in the CMRA, now eight years old, and updated information will be taken into account where necessary from appropriate sources. The Assessment can be found on the CMPP website9. The CMRA is divided into sections which correspond to the UK High Level Marine Objectives to deliver ‘clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas’. This is also reflected in the structure of Scotland’s Marine Assessment 202010. These are discussed in the CMRA under three main sections: Clean & Safe, Healthy & Biologically Diverse and Productive. Each chapter in the Clean & Safe and Healthy & Biologically Diverse sections considers the functioning of ecosystem services within the CMR. Each of the chapters within this section are scored (or assessed) according to their condition, given a confidence rating according to the level of data available and an indicator arrow is used to highlight the trend for each area – improving, static or deteriorating. The Productive section of the CMRA analyses key economic and spatial data concerning human activities and considers the potential environmental pressures and impacts of those activities. It also considers potential future trends. 3.1. Environmental baseline information and context of the Clyde Marine Region A summary of the information within the CMRA is given below as a summary of the baseline information that has been used for the SA-SEA. For more detail and information, the full CMRA will be used. 9 http://www.clydemarineplan.scot/marine-planning/clyde-regional-marine-plan/#CMRA 10 Scotland’s Marine Assessment 2020 - https://bit.ly/3WD1oKW
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Page 20 of 219 3.1.1. Biodiversity, flora and fauna The CMRA chapters relevant to this topic of biodiversity, flora and fauna are noted below with their CMRA score, trend and associated confidence level and were cross-checked with SMA2020 data where possible: CMRA Chapter Assessment score Trend Confidence Habitats – Intertidal rock and sediments Some or local concerns Deteriorating High Habitats – Subtidal rock Subtidal rock: Few or no concerns Static Medium Biogenic reefs: Some or local concerns Deteriorating Habitats – Shallow and shelf subtidal sediments Many concerns Static Medium Marine fish (demersal and pelagic) and shellfish Many concerns Static Medium Sharks, skated and rays Basking sharks: Some or local concerns Improving Medium All other elasmobranchs: Many concerns Deteriorating Whales, dolphins and porpoises Some or local concerns Static Low Seals Some or local concerns Improving High Seabirds and water birds Some or Local concerns Deteriorating High Protected areas – nature conservation Seabirds: Some or local concerns Deteriorating High Others: Some or local concerns Static Marine non-native species Some or local concerns Deteriorating Medium Noise Some or local concerns Static Low 3.1.1.1. Key habitats The Region supports rich and varied marine and coastal wildlife. The Region’s habitats are divided into three broad types including: • Intertidal rock and sediments include habitats of bedrock, boulders and cobbles that lie between MHWS and MLWS. The various animals and plants found on rocky shores are adapted to survive the stresses created by regular immersion and emersion in sea water and the related fluctuations in temperature and salinity caused by exposure to the sun and rain at low tide. On many rocky shores there is a distinct vertical zonation pattern brought about by a small number of dominant species inhabiting broad bands on the surface. Intertidal sediments are mobile or dynamic shingle, gravel sand and mud or a combination of these as well as saltmarsh soils. Important areas for intertidal sediments in the Region are the mudflats and pockets of saltmarsh in the Clyde estuary, the heads of the lochs and the sandflats on the Ayrshire coast. Intertidal rock and sediment habitats support species such as dwarf seagrass (Zostera noltii) and blue mussel beds (Mytilus edulis and the polychaete Fabricia sabella, grouped according to the European Environment Agency Habitat classification), which are susceptible to pressures including climate change. Mudflats and sandflats are sensitive to physical disturbance such as beach grooming or some types of developments. • Subtidal rock includes bedrock, boulders and cobbles that occur below the low water mark. Communities that occur here are affected by the availability of light where seaweeds inhabit areas nearer the surface with plenty of light and animals like sponges and soft corals inhabit
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Page 21 of 219 deeper areas where less light is available. Subtidal communities can also be influenced by waves, tidal action and salinity. Areas of subtidal rock are limited within the Region and these occur to the south of Arran, along the Ayrshire coastline and subtidal extensions of rocky shorelines of cliffs. Biogenic reefs are made up of living organisms, such as molluscs, and can also create a ‘rocky’ habitat, these are identified as having some/local concerns within the CMRA and with a deteriorating trend, due to the decline of species such as flame shell (Limaria hians) beds. • Shallow and shelf subtidal sediments include shingle, gravel, sand and mud. Shallow subtidal sediments extend from the mean low water mark to around 70m; shelf sediments are those found from 70-200m depth. They cover the majority of the seabed in the Region and the CMRA identifies their condition as having many concerns, with a static trend. This habitat type supports a wide range of species including northern feather star (Leptometra celtica) and ocean quahog (Artica islandica). There is some overlap with these habitats, and the SEA topic of Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes, which is discussed below as the habitats are formed of sediments and geological features such as bedrock, boulders and cobbles. 3.1.1.2. Mobile species The Region supports many mobile species including: • Fish and shellfish – Historically, the CMR was renowned for its herring (Clupea harengus) fishery and the reasons for the collapse of the fishery are probably due to a decline in spawning stock, high fishing mortality and lack of recruitment to the spring-spawning stock. Other fisheries for cod (Gadus morhua), hake (Merluccius merluccius), saithe (Pollachius virens) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) peaked from the 1960s to the 1980s; however, landings of these stocks have also since declined. Whilst the total biomass of finfish in the Clyde is now similar to that of the 1930s and 1940s, the fish community is characterised by a reduced dominance of various large commercial species and an increase in the stock of whiting, made up of mostly young individuals. There are now fewer large adult finfish, meaning that many are below the size that can be legally caught and sold commercially. There is no quota for whitefish used in the Region. Stock assessments for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) show that the current amount being fished is appropriate to ensure sustainable future catches. Brown crab, velvet crab and European lobster are currently fished close to or above FMSY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) in the Clyde and more data is needed to assess the state of king scallop stocks11. It is envisaged that as survey coverage becomes more standardised from year to year and the time series increases in length, there should be sufficient data to provide a stock assessment for king scallops in this area. King scallop landings have decreased from 400 tonnes in the late 1970s to 133 tonnes in 202212. • Sharks, skates and rays – This group are known as elasmobranchs. Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), spurdog (spiny dogfish; Squalus acanthias), porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) and common skate (Dipturus batis) are Priority Marine Features which occur in the Region. These elasmobranchs are vulnerable to a range of pressures, such as bycatch, the impacts of climate change and collisions with vessels, and populations can take a long time to recover from depletion as they are usually slow-growing and late to reach maturity, resulting in low fecundity. All species of elasmobranchs found in Europe are on the OSPAR list of threatened and declining species. There is little stock information for these animals in the Region; however, survey data has been used to estimate numbers for some species. 11 Fish and Shellfish Stocks 2016, Marine Directorate Science (https://bit.ly/3YhaK0g). 12 Scottish scallop stocks: results of 2023 stock assessments (https://bit.ly/4akrB8n)
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Page 22 of 219 • The Region is home to a wide variety of seabirds and waterbirds. Although the Clyde does not support a significant share of Scotland’s seabirds, large populations are found in various sites around the Clyde. They inhabit the islands and coast of the Region, perhaps most well- known are the population of gannets (Morus bassanus) on Ailsa Craig. Other sites favoured by seabirds include the Ayrshire cliffs and Sanda islands group. Across the whole of the UK seabird abundances have been declining since the early 1990s. They are affected by pressures such as climate change and localised impacts such as reduced breeding space due to overgrowth of vegetation. The Inner Clyde estuary is an important site for wintering waterbirds and supports a population of internationally important redshanks (Tringa totanus), as well as oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), eider (Somateria mollissima) and cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo). Overall Wetlands Birds Surveys for the Region appear to show declines in numbers for several of the species counted. Pressures affecting waterbirds include intermittent risk of disturbance from human activities, and in the longer term sea-level rise is likely to have significant effects on the extent and distribution of intertidal and saltmarsh habitat. • Dolphins, porpoises and whales – Of the 23 species of these animals which have been recorded in Scotland only the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) are regularly spotted in the Region. Harbour porpoises are the most abundant cetacean species in the Region and the high density of these animals here suggests it may be an area of importance for them (notably there is a high density of porpoises during summer, suggesting the Region is particularly important for breeding and rearing young). The front that occurs around the Clyde Sea Sill is considered to be a key attraction for cetaceans visiting the Region from spring to autumn, due to the mixing of waters and the upwelling of nutrients. The precise numbers of these animals is unknown as data comes mainly from sightings, rather than effort-related surveys, which can give information on absolute abundance. In addition these species are highly mobile and at global level their population range is far greater than the Clyde region. • Both species of Scottish seals – the Atlantic grey (Halichoerus grypus) and the harbour or common seal (Phoca vitulina) - are present within the Region. The harbour seal is the more common of the two species. The most recent published count for harbour seals in the Clyde Estuary (area differs slightly to the CMR) was 1,167 in 2015 up from 811 in 2007. Grey seals were counted at 304 in 2015, up from 272 in 2007. These numbers are based on counts of actual hauled out seals during August and therefore represent a minimum number. They are not an estimation of the population size13 of these species within the Region. Counts of hauled out seals in the Region for 2018 provide the numbers for grey seals as 407 and for harbour seals as 1712 in the Region14. The CMRA identified that there are a range of pressures that may generally affect seals, but the extent and magnitude of most have not been quantified and there have been no studies in the CMR. Potential pressures include exposure to hazardous substances, entanglement in marine litter, bycatch, a reduction in prey distribution and biomass due to habitat damage and climate change, collision with ships, the use of acoustic deterrent devices and disturbance from recreational activities at haul-out sites. 3.1.1.3. Protected habitats, species and Priority Marine Features (PMFs) The CMRA identified protected areas as having some/local concerns with a static trend and protected areas notified for seabird features as having some/local concerns with a deteriorating trend, both with a high level of confidence in this assessment. Over the last 30-40 years, various pieces of Scottish, UK and International Legislation have been introduced to help protect locations 13 Lonergan et al. 2013 estimated the harbour seal haul-out probability during the August survey window to be 72%. Russell et al. 2016 (SCOS BP 2016/03) estimated the grey seal haul-out probability during the August survey window to be 23.9%. 14 C. Morris, Personal communications, email, April 2020
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Page 23 of 219 which are recognised for their natural, ecological and/or cultural value (more on this below). Their protection and management help to ensure that they remain in good condition currently and into the future, or that their condition is restored where required. The designated sites in the Region include: Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (NCMPA), Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) and a Ramsar Site, of which there is updated Scottish Government policy on consideration of RAMSAR sites15. Some of these sites form part of the Marine Protected Area Network such as the Clyde Sea Sill MPA and Ailsa Craig SPA. There are also other coastal sites, which are designated for geological features and biological features that are marine and/or coastal, or features that are reliant on the marine and/or coastal environment, such as Sanda Islands SSSI. These sites are listed in the table below. This table includes sites considered by the Habitats Regulations Appraisal, which looks at which European sites may be impacted by the draft CRMP, and includes some freshwater and terrestrial sites, outwith the Region. More information on their features, condition and management can be found at NatureScot SiteLink16. Table 1 – Relevant nature conservation designated sites within/adjacent to the Clyde Marine Region Designation Site name Sites that contribute to the Marine Protected Area network in the Clyde Marine Region17 1. RAMSAR Inner Clyde 2. Special Protection Area (SPA) Inner Clyde 3. SPA Ailsa Craig 4. SPA Loch Lomond 5. SPA Arran Moors 6. SPA Glen Etive and Glen Fyne 7. SPA Glen App and Galloway Moors 8. SPA Black Cart 9. Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area (NCMPA) Clyde Sea Sill 10. NCMPA South Arran 11. NCMPA Upper Loch Fyne and Loch Goil 12. SAC Tarbert Woods 13. SAC Lendalfoot Hills Complex 14. SAC Loch Lomond Woods 15. SAC Endrick Water 16. Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Inner Clyde 17. SSSI Ballochmartin Bay 18. SSSI Kames Bay 19. SSSI Southannan Sands 20. SSSI Bogside Flats Other relevant coastal sites within the Clyde Marine Region These are located at the coast and are designated for geological features and biological features that are marine and/or coastal, or features that are reliant on the marine and/or coastal environment 21. SSSI – Biological Sanda Islands 22. SSSI – Biological Ruel Estuary 23. SSSI – Biological North end of Bute 24. SSSI – Biological Western Gailes 15 Wetlands - protecting Ramsar sites: updated Scottish Government policy (https://bit.ly/3Sohie5) 16 https://sitelink.nature.scot/home 17 The Historic Marine Protected Area Iona I is also part of the Marine Protected Area Network in the Clyde Marine Region, but it is not designated for nature conservation purposes.
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Page 24 of 219 25. SSSI – Biological Troon Golf links and Foreshore 26. SSSI – Biological Turnberry Dunes 27. SSSI – Biological Ballantrae Shingle Beach 28. SSSI – Geological Strone Point, North Loch Fyne 29. SSSI – Geological Rhu Point 30. SSSI – Geological Dumbarton Rock 31. SSSI – Geological Largs Coast section 32. SSSI – Geological Ardrossan to Saltcoats coast 33. SSSI – Geological Turnberry lighhouse to Port Murray 34. SSSI – Geological Girvan to Ballantrae Coast 35. SSSI – Geological Scavoch 36. SSSI – Geological North Newton Shore 37. SSSI – Geological Laggan 38. SSSI – Geological Corrie foreshore and Limestone Mines 39. SSSI – Geological South Coast of Arran 40. SSSI – Geological Dippin Head 41. SSSI – Geological Drumadoon - Tormore 42. SSSI – Mixed Maidens to Doonfoot 43. SSSI – Mixed Ailsa Craig 44. SSSI - Mixed Clauchlands Point - Corrygills PMFs have been determined by NatureScot and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to provide a new focus for marine conservation activities. There is a wide range of PMF habitats found in the Region, including maerl beds (Phymatolithon calcareum, Lithothamnion glaciale and Lithotamnion corralloides), seagrass beds (Zostera noltii, Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima) and flame shell beds (Limaria hians). These habitats provide shelter and protection to many other species and provide nursery areas for a range of fish and shellfish species, including commercially important species. The broad PMF habitat type ‘burrowed mud’ is widespread around the Region and supports many burrowing species like Norway lobster, fireworks anemone (Pachycerianthus multiplicatus) and the tall sea pen (Funiculina quadrangularis). 3.1.2. Population and human health There are a diverse range of communities around the Region, including the urban population of Glasgow, the island communities of Arran, Holy Island, Bute and the Cumbraes, the peri-urban areas of West Dunbartonshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire and Ayrshire and those located more rurally around the Kyles of Bute, the Clyde sea lochs and the east part of the Mull of Kintyre. The area is home to approximately 200,000 people with an additional 650,000 in Glasgow city. The Clyde estuary has been heavily developed and has been a centre of industrial activity since the industrial revolution, although this has declined in the last 50 years or so. Long stretches of the coast now have housing and other developments, especially the Inner Firth and along the Ayrshire coast. Many communities derive benefits from living on or near the Clyde and utilise the environment for recreational or socio-economic activity. Coastal communities around the CMR are diverse: the majority of towns, such as Helensburgh, Gourock, Largs and Troon, are characterised by an older age profile amongst the population; there are a few important fishing and port towns like Campbeltown and Tarbert; some towns are characterised by their reliance on employment in manufacturing, retail, wholesale, transport and administration like Greenock and Ayr; and there is a military community based in Garelochhead18. 18 Duffy, P. D., and T. A. Stojanovic (2018) The Potential for Assemblage Thinking in Population Geography: Assembling Population, Space and Place. Population, Space and Place 24 (3) e2097. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2097.
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Page 25 of 219 Glasgow, a major conurbation and the largest city in Scotland, originated at an important crossing point in the river Clyde and developed into a major port. The Region has a mix of rural and urban populations19. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) ranks small areas from the most deprived to least deprived based on a number of criteria. There is a high concentration of the most deprived areas within Glasgow city, extending into Renfrewshire and West and East Dunbartonshire. Within the CMR, communities which fall into the most deprived 20% in Scotland are found in Campbeltown, Ayr, Girvan, Troon, Saltcoats, Ardrossan, Stevenson, Kilwinning, Rothesay, Dunoon, Gourock, Port Glasgow, Greenock, Dumbarton, Clydebank, Helensburgh and Lochgilphead. The core marine sectors of the Region are shipping and transport, sea fisheries and aquaculture, and the ancillary marine sectors of fisheries and aquaculture fish processing, and sport, recreation and tourism. Table 2 demonstrates the percentage economic contribution of the Clyde Marine Region to Scotland’s marine sectors (Fishing, Aquaculture, Support for oil & gas processing, Ship building, Construction and water transport services, Passenger water transport, Freight water transport, Renting & leasing of water transport equipment, Marine Tourism) from 2022-202320, the most up to date data at the time of writing. Table 2: Economic Overview by local authorities in the Clyde Marine Region, 2022 to 2023 (2023 prices) GVA £M Turnover £M Employment'000s Local Authority 2022 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 Argyll & Bute 130 175 371 382 4.7 5.4 Glasgow City 331 354 833 847 4.5 5.2 Inverclyde 111 95 254 252 1.7 1.8 North Ayrshire 35 37 86 95 1.7 1.8 Renfrewshire 43 36 77 77 1.5 1.6 South Ayrshire 53 44 108 96 1.8 1.9 West Dunbartonshire 20 16 31 27 0.4 0.4 Total 723 757 1,760 1,776 16 18 Percentage of Scottish total 13 13 14 14 23 24 Within the sea fisheries sector, landings in the Clyde Marine Region are made by boats registered in Scotland and Northern Ireland and, to a lesser degree, the Isle of Man and other parts of the UK. Total Scottish direct employment in the fisheries sector in 2024 was 3,375 jobs, of which activity in the Campbeltown and Ayr Sea Fisheries Statistical Districts accounted for 14.5% (543 jobs)21. Value of landings in 2024 for the same districts was £26M22. Aquaculture makes a significant contribution to the economy of the Clyde, providing year round jobs in more remote rural and coastal communities. Direct employment and some support services are important for certain areas, such as the Cowal and Kintyre peninsulas. Wider supply chain activities, including the processing of products, benefit those areas where such activities are located, with these tending to be in more urban locations around Glasgow. Finfish farming accounts for a majority of the production sites, with activity concentrated on salmon farming in and around Loch Fyne and Loch Striven. Finfish farming can also occur outside categorised areas. The value of salmon farming 19 Defining Scotland by Rurality (https://bit.ly/2RZygwl). 20 Scotland's Marine Economic Statistics 2023 (https://bit.ly/437nhpX) 21 Scottish sea fisheries statistics 2024 (https://bit.ly/3ZLrrBY). Figures are recorded according to Sea Fisheries Statistical Districts, so they do not accurately reflect the geographic area of the Clyde Marine Region. The Campbeltown district includes part of Argyll. 22 Ibid.
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Page 26 of 219 in the Clyde and Argyll23 Marine Regions was around £227M in 2022, which represented 18.5% of total Scottish production24. Shellfish farming in the Region is generally smaller scale, single owner businesses. Again, activity is largely concentrated in Loch Fyne and Loch Striven. Farmed species include the blue mussel, Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), native oyster (Ostrea edulis) and the queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis). The value of mussel production in the Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions25 was just under £0.5M in 2022, which represents around 5.5% of Scottish mussel production26. The value of Pacific oyster production in the Clyde Marine Region was £139,810 in 2022 (8.3% of Scottish production) and the value of queen scallops in the Clyde and West Highlands Marine Regions27 was £78 in 2022 (0.06% of Scottish production)28. In terms of contribution to the economy, marine tourism in the Clyde Marine Region was £135M GVA in 2021, 27% of the total Scottish marine tourism GVA that year29 and employment was 7,20030. Marine sport, recreation and tourism can act as a driver to support economic regeneration in coastal and island economies. The contribution of marine tourism to island, rural and fragile communities is well recognised31. Ferries are vital to the communities around the Clyde Marine Region. 2.7 million32 passengers use ferry services connecting communities in the Clyde and providing links to the islands of Arran, Bute and Cumbrae. The Region is a popular cruise destination, where the majority of cruise ships dock at Greenock Ocean Terminal. In 2024, around 150,000 cruise passengers visited the Region, representing 15 % of cruise passengers to Scotland33. Inappropriate development in the marine and coastal environment can affect both the quality of life and human health in local communities. Many effects may be indirect and temporary (e.g. increased construction traffic, increased harbour activity or reduced access for key coastal walking, sailing routes or fishing grounds). Longer term effects may include visual impacts, noise disturbance and the creation of waste and litter. Water quality can also impact on human health and the ability to generate a livelihood and food production from our marine and coastal environment. Recreational immersion sports and activities such as swimming, diving and snorkelling rely on clean and safe waters. Bathing water quality is monitored by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) during the bathing season (15 May to 15 September) to ensure levels of pathogens are not too high as pathogens can cause gastrointestinal illnesses and ear infections. There are 14 sites in the Region which are designated protected bathing areas and these are monitored routinely. Details of these protected bathing areas are noted in the CMRA. Similarly fish and shellfish products are tested by the Food Standards Scotland (FSS) official control (OC) monitoring programme34 to ensure they are safe to consume. Toxins and microorganisms can become concentrated in shellfish flesh and are harmful to consume. 23 Data for Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. The value of salmon farming in the Clyde alone is likely approximately half of the value of salmon farming in the Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions. 24 Scottish fish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 3 (https://bit.ly/4tmXl47) 25 Data for Clyde and Argyll Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. 26 Scottish fish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 2 (https://bit.ly/4etXn6w) 27 Data for Clyde and West Highlands Marine Regions have been merged due to commercial confidentiality. 28 Scottish shellfish farm production survey 2022, Appendix 2 (https://bit.ly/4etXn6w) 29 Scotland’s Marine Economic Statistics 2021 (https://bit.ly/3PWS3OH) 30 Scotland’s marine economic statistics 2017, Section 11 Marine Tourism, Table 17 (https://bit.ly/4uAVeL3) 31 Giant Opportunities 2026-2030: A Strategic Framework for Scotland’s Marine Tourism Sector (https://bit.ly/48IRdf9) 32 Scottish Transport Statistics 2024. Ferry routes included in this figure: Wemyss Bay – Rothesay, Ardrossan – Brodick, Claonaig – Lochranza, Largs – Cumbrae, Colintravie – Rhubodach, Tarbert – Portavadie, Ardrossan – Campbeltown, Gourock – Dunoon. (https://bit.ly/47N9eaV). 33 Cruise ship levy: consultation (https://bit.ly/3Qhf5k7). 34 Food Standards Scotland shellfish results (https://bit.ly/3qghBcV)
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Page 27 of 219 Shellfish Water Protected Areas (SWPAs) and Classified Shellfish Harvesting Areas (CSHAs) have been designated to protect shellfish growing areas. 3.1.3. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes The CMRA chapters relevant to this topic are noted below with their CMRA score, trend and associated confidence level and were cross-checked with SMA2020 data: CMRA Chapter Assessment score and trend Trend Confidence Hazardous substances including biological effects Clyde estuary, Inner Firth, Holy Loch, Garroch Head: Many concerns Static High Other lochs and outer Firth: Some or local concerns Improving The CMRA scores for the habitat types of intertidal rock and sediments, sub-tidal rock and shallow and shelf subtidal sediments, highlighted in section 3.1.1., are also relevant to this SEA topic, as they are underpinned by sediments and geological features. The Firth of Clyde has a coastline of over 1,200 km and includes eight sea lochs, five estuaries and numerous islands including Arran, Bute and the Cumbraes. The diverse nature of the area largely results from its underlying geology with the global and local effects of glaciation during the last ice age. The Firth is bisected by the Highland Boundary Fault. The southern part is relatively un-indented and low in relief whilst the coastline in the northern part is more resistant to erosion, resulting in a more indented and dramatic landscape. Several of the sea lochs are fjordic in nature being long, narrow and deep with shallow sills at their mouths. Since the retreat of the ice around 10,000 years ago, Western Scotland has slowly been rising, relative to sea level. This process has contributed to the formation of raised beaches along parts of the Clyde coast, such as the raised shingle spit at Ballantrae. A recent assessment35 shows that in Scotland, sea-level rise is outpacing vertical land ‘rebound’, and all of Scotland’s firths will be exposed to increased erosion rates due to sea-level rise. Glacial action has created a broad underwater sill with an average depth of 40-50m which divides the North Channel from the Arran Basin, known as the Clyde Sea Sill. The sheltering effect of the Kintyre peninsula and Arran, coupled with deep waters and a moderate tidal range, leads to a seabed dominated by mud. The area also contains a range of habitats with long sandy stretches along the Ayrshire coast and hard ground along the edge of the deep channels in the North Channel and Loch Fyne. There are also rocky shores and sandy bays in the sea lochs. The inner Firth, around the islands of the Cumbraes and Bute, is a sheltered area with a relatively small tidal range and rate. Water circulation is generally weak, with the direction of movement dictated by the wind when it exceeds a gentle breeze. Under conditions of gentler winds, the water circulation is a weak northwards movement as part of the general circulation of the Firth. Sea-level rise will increasingly affect many parts of the CMR’s coast, bringing increased risks of estuarine and coastal erosion and flooding. In some places this may threaten coastal communities, important infrastructure, and natural assets. Cumulative sea-level rise is projected to be at least 85 cm higher in 2100 than in 2017 around the Region36. At the coast the impacts may be further exacerbated through increased storm wave heights and increases in river and surface water flooding. The industrial legacy of the Region means that some hazardous substances are found in high concentrations in the sediments in the estuary. Sewage and dredge spoil sludge dumping was also 35 Marine Climate change Impacts Partnership Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/34AZIGW). 36 UK Climate Projections 18 (https://bit.ly/2XtmEGt) as included in SEPA’s Climate change allowances for flood risk assessment in land use planning report (2019) (https://bit.ly/2O4Bb63).
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Page 28 of 219 carried out in the Clyde and this has led to higher levels of heavy metals in the sediment around these areas, including in the estuary. Some sites have a greater potential to accumulate contaminants due to the hydrophobic nature of some hazardous substances, which means they accumulate more readily in sediments with a high organic content in the CMR. The use and disposal of hazardous substances is now regulated and their concentrations monitored over time to ensure certain activities are not carried out in contaminated areas, e.g. shellfish harvesting. In general the impact of human-induced changes is seen on the overlying sediments, rather than on the seabed geology, although some developments do have the potential to impact on the seabed geology. Parts of the upper Clyde estuary, harbours and ports are dredged to maintain or increase the depth of navigation channels and berthing areas to ensure the safe passage of vessels. Cloch point is used for the disposal of dredged material, and this may have altered topography. Impacts of dredge and trawl fishing are evidenced in parts of the Clyde. Manganese nodules are found just below the surface of the sea bed in many of the sea lochs. There are oil and gas reserves within the CMR. There is currently no marine aggregate extraction taking place in the CMR. 3.1.4. Water The CMRA chapters relevant to this topic are noted below with their CMRA score, trend and associated confidence level and were cross-checked with SMA2020 data: CMRA Chapter Assessment score and trend Trend Confidence Water Framework Directive – transitional and coastal waters Few or no concerns Improving High Microbiological contaminations – Shellfish water protected areas Some or local concerns Static High Microbiological contaminations - bathing waters Some or local concerns Improving High Eutrophication Few or no concerns Improving High Oil and chemical spills and accidents Few or no concerns Improving High Dissolved oxygen Inner Clyde estuary: Some or local concerns Improving High Rest of CMR: Few or no concerns Static Marine litter Some or local concerns Deteriorating Low An integrated approach to the protection, improvement and sustainable use of water resources is driven by the Water and Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and in Scotland this is managed by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The overall aim is for water bodies to achieve ‘Good Ecological Status’ (GEcS) or Good Ecological Potential (GEcP) in the case of heavily modified or artificial water bodies. The majority of the coastal and estuarine water bodies in the Region are in ‘Good’ condition. A few are currently classified as ‘Moderate’ largely as a result of point source discharges and modifications to the bed, banks or shores of the water bodies as a result of land uses and navigation. SEPA continues to work with partners to deliver GEcS or GEcP. There are additional designations for shellfish growing waters to ensure shellfish products are safe to consume: legislation directs SEPA to assess and classify each shellfish protected area. This work is done with FSS who sample, analyse and report water quality in production areas throughout the year to ensure shellfish are safe for consumption, or determine if they require further treatment. At the end of each year FSS provide SEPA with this data who use it to classify the wider shellfish water
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Page 29 of 219 protected areas (SWPA). SEPA’s classification gives an overview of the water quality over the year for the whole SWPA. Bathing waters are also protected in Scotland to ensure people can continue to enjoy the coast and marine environment for recreational activities in a clean and safe environment. Within the Region a number of areas are designated bathing sites. The condition of these is monitored by SEPA for water quality during the bathing season for safety. Failure to meet classification at these sites can often be as a result of run-off from agricultural land after heavy rainfall or diffuse pollution. 3.1.5. Air Air pollution can have many repercussions on quality of life and long term air pollution exposure is associated with a number of health complaints37. Local Authorities monitor air quality in their area in order to make sure that the national air quality objectives will be achieved throughout the UK. If a Local Authority identifies an area where the objectives are not likely to be achieved, it must declare an Air Quality Management Area and develop a Local Air Quality Action Plan to improve air quality. There are currently no AQMAs at the coast within the CMR, indicating that there is no exceedance or likely exceedance of air quality objectives in these areas. To view current AQMAs, please visit this website38. SEPA also regulates and monitors certain industries that can generate airborne pollution under the Pollution Prevention and Control regime. The National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory39 (NAEI) holds emissions based information and the inventory holds data on levels of key pollutants generated by various sectors/industries across the UK. This tool highlights which areas of the Region are affected by air pollution. The NAEI shows point sources for pollutants, as well as total emissions for transportation, and highlights some higher pollution levels along key shipping routes, for example but do not reveal the specific contribution from local shipping activities. Emissions from marine vessels are often localised in ports and the local area, for example, due to the running of engines to provide on-board power whilst vessels are in port. The Air Quality in Scotland website also shows air quality pollution level summaries from monitoring sites across the CMR40 and also shows mapped data for diffusive samplers41 which are widely used for indicative monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide. None of the coastal sampling sites within the CMR exceeded monitoring level thresholds for action at the time of drafting. The NAEI maps emissions data for 2015 in the Region and highlights that the highest nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were between 0.3-1 and 1-25 t/1x1km and the highest sulphur dioxide levels were between 0.1-0.5 t/1x1km.These high levels are found along the shipping lane leading from the inner Firth out towards the Clyde Sea Sill and Northern Ireland. There are also some coastal point sources of sulphur dioxide around Gare Loch, Inverclyde and the North Ayrshire coastline. Particulate matter across a size range between greater than 2.5 µm and less than 0.1 µm is highest in the Region; specifically in Glasgow, Renfrewshire and Inverclyde and parts of North Ayrshire (0.2-1 t/1x1km) when looking at total emissions across all sectors. The greater Glasgow area, Inverclyde, Gare Loch and the North Ayrshire coastline show high concentrations, compared to other parts of the Region coastline for various pollutants, including arsenic, benzene, cadmium, carbon monoxide and the pollutants noted above. Atmospheric emissions from shipping are controlled at international, European and UK levels. Annex VI of the MARPOL convention limits the level of NOx and SOx from engine emissions. The Sulphur 37 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution 38 https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/maps/ 39 http://naei.beis.gov.uk/ 40 http://www.scottishairquality.scot/. This website was developed by Ricardo Energy & Environment on behalf of the Scottish Government. 41 http://www.scottishairquality.scot/latest/diffusion-sites
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Page 30 of 219 Content of Liquid Fuels Directive (as amended by Directive 2005/33/EC) limits the sulphur content of heavy fuel oil, gas oil, marine gas oil and marine diesel oil. Vessels generate emissions of sulphur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and carbon dioxide as a result of the fuel used. These emissions can be significant, especially in areas with heavy marine traffic, and contribute towards air pollution and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the impact that vessels have on air quality and climate change, the International Maritime Organisation introduced a 0.5 % global sulphur cap on vessel fuel in 202042. To meet these regulations, vessels will need to either use fuel that is low in sulphur or install exhaust gas cleaning systems which are designed to remove sulphur oxides from the ship’s engine and boiler exhaust gases43. 3.1.6. Climatic factors The CMRA chapters relevant to this topic are noted below with their CMRA score, trend and associated confidence level and were cross-checked with SMA2020 data: CMRA Chapter Assessment score and trend Trend Confidence Climate change – impact on marine life Concerns for the future/ Many unknowns No trend identified Low/medium Climate change – sea- level rise and coastal flooding Some or Local concerns Deteriorating High The impacts of climate change impacts on the marine and coastal environment can include but are not limited to: increase in sea and air temperatures, ocean acidification and sea-level rise. These impacts may lead to: changes in primary productivity and knock-on impacts on the food web, a northward shift of cold water species and a range expansion of warm water species, changes in life cycle patterns, reduced ability of certain species to form shells, increase in number and distribution of non-native species. Sea-level rise is likely to cause coastal systems to migrate landwards and can threaten built infrastructure and heritage features. The sea plays an important role in the carbon cycle and carbon storage. Carbon stores can be found in sediment, seaweed, seagrass, saltmarsh and animals (for example in carbon-based structures such as shells and coral). The Region contains examples of all of these carbon stores. Threats to carbon stores can include the physical disturbance of seabed sediments, habitat loss, increased turbidity, increased seawater temperatures and ocean acidification. These threats can affect the ability of plants to photosynthesise and of some organisms to form carbon-based structures like shells and maerl. Species near the edges of their thermally limited geographical ranges may also be threatened. Potential carbon sinks in the Region are mapped in the CMRA and on the National Marine Plan Interactive (NMPi). The increase in sea temperature in the Region over the last 25 years has been between 0.4oC and 0.5oC per decade. This warming of the oceans, combined with melting land ice, is leading to a rise in sea-level. Warmer sea temperatures continue to melt sea ice which creates a positive feedback mechanism. Reduced sea ice cover accelerates the rate of ocean warming because more energy is absorbed by water that is no longer covered by ice. Changes in Arctic sea ice cover also have the potential to affect atmospheric circulation which could impact the UK’s climate44. An increase in the 42 Frequently Asked Questions on the 2020 global sulphur limit – International Maritime Organisation (https://bit.ly/37OpesM) 43 Sulphur 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions (https://bit.ly/2UdJy1r) 44 Marine Climate Change Impacts: Report Card 2020 (https://bit.ly/2uXwXXa).
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Page 31 of 219 concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has led to increased ocean acidification. These chemical and physical changes are likely to have impacts on marine and coastal life, such as plankton species and other such communities which sustain marine ecosystems. Storm surges can also cause a temporary rise in sea-level. Storm surges are caused by storms and high winds pushing the seawater towards the coast. There is also an effect of water being ‘pulled’ by low pressure; about 1 cm for every 1 hPa change in pressure. Coastal flooding in the Region is not only caused by extreme surge events, but also moderate surges when there is a high spring tide. There is also a funnelling effect linked to the depth and shape of the seabed in the sea lochs and estuary. Flood risk is expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change causing more intense rainfall, wetter winters and rising sea levels. The National Flood Risk Assessment undertaken by SEPA concluded that coastal flooding, from a combination of high tides and stormy conditions, currently accounts for approximately 17% of all predicted impacts in Scotland. The National Flood Risk Assessment also identified Potentially Vulnerable Areas. In 2015 SEPA published a Flood Risk Management Strategy for each of the 14 Local Plan Districts covering Scotland. Delivery plans were subsequently published for each area setting out how flood risk will be managed, coordinated, funded and delivered between 2016 and 2022. For the CMR, the related regions are: Clyde and Lomond, Ayrshire and Highland Council and Highland and Argyll. More information is available in the CMRA. 3.1.7. Material assets Many industries within the region rely on built infrastructure on the coast to support their operations. Marine vessels (e.g. fishing vessels and recreational vessels, Timberlink transport) utilise ports, harbours, jetties, slipways, moorings and pontoons. Fisheries and aquaculture are supported by processing facilities which are often located near the coast. Some infrastructure is purpose-built, for example Ocean Terminal, to accommodate cruise liners in Greenock and also aquaculture facilities. There is a well-developed ferry route around the CMR which connects the mainland to the Clyde islands and the Mull of Kintyre and includes routes to outside the Region. A Ministry of Defence base is located at Faslane on the western shores of Gare Loch, along with the nearby Naval Armaments Depot located at Coulport. Sport, recreation and tourism is facilitated by a range of infrastructure around the Clyde, with boat-based infrastructure, as mentioned above, and slipways which can provide ingress and egress for a range of activities. There is a range of long-distance coastal paths and routes throughout the Region. While there are no active commercial offshore wind and marine renewable energy schemes in the Clyde Marine Region, one draft tidal option is located to the south of the Kintyre peninsula. The National Offshore Wind Turbine Test facility at Hunterston was the UK’s only onshore test facility for offshore wind turbines; the test turbines at this site were decommissioned in 2018 and 2019. Ayr, Troon and Inchgreen have been identified as potential support sites for marine renewables, providing operations and maintenance (see Map ENCA 1). Hunterston B nuclear power station’s decommissioning process has moved from defueling to the next stage, with the site’s licence transferred from EDF Energy to Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) in April 202645; its coastal location is important for access to water from the Clyde for industrial cooling. Finnart Oil Terminal, a petrochemical transfer facility located on the eastern shore of Loch Long, is capable of receiving Very Large Crude Carriers and Ultra Large Crude Carriers. There are two land- 45 UK Government News Article (2026) (https://bit.ly/3OU5yOY)
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Page 32 of 219 based pipelines that transport crude oil across Scotland to the Grangemouth refinery and return the refined products for export. Submarine power, transmission and telecommunications cables are a key component of the CMR’s enabling infrastructure and are of recognised national and international economic importance, providing power and broadband connectivity to businesses and households on the mainland and the islands. In addition, this infrastructure will support the development of the renewable sector. A map of the cable and pipeline infrastructure in the Region is available in the CMRA. There are a number of wastewater treatment works around the Region where waste water is treated before it is released into rivers of the sea. A map of these facilities can be found in the CMRA. Claddoch power station on Arran is licensed to abstract water. Other industries which carry out abstraction include fish processing, chemical treatment and agriculture. 3.1.8. Cultural heritage The Region has a rich maritime history linked to its industrial past as a key shipping port – ‘Glasgow made the Clyde and the Clyde made Glasgow’. Much of the cultural heritage and built environment has been shaped by the Clyde and surrounding seas. Coastal towns and villages have relied on the fishing industry and its supply chain for employment and ship building has been synonymous with the River Clyde for centuries. The Region has an intrinsic link with the maritime environment and heritage, including: maritime wrecks; historic buildings and sites; maritime and heritage museums; historic ports, docks, quays, warehouses and cranes. These all provide a historical record of the important role the Clyde played in the growth of the Region. There is a wide range of archaeological sites around the CMR, indicating the long standing habitation and use of the area. These sites include Neolithic standing stones, iron-age forts to more recent castles and even more recent industrial history. Cultural heritage also includes intangible heritage, such as art, songs and traditional maritime activities. Some of this stems from Gaelic speaking culture and heritage, and many place names around the Region show that the people of much of the area were once Gaelic speaking, due to the area historically being in the eastern part of the Gaelic kingdom Dál Riata that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and part of Ireland. The historical and cultural assets in the Region make a notable contribution to the Region’s visitor and tourism provision, whilst also providing an educational resource and contributing to the sense of place. The preservation of these assets helps foster the emotional and cultural identity of the Region. Much cultural heritage is recognised through designations of various kinds, for example Historic Marine Protected Areas and scheduled monuments. Gardens and designed landscapes are also an important part of Scotland’s historic environment. Much data on these features can be found through Historic Environment Scotland, the Environment Scotland website, the national records of the historic environment and historic environment records held by planning authorities. Our knowledge of cultural heritage is ongoing and the potential presence of unknown, archaeological and historic features should be taken into consideration by developments and activities taking place.
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Page 33 of 219 3.1.9. Landscape/seascape A detailed assessment of the landscape/seascape of the Firth of Clyde was carried out in 201246. This identified key coastal characteristics and key sensitivities to development/change, while also providing guidance which can be used to assist in managing the coastal landscape/seascape. The assessment highlights that the Region is unique in Scotland in terms of the amount and expanse of sea broadly contained by the mainland. The overall complexity and variety of seascapes can be seen when travelling northwards through the Firth from the open sea, through sounds to straits and lochs that make up the inner channels. The complexity of the seascape is complemented by the variety of coastal geomorphological features, hinterland topography, land management and settlement patterns. Long stretches of coast are well settled especially on the Inner Firth and along the Ayrshire coast. The inter-visibility across the Firth of the coasts ensures that numerous landmark features are visible beyond their own coastal character area, including built structures such as the cranes at Port Glasgow. One of the most widely recurring features across the southern extent of the Clyde is Ailsa Craig. 3.2. Likely evolution of the baseline without the implementation of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan Some environmental pressures experienced within the Region are likely to be independent of any influence of the CRMP or developments and activities within the Region, for example climate change. Climate change will continue irrespective of whether the CRMP is in place or not. However, seeking opportunities and providing guidance to improve adaptation and mitigation for developments and activities within the coastal and marine environment is one of the aims and areas where the CRMP can implement change at the regional level and at the scale of individual proposals. There are various measures, processes, programmes and legislation in place to ensure the ongoing improvement and protection of the marine environment. This includes work on improving the natural environment, such as the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010); processes such as Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Habitats Regulations Appraisals and regulatory measures enforced by organisations such as SEPA. These measures, processes and programmes would continue regardless of the adoption of the CRMP. However, the process of developing the CMRA enabled the identification of regional and local issues. Specifically, it has highlighted areas of the marine and coastal environment where there are many concerns, and the development of the draft CRMP enables targeted policy to address these concerns and also policy which supports the regional delivery/implementation of policies within the NMP and other legislation. In this way, the draft CRMP seeks to address concerns, act as a catalyst around generating improvements in these areas and prevent the deterioration of areas identified in the CMRA as having some/local concerns. Many environmental trends are driven by complex interactions and relationships, and are sometimes influenced by factors and elements outwith the Region. Some of these relate to the human impact on the environment, such as inappropriate developments, unsustainable use of resources and existing activities taking place in the marine and coastal environment. In the future, without the CRMP, increased developments, competition for space and use of resources is likely to increase the level of pressures on the natural environment. The draft CRMP seeks to work with existing legislation, supporting its implementation where necessary to guide appropriate developments and use of the marine and coastal environment, with the aim of: reducing the negative impacts of developments and the overuse of natural resources; and improving the appropriate placement of developments and activities. This can result in positive impacts on the 46 Seascape / landscape assessment of the Firth of Clyde (https://bit.ly/3C0LPD9)
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Page 34 of 219 health and wellbeing of coastal communities that might otherwise be unrealised or eroded. The draft CRMP also requires developers and those carrying out activities, to involve local communities in meaningful engagement of proposals. Improving engagement in consultation processes contributes to well-considered developments and activities that take into account the opinions and local knowledge and expertise of coastal communities as well as how to avoid potentially detrimental environmental impacts. Wider work, in terms of research on the natural environment and improving socio-economic factors, is also likely to continue regardless of adoption of the draft CRMP. However, the work and discussions that have informed draft policy and recommendations, and the research gaps identified in the CMRA can help prioritise research activity, including through the development of a draft Action Plan. This is likely to progress as Plan development continues and after it is adopted. The CRMP will provide a statutory basis to strengthen partnership working, communication and collaboration amongst regional stakeholders, encouraging them to be involved in the stages of Plan development, monitoring and implementation.
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Page 35 of 219 3.3. Environmental problems and issues The table below provides a summary of the main environmental issues faced by each of the SEA Topics. Data was drawn from the Clyde Marine Region Assessment, NatureScot Sitelink and references cited. SEA topic Problems and issues Biodiversity, flora and fauna Biodiversity, flora and fauna is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change such as increased sea temperatures and rainfall patterns. In particular, sea fans (Swiftia pallida) are at the southern limit of their distribution in the CMR. Climate change will impact which species of fish, shellfish and algae will be available to both wild fisheries and aquaculture operations. Climate change pressures on intertidal species are likely to be exacerbated by non-native species, a number of which are present in the CMR. Non-native species can be introduced through the movement of vessels (of all kinds) and through industries such as aquaculture. For example, the Pacific oyster, which is cultured in Loch Fyne, is now thought to be able to spawn in Scottish waters. Farmed salmon themselves can escape from cages and dilute the genetic makeup of wild stock. They can also act as a vector for the sea lice parasite, transferring them to wild fish. Whilst non-native species are on the rise, there is no evidence of detrimental impacts on ecosystem services as yet; however, this may be due to a lack of research into this area. Biogenic reefs and shallow shelf subtidal sediments are vulnerable to the impacts of fishing which can result in physical habitat changes. This can reduce overall habitat and community diversity and potentially reduce substrates’ suitability for settlement for larval animals. Biological pressures can also occur through the removal of target and non-target species. The ecosystem of the Region has changed over the last 50 years as a result of fishing activity from supporting a diverse finfish fishery to now being a single species fishery, as populations no longer support a demersal or pelagic fishery. Lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) and herring gulls (L. argentatus) at Ailsa Craig SPA were last assessed as 'Unfavourable, no change' in 2019 and kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) as ‘Unfavourable Recovering’ in 2024. This is thought to be as a result of national declines and reductions in food availability. In the Inner Clyde SSSI, the cormorant feature was last assessed as ‘Unfavourable, no change’ in 2026, although there are currently no recorded pressures that are causing this condition. On Sanda Islands SSSI, cormorant (breeding) and fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) features were last assessed as ‘Unfavourable Declining’ in 2017, likely due to climate change and not as a result of local issues. In some areas in the Region bird populations are affected by the introduction of invasive species on land, such as mink (Neovison vison). There is concern over richness and evenness of demersal and pelagic fish species that have previously been targeted by commercial fisheries. The impact of this on the wider ecosystem and food webs is not fully understood. Over recent years there have been annual surveys of herring in the Firth of Clyde, which shows that the stock remains at a level which is too low to support any significant
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Page 36 of 219 SEA topic Problems and issues commercial fishery. Groundfish species (cod, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), hake, plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), saithe, whiting and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)) contribute very little to overall quantities of fish landed in the Region. There is a sustainably managed Norway lobster fishery, largely for export markets. There are concerns over the sustainability of the scallop fishery due to lack of official stock assessment and management. Population trends for elasmobranchs show that several species, having faced historic pressures such as overfishing, are declining. Impacts on these species are taking place on a wider scale to that of the Region. There is some evidence to suggest that basking sharks are experiencing an overall long-term increasing trend, with a small but significant increase in the sightings of larger individuals. The precise population status of cetaceans occurring in the Region is unknown as data are mainly restricted to sightings rather than effort-related surveys which can give information on absolute abundance. There are declining trends in the numbers of key apex predators (e.g. cetaceans, sharks, skates, rays and seabirds) which may both impact the healthy functioning of the ecosystem and act as an indicator that other ecosystem services are compromised. There is a high density of harbour porpoises in the CMR, indicating that this is an important area for these species. Both the Atlantic grey seal and the harbour seal are found throughout Scotland and are both present in the Region, though in lower numbers. The latest count in the Region for hauled out grey seals as 407 and for harbour seals as 171247. There are a range of pressures that may generally affect seals, but the extent and magnitude of most have not been quantified and there have also been no studies in the CMR. Potential pressures include exposure to hazardous substances, entanglement in marine litter, bycatch, and a reduction in prey distribution and biomass due to habitat damage and climate change. The invertebrate assemblage feature at Western Gailes SSSI was last assessed as ‘Unfavourable no change’ in 2013. The sand dunes on which the invertebrates (this includes the bee fly (Phthiria pulicaria), hoverfly (Eumerus sabulonum), clown beetle (Hypocaccus rugiceps), seed weevil beetle (Diplapion stolidum), ground beetle (Amara praetermissa) and hairy-horned beetle (Orthocerus clavicornis)) live are in unfavourable conditions. The saltmarsh feature at Clauchlands Point- Corrygills SSSI was last assessed as ‘Partially destroyed, favourable maintained’ in 2017. Flora and fauna are adversely impacted by marine litter, through entanglement and ingestion. Litter can enter the marine environment through the waste water system or due to overflow. There are concerns over microplastic ingestion by species (incl. Norway lobster), such as limiting species’ growth and their resistance to disease. This is not an issue exclusive to the Clyde. 47 C. Morris, Personal communications, email, April 2020
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Page 37 of 219 SEA topic Problems and issues Many of the hazardous substances which have left a polluting legacy in the Clyde estuary are now banned or regulated to reduce and control their environmental impact. However, their historic legacy has impacted the CMR’s ability to provide provisioning services in some areas. Contamination by hazardous substances in the Clyde estuary and inner Firth can limit consumption of filter feeders, e.g. mussels. Classified Shellfish Harvesting Areas (CSHAs) occur in the inner and outer Firth and the lochs – the 2025 results show that some are classified as B which means treatment is required because E. coli is too high for direct human consumption. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biota (such as plaice) are at unacceptably high levels in several parts of the CMR. Some industries can discharge effluent directly into the marine environment, and although licenses are granted for this activity, the cumulative impact of this is not known. In some cases, the effects of discharge can be localised. For example, nutrient enrichment and deoxygenation can occur under fish farm cages or as a result of eutrophication from agricultural run-off in a particular area, which can adversely impact marine organisms. Marine vessels can contribute to pollutants in the marine and coastal environment through the use of antifoulants. In addition, sewage discharge from marine toilets can impact on water quality and contribute to marine litter. Activities and developments taking place in the marine and coastal environment can contribute to noise pollution. The aquaculture industry uses Acoustic Deterrent Devices to deter seals from fish cages. There is concern on the effect that regular exposure to these devices has on the hearing and behaviour of animals, in particular marine mammals. The introduction and increase in non-native species within the region is of concern, for example wireweed (Sargassum muticum) can dominate rock pools and common cord grass (Spartina anglica) which colonises lower zones of saltmarshes and intertidal mudflats, excluding native flora and fauna. Population and human health Communities and populations can be impacted negatively by a poor or low quality environment. Water quality especially can be linked to human health and impact most significantly during recreational activities – bathing, diving and sailing. Bathing water classifications from 2018/19 showed three out of 14 bathing waters to be in poor condition: Ayr (south beach), Heads of Ayr and Irvine. However data from 2025 show these to have now been improved to sufficient/good. Areas of the Region where hazardous substances have left a historic legacy and areas of shellfish farming impact the surrounding environment’s ability to provide provisioning services. Litter in coastal and marine areas also has a negative impact on people’s enjoyment of the environment. The CMR is home to many industries providing jobs and economic activity. Core marine sectors include shipping and transport, sea fisheries and aquaculture with ancillary marine sectors including fisheries and aquaculture fish processing and sport, recreation and tourism. Across the core marine sectors there has been a decline in employment across the Region from 2012-2017. Economic activity in the ancillary sectors is driven by sport, recreation and tourism. While employment grew from 2010 to 2013, it has since suffered a decline post 2013.
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Page 38 of 219 SEA topic Problems and issues According to the SIMD, in the CMR, within Glasgow and Renfrewshire and West and East Dunbartonshire there is a high concentration of the most deprived areas. Campbeltown, Ayr, Girvan, Troon, Saltcoats, Ardrossan, Stevenson, Kilwinning, Rothesay, Dunoon, Gourock, Port Glasgow, Greenock, Dumbarton, Clydebank, Helensburgh and Lochgilphead all have communities which fall into the most deprived 20% in Scotland. Ferry and road links offer important connections to island and rural coastal communities with the rest of the Region. Industries operating in rural and sometimes isolated communities provide important socio-economic activity for these areas. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Development and expansion of breakwaters, jetties and marinas can include land reclamations and can lead to disturbance of the seabed and coastline. Subsequently, this may lead to a change in erosion and accretion patterns. The Clyde estuary coast has been morphologically altered due to the construction of quay walls, industrial, residential and transport infrastructure developments. This limits the ability of the natural coastline (saltmarsh, mudflats, and sand dunes) to protect coastal areas from storm damage and to adapt to sea-level rise. Some areas exist that may be suitable for managed realignment. The decreasing extent of saltmarsh impacts the provision of waste breakdown, wave energy reduction, protection against erosion and carbon sequestration. The shingle feature at South Coast of Arran SSSI were last assessed as ‘Unfavourable declining’ in 2017 due to extraction. The maritime cliff feature was last assessed to be in ‘favourable declining’ condition in 2011. Shingle at Ballantrae shingle beach SSSI was last assessed as ‘Unfavourable no change’ in 2026 for various reasons including extraction, invasive species, water management and recreation/disturbance. Management measures are in place that should in time improve the feature to favourable condition (Unfavourable Recovering Due to Management). Sand dunes at Troon Golf Links and Foreshore SSSI and Western Gailes SSSI were last assessed as in ‘Unfavourable no change’ condition in 2014 and 2013 respectively due to flood/defence/coastal defence works, invasive species, under grazing and water management. The long-term lack of grazing has resulted in long-term habitat diversity loss and encroachment by native and non-native scrub. Scrub management by the golf course has restored some dune grassland and further measures are under discussion. The condition at Western Gailes is as a result of the removal of strandline habitat due to unauthorised beach cleaning, which has now ceased. At Girvan to Ballantrae Coast SSSI the Ordovician Igneous feature was assessed as ‘Unfavourable’ (no change) in 2002 due to dumping/storage of materials. However it was last assessed as ‘Favourable maintained’ in 2023 due to management measures in place. Water The Clyde estuary has historically been narrowed by land reclamation and deepened to allow access to ports. The decreased water flow which has occurred as a result of this has led to layering of the water column and has contributed to the deoxygenation of the Clyde estuary in the past. Since the 1970s, oxygen levels in the Clyde have been steadily improving to the point where the inner Clyde is now able to support most ecosystem functions.
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Page 39 of 219 SEA topic Problems and issues The majority of the coastal and estuarine water bodies in the Region are classified as in ‘Good’ condition under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. A few are currently classified as ‘Moderate’ largely as a result of point source discharges and modifications to the bed, banks or shores of the water bodies as a result of land uses and navigation. SEPA continues to work with partners to deliver GEcS or GEcP. Water bodies in the south Bute to east of Arran corridor have highlighted concerns until very recently over the condition of benthic invertebrates which provide nutrient cycling services. There are additional designations for shellfish growing waters to ensure shellfish products are safe to consume. There are 16 CSHAs and six SWPAs within the Region and one which straddles the boundary between the Clyde and Solway Marine Regions (See Map AQUA 2). Diffuse pollution from rural land is the main issue affecting water quality; SEPA works with land managers and public bodies to improve this situation48. Levels of oxygen within the inner and outer Clyde estuary are improving. The inner Clyde is now reaching levels which will support most ecological processes. Generally there has been improvement in the water quality of bathing waters, although diffuse pollution and combined sewer overflows at certain points in Ayrshire exceed the capacity of plants and micro-organisms to assimilate, buffer or process faecal contaminants. This prevents effective waste processing and water purification services. Marine litter is an increasing problem on the shoreline and can have an impact on ecosystem services. It can lead to a loss of amenities for local residents and detrimentally impact tourism and recreational activities. Careful planning of development should provide increased opportunities for tourism, recreation, education and research in the coastal zone. Air Some types of marine- and coastal-based industry, such as transport or shipping can have localised effects on air quality. The NAEI maps emissions data for 202349. It highlights that nitrogen dioxide, compared to the rest of the Region, is high along the shipping lane leading from the inner Firth out towards the Clyde Sea Sill and Northern Ireland. It is recorded as between 0.3-1 and 1-25 t/1x1km here. Similarly, sulphur dioxide is noted in high concentration compared to other parts of the Region (0.1-0.5 t/1x1km). There are some coastal point sources of sulphur dioxide around Gare Loch, Inverclyde and the North Ayrshire coastline. Particulate matter greater than 2.5 µm and less than 0.1 µm is highest (0.2-1 t/1x1km) in the Region in Glasgow, Renfrewshire and Inverclyde and parts of North Ayrshire when looking at total emissions across all sectors. A few point sources along the coast are noted for particulate matter, including industrial sites and crematoriums. The greater Glasgow area, Inverclyde, Gare Loch and the North Ayrshire coastline show high concentrations, compared to other parts of the Region coastline for various pollutants including arsenic, benzene, cadmium, carbon monoxide and the pollutants noted above. 48 See SEPA information on Shellfish Water Protected Areas (https://bit.ly/36z0Zxq). 49 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Interactive map (https://bit.ly/3SWLQUl)
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Page 40 of 219 SEA topic Problems and issues Climatic factors Under a low emissions scenario, sea-level rise around the Clyde is extremely likely to be in the range of 0.07 m to 0.48 m. Under a high- emissions scenario, this range is likely to be 0.29 m to 0.88 m. There may be opportunities around the Clyde for alternative ‘greening the grey infrastructure’ or bioengineering solutions that could be utilised as part of existing or future hard engineering. Some infrastructure, e.g. Bowling railway station, would currently appear to be at risk from sea-level rise and increased flooding. The National Flood Risk Assessment undertaken by SEPA concluded that coastal flooding, from a combination of high tides and stormy conditions, currently accounts for approximately 17% of all predicted impacts in Scotland. It also identified Potentially Valuable Areas which around the Clyde include parts of the Argyll & Bute, Inverclyde and North and South Ayrshire Coastline, particularly around the inner Firth. There are no Air Quality Management Areas at the coast within the Region. Air quality pollution level summaries from monitoring sites across the CMR50 show mapped data for diffusive samplers51, which are widely used for indicative monitoring of ambient nitrogen dioxide. None of the coastal sampling sites within the Region exceed monitoring level objectives. Material assets In terms of material assets, stakeholders around the Region report that many harbours are in disrepair due to lack of investment or upgrading in recent years. Some coastal paths around the Region also suffer from a lack of maintenance or are in disrepair as a result of coastal erosion. Cultural heritage The water quality issues noted above can affect people’s ability to enjoy the coastal and marine environment within the Region. Concerns over declining trends in numbers of key apex predators (e.g. cetaceans, sharks, skates, rays and seabirds) may impact the wildlife tourism sector, as has happened to the sea angling sector. The Region is home to a variety of cultural and historical assets, both on the coast and underwater. The main issue and threat to the protection of this heritage is the potential impact of developments and activities to unknown artefacts. Developers and those carrying out activities need to be aware of the potential to disturb and damage submerged and obscured artefacts; especially around areas where there is known heritage. Landscape- seascape The Region is unique in the Scottish coast in terms of the amount and expanse of sea broadly contained by the mainland. There is a complexity and variety of seascapes which, coupled with industry and coastal development, have contributed to the natural and cultural landscape much appreciated by locals and visitors to the Region. The seascape and landscape character of the Region has aesthetic properties that have inspired a wealth of literature and art, and form part of the Region’s cultural heritage. 50 http://www.scottishairquality.scot/. This website was developed by Ricardo Energy & Environment on behalf of the Scottish Government. 51 http://www.scottishairquality.scot/latest/diffusion-sites
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Page 41 of 219 4. Sustainability Appraisal-Strategic Environmental Assessment results The results shown in table 3 below are a summary of the main findings of the assessment of the CRMP’s objectives, policies and recommendations. Sections 4.1 to 4.12 go into further detail of the main findings for each of the SEA topics. The detailed assessment matrices which show the full analysis can be found in full in Appendix 3. The assessment recognises that all developments and activities have the potential to cause negative impacts on the natural environment; however overall, no major negative impacts were identified. This is due to the structure of both the NMP and the draft CRMP, which presents cross-cutting policies to be adhered to alongside (NMP) or in advance of (draft CRMP) sectoral policies, reducing the likelihood of any damaging or detrimental impacts on the natural environment. The objectives and policies of the draft CRMP have been developed in line with the NMP, which is based on a framework of sustainable development. In addition to this, the cross-cutting General Policies of the NMP work to prevent or reduce adverse impacts of developments and activities on the coastal and marine environment. A number of the NMP General Policies support good governance, co-existence of various activities and promoting socio-economic benefits. These set an overarching framework, through which sectoral policies are implemented. The impacts identified on the Marine Economy from the objectives, policies and recommendations which deliver protection and enhancement of the environment were in some cases to have short-term negative impacts on the marine economy, but overall are positive of the long-term sustainability of the marine economy, and also contribute benefits to society. In addition to this SA-SEA a Business Impact Regulatory Assessment (BRIA) will be carried out on the draft CRMP. This will look in more detail at the impacts, in terms of potential costs and benefits to businesses in the Region, as a result of the draft CRMP. The structure of the draft CRMP reflects the structure of the NMP in terms of the ordering of the chapters. Furthermore, the All Sectors chapter promotes appropriate consultation with all stakeholders and the public, multiple use of infrastructure and various other measures which can act to reduce conflict between activities and promote shared use of resources and space. Where the assessment identified negative impacts, mitigation measures have also been identified, or the policies have been adjusted as part of the iterative development of the draft CRMP alongside the assessment, as is highlighted in Section 2. The cross-cutting chapters of the draft CRMP are: 1. Climate Change 2. Historic Environment 3. Landscape/Seascape 4. Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage 5. Natural Heritage 6. Non-Native Species 7. Marine Litter 8. Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region The process of carrying out this assessment has highlighted the importance of the inter-relatedness of both the NMP and the draft CRMP and in particular, General Policies 1-4 of the NMP, and the relevance they have, to mitigate potential negative impacts identified on the Marine Economy and Society topics within the assessment. The policies relate to a presumption in favour of sustainable development, sustainable development and use which provides economic and social benefit to Scottish communities, and the co-existence of sectors and activities. The assessment found that where there is a positive impact on the SEA (environmental) topics, this largely has a positive impact for society. Similarly, where policies show a positive impact this ensures the protection and longevity of the natural resources which many marine sectors rely on to operate. Some of the objectives and policies can result in short term negative impacts, many show mixed
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Page 42 of 219 impacts. Uncertain impacts mainly arise where the specific nature of developments and activities is not known. Throughout the process of carrying out the interim SA-SEA, changes were proposed to the objectives and policies to reduce negative impacts. Those that were identified for the pre-consultation draft CRMP stage are noted in the table in Appendix 5. Following the pre-consultation, the draft CRMP was amended according to the feedback received and through further feedback from CMPP Members’ and workshop sessions. As a result of this extensive feedback and iterative modification of the CRMP, in assessing these updated policies and developing the SA-SEA, no further improvements to the draft CRMP were identified. It is noteworthy that there are not many major detrimental impacts noted. This is for the reasons noted above but is also in part likely due to the fact that consideration of the impacts of the objectives and policies was built into the format and process of workshops and discussions with stakeholder groups, which were used as a starting point for developing the pre-consultation draft. Section 3.3 identifies the existing issues and problems for each of the SEA topics. The potential impacts of sectoral activities and developments are noted within the assessment matrices in Appendix 3 and within the CMRA. Table 3 below provides a summary of the types of impacts (ranging from ‘major positive impact’ through ‘uncertain impact’ to ‘major negative impact’) identified for each SA-SEA topic according to policy areas of the draft CRMP. Each cell is a summary of the impacts of the policies within each policy area and further discussion is provided in the following Sections 4.1 to 4.12. For a full breakdown of the impact of each individual policy, please see Appendix 3.
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Page 43 of 219 Table 3: Overview of types of impact identified for each SA-SEA topic according to each of the draft CRMP’s policy areas Assessment Key: Symbol/Colour Meaning ++ Major positive impact + Minor positive impact 0 Neutral impact - Minor negative impact -- Major negative impact ? Uncertain impact SA-SEA Topic Policy areas Biodiversity, flora and fauna Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape /seascape Marine Economy Society Vision ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ Aims ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ Guiding principles + + + + + + + + + + + Climate Change +, - + ?, +, -/? 0, + 0, + ++, + + ?, 0, + +, 0,? -, +, ? +, 0 Historic Environment +, ?, 0 + 0 0 0 0, + 0 ++, + ?, 0 +, 0, ? +, 0 Landscape/Seascape 0 0 0, + 0 0 0 0 0 + +, ?, 0 +, 0 Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage 0, +, -, ? 0 ,+ +, ++, ? ?, 0, + 0 0, +, ++, ? +, ?, 0 0, ?, + ?, 0 +, ?, -, 0 ?, 0, + Natural Heritage ++, + +, ++ +, ++ + 0 +, 0 +, 0 ?, +, 0 0, + -, +, 0, ? +, 0 Non-Native Species + + + + 0 0 + + 0 +, -, 0 +, 0 Marine Litter +, ? + +, 0 + 0 +, 0 0 +, 0 0 -, +, 0, ? +, 0 Connecting people to the Clyde Marine Region 0, + +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 0, +, ? 0, + All sectors 0, + +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 0, + +, 0 +, 0, ? +, 0 +, 0 +, -, ? +, 0, ? Sea Fisheries ++, 0, + +, 0 +, 0 0 0 +, 0 0 +, 0 0 -, +, 0 +, -, ?/+, 0 Aquaculture +, 0 0, + 0, + 0, + 0 0, +, ? 0, + 0, + 0, +, ? +, -. 0, ? +, 0 Sport, Recreation and Tourism 0, +,? 0 0 0 0, ? 0, ? 0, + 0 0 +, 0, - +, 0 Shipping, Ports Harbours and Ferries 0,?, + 0, +,? 0, +,? 0, +, ? 0,+, ? 0, +, ? 0, +, ? 0, +, ? 0, +, ? +, ? +, -, 0, ? Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +,0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 +, 0 Defence ?, 0 ?, 0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 ?,0 0 Marine Aggregates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Page 44 of 219 4.1. Biodiversity, flora and fauna The objectives for this topic are: 1. Conserve and enhance the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide 2. Prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. 3. Contribute to GEnvS and GEcS of the CMR being achieved - meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. The policies of the Section 1: General Policies are all found to have a positive or neutral impact on the objectives identified for biodiversity, flora and fauna, except for objective CC 1, policy CC 1 and policy CP 3 where, if it is the case that managed realignment or flood defences are considered the most appropriate adaptation activity, this could lead to habitat change/loss, which may have a negative effect on biodiversity, flora and fauna. However, a cost-benefit analysis of any proposal may find that the positive impact of implementing managed realignment may outweigh the costs of habitat change. The impacts of these interventions is dependent on the locality, type and size of any proposals and the assessment assumes that adverse impacts on biodiversity, flora and fauna will have been mitigated through existing consent processes and supported by any required underlying assessments. The impact identified is also driven by the vision, aims and guiding principles of the draft CRMP, and following the framework of the NMP. The chapters where the assessment identified positive impacts in particular include: • Climate Change and Coastal Processes – these objectives and policies drive mitigation and adaptation activity, through seeking to support/prevent damage to carbon stores, through strengthening/replacing flood defences or protecting the dynamic nature of the coastal zone and its capacity to deal with flooding and sea-level rise, as some examples. This has wider benefits for biodiversity, flora and fauna, whether through contributing to mitigation activity, contributing to its ability to adapt to the impacts of climate change or as a result of strengthening resilience to its impacts. Overall these policies can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and their interaction and the benefits they provide, prevent damage to important biological sites, in particular objectives CC 1 and 2 and the policies of the Climate Change chapter. • The objectives and policies of the Historic Environment chapter were either neutral or positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna. Neutral as the protection and/or enhancement of historic assets will have no impact. Alternatively, depending on the location and type or asset, the protection of these can also protect species and habitat from disturbance or removal, thereby contributing to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems, their interaction and the benefits they provide. The impact is uncertain for policy HE 2, these could lead to positive impacts, dependant on the nature of the enhancement activity set out in the policy. • Natural Heritage – this chapter in particular seeks to support the delivery of the policies within the NMP and other existing legislation for the protection of biodiversity, flora and fauna. Objectives 1-3 and policies NH 2&3 seek to increase opportunities for enhancement, re-creation or restoration of habitats through new or not widely adopted measures such as considering how positive benefits can be delivered from developments or sharing data. The chapter also promotes consideration of wider measures, such as cumulative impacts. Each of these measures can contribute to conservation and enhancement of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide, prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species,
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Page 45 of 219 including the benefits they provide and contribute to ensuring GEnvS and GEcS is achieved. The inclusion of Policy NH 1 is positive, this policy supports policy GEN 21 of the NMP and its implementation in the Region and will promote consideration of the impact of cumulative effects on the marine and coastal environment. • Non-Native Species – these policies recognise the threat of non-native species and aim to reduce the risk they present to biodiversity, flora and fauna through promoting best practice and improving knowledge on the impacts. Where the recommendations are implemented, this will also have a positive effect. • Marine Litter – this poses a number of threats to biodiversity, flora and fauna such as ingestion, strangulation, accumulation in coastal and marine sediments and the policies and recommendations within this chapter aim to support efforts to reduce and remove marine litter from the marine and coastal environment, ultimately leading to benefits for biodiversity and flora. • Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region – The intention of this chapter is to facilitate the connection of people to the Region, in a sustainable way for recreation, employment, education and cultural experiences. Overall the objectives and policies which implement the objectives were found to be positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna. Objective and policy CONNECT 1 support good engagement practices and facilitate the inclusion of local knowledge that can protect and enhance biodiversity, flora and fauna. Objective and policy CONNECT 2 support increased ocean literacy and access to the marine and coastal environment which can drive behaviour change and further protection and enhancement of natural heritage resources. The recommendations of this chapter, where they are implemented, will also have a positive effect furthering the aims of increased sustainability, knowledge of the Region, engagement and good practices noted above. The assessment identified the impacts of the All Sectors chapter as neutral or positive as they promote sustainable development, multiple use of the marine and coastal environment and supports consideration of wider environmental impacts across sectors. Objective SEC 4 is identified as having a positive impact, as it requires cumulative impacts of developments and activities to be mitigated. The objectives and policies within the Sea Fisheries chapter are found to have a major positive, positive or neutral impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna. They support the aspiration to achieve a sustainable, diverse and resilient ecosystem which supports a diverse fisheries sector with reduced bycatch levels within the region. They also support a collaborative approach to fisheries management, in conjunction with the West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group, Marine Directorate, fisheries representatives and other parties and an improved understanding of fish and shellfish stocks, as well as improved understanding of habitats which are important to fish and shellfish and therefore fishing activities. In particular, Objectives FISH 1-3 and 5-7, Policies 1-2 and the recommendations rFISH 1-3 were found to have a positive impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna. The impacts identified from the Aquaculture chapter on biodiversity, flora and fauna are largely neutral, as the objectives and policies drive operators to have cognisance of and follow Scottish Government and Local Authority guidance, which is already in place, or anticipated to come into force in the future, and does not provide additional benefits. The impacts are not noted as negative either as the objectives drive the sustainable development of the industry in line with the environmental carrying capacity of the Region. Where impacts are positive, this is related to policies which promote sustainable practices around live capture of wrasse, sea lice and disease management and reducing fish escapes, research and development initiatives which support the sustainable development and reduce the environmental impact of the sector and which can
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Page 46 of 219 promote environmental enhancements and consideration of all impacts by Local Authorities, such as are outlined in policies AQUA 1 and 2. Within the Sports, recreation and tourism chapter, there is a particular positive impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna from a few of the policies and the recommendation which promote consideration of the impact of sport, recreation and tourism activities on the marine and coastal environment. Specifically, Policy SRT 1 encourages use of particular mooring systems which reduce negative impacts on the seabed and promotes pump out, wash down and waste management facilities which can contribute to a reduction in water pollution and releasing waste at sea. It also promotes wildlife tourism and ecotourism, which promotes knowledge and enjoyment of the regional marine and coastal environment. Policy SRT 3 considers events for recreational vessels and requires organisers to undertake appropriate steps to reduce the negative impacts associated with such activities. The chapter also encourages wildlife tour operators to become WiSe certified, through Recommendation rSRT 1, which promotes best practice guidelines being followed and can reduce negative and stressful interactions with marine mammals. The impacts of the objectives and policies of the Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries chapter are mixed. The impact of objective SHIP 1, policy SHIP 1, 3 and 4 (this policy has mixed impacts) are neutral. The assessment acknowledges the potential for these policies to result in negative effects; however these are mitigated by policies within Section 1: General Policies and the All Sectors chapter of the draft CRMP. Some impacts are uncertain (for objective SHIP 2 and policy SHIP 2 and 5 (this policy has mixed impacts) as this is dependent on the nature of work (e.g. project size, type of structures) and the location and type of construction undertaken. Objectives SHIP 2, 3, 4 and policy SHIP 5 are noted as having positive impacts as they contribute to climate change mitigation and environmental enhancement. Where Recommendation SHIP 1 is applied, it will have a positive impact as it reduces emissions of sulphur into the water and potentially from settling into sediments, where its accumulation could have a potentially negative impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna. The Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines chapter is partly focused on reducing reliance on fossil fuels and promoting renewable sources of energy. This is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna as contributions to climate change mitigation efforts can reduce the overall impacts of climate change on biodiversity, flora and fauna. However the construction of renewable energy sources has the potential to have a negative impact, and some policies were noted as having an uncertain impact – this would be dependent on location, type and size of any renewable construction. However, many of the objectives and policies of this chapter are in line with existing regulations and support their implementation at the regional level. The policies support spatial measures as set out in Sectoral Marine Plans for example, which will consider specific impacts. As a result, these policies are found to have a neutral or positive effect where they support the implementation of NMP at the regional level. Within the Defence chapter, the assessment identifies the objective and recommendation as having a neutral impact, the aim of the chapter is positive and promotes integration of the Ministry of Defence with the draft CRMP, the impact is not considered positive as the nature of the Ministry of Defence’s operations within the Clyde is outwith the scope of natural enhancement. The impact of the Marine Aggregates chapter was identified as neutral, due to the context of these policies in the light of other sections of the draft CRMP and the NMP. 4.2. Population and human health The objective for this topic is:
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Page 47 of 219 4. Contribute to healthy ecosystems – biodiversity and geodiversity – that are seen as an essential part of supporting human health and wellbeing. The assessment reflects that where there are positive impacts on the objectives for biodiversity, flora and fauna, this can result in positive impacts for the objectives for population and human health, similarly where the effect on biodiversity, flora and fauna is neutral or negative; this is also the case for population and human health. The Natural Heritage chapter in particular identifies a number of major positive impacts. Positive impact on population and human health is usually also associated with a positive impact on water and sediments, geology and coastal processes. This illustrates the importance of the health of the natural environment and the benefits and services it provides to supporting human health, and indeed that humans are part of this system and rely on its healthy functioning to support our own lives. Similarly the policies of the Climate Change chapter are driven by objectives which seek to contribute to the national objectives of achieving net zero carbon by 2045 and increase the resilience of the Region’s ecosystems and communities to climate change impacts and adapt to these challenges where possible. Biodiversity, flora and fauna; sediments, water and air are the component parts of an ecosystem, which can be defined as a community of interacting living organisms and their physical environment. Ecosystems provide services which give benefits to people; these benefits make human life possible and they also add to our quality of life and can include: food, water, fertiliser, medicines, recreation, spiritual and cultural wellbeing, nutrient cycling, formation of habitats, carbon storage, climate regulation and waste breakdown. The assessment findings for impacts on socio-economics within the region are discussed below in section 5.10. 4.3. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes The objectives for this topic are: 5. Contribute to ensuring that ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of geodiversity and associated sediments, seabed and the natural processes supported by these features. 6. Prevent damage to important geological sites including the benefits they provide. 7. Avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and to maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. 8. Contribute to ensuring that the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected. The objectives and policies of the Climate Change chapter present mixed impacts for the objectives for sediments, marine geology and coastal processes. This is largely related to the types of adaptation activity undertaken (e.g. managed realignment which may impact sediment dynamics), to the potential of any marine developments to contribute to climate change adaptation, and any potential benefits that may result from these on sediments. Objective CC 2 and policy CC 2 which seek to protect and where possible enhance carbon sinks can result in benefits to sediments and coastal processes. Within the Coastal Processes chapter, objective CP 1, Policy CP 1, 2 and 4 acknowledge the dynamic nature of coastal processes and that developments and activities should be developed to accommodate this. In addition, current developments and activities should be resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast including the impacts of climate change. This approach can avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. Objective CP 1 and Policies CP 1 and 2 also ensures that the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected. The policies have a positive impact
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Page 48 of 219 as they require developments and activities to consider the sustainable management of geodiversity and the ecosystems services they provide (such as seabed habitats and physical features and the natural processes supported by these features) and to consider the dynamic nature of marine and coastal sediments. They also highlight the need to consider future projections for sea-level rise, flooding, wave overtopping impacts, Flood Risk Management plans, shoreline management plans, any wider implications that the development/activity would have on flooding or coastal erosion and protection of natural features which hold capacity to cope with flooding. Although some of these aspects are a consideration in existing processes/legislations/protections, bringing them together within this section of the draft CRMP allows for a strategic consideration of all the potential impacts on sediments, geology and coastal processes and conversely how these processes can impact on a development/activity. This can aid better planning and decision-making. The Historic Environment and Landscape/Seascape chapters identified the impacts on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes as neutral. Positive impacts were identified through the Natural Heritage, Non-Native Species and Marine Litter chapters. Non-native species can impact on the integrity of the water environment and on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes; the Non-Native Species chapter is positive as it reduces the risk of non-native species introduction and supports measures to reduce their spread. The objectives and policies of the Connecting people to the Clyde Marine Region chapter are found to be positive or neutral. Assessment of the sectoral policies identified many positive impacts. Examples of this include Objectives FISH 1, 6 and 7, Policies FISH 1&2 which support sustainable, diverse and resilient ecosystems to support a sustainable fishing industry which can provide benefits for seabed habitats and the overall integrity of the seabed or objective AQUA 2 and policy AQUA 2 which can drive the contribution to research and development initiatives which support sustainable development of the sector. Policy AQUA 1 and AQUA 2 can also contribute to a reduction on the impact of chemical and medicine inputs on the seabed sediments. Recommendation SHIP 1 was also identified as having a positive impact, where this is applied. Where an objective or policy supports activities that could lead to construction or works in the marine and coastal environment (e.g. ensure infrastructure can adequately support sectors, laying cables) impacts are uncertain, this is the case of objective SEC 2 and policies SEC 2 and 3, however the assessment assumes that as this policy exists within the context of the NMP, the policies within the General Policies section of the draft CRMP and existing licensing and consenting processes, any negative impacts will be mitigated by these factors and the overall impact is neutral. 4.4. Water The objective for this topic is: 9. Contribute to ensuring GEnvS and GEcS of the CMR is achieved - meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. The assessment found that the policies and objectives of General Policies section of the draft CRMP would have mainly positive, and some neutral impacts on achieving the objective for water. The policies and objectives seek to support efforts around the region to maintain or achieve the ambitions of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. The policies of the General Policies section drive protection and where possible many policies and recommendations encourage enhancement of the natural environment. This has positive or neutral impacts on water quality. Within this section, any negative impacts identified are short term and temporary, for example in policy CP 3, the installation of new or replacement flood defences and coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works may have a detrimental impact on water
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Page 49 of 219 quality and may cause hydrological alterations. This impact is also dependent on type and location of any flood defences or coastal erosion and flood alleviation works. Overall, the measures within Section 2 of the draft CRMP result in a positive or neutral impact on water, due to the wider policy contest of the NMP and Section 1 of the draft CRMP. Objectives SEC 1 & 2 and Policy SEC 2 could result in increased construction or maintenance of infrastructure or increased vessel movements and this could result in siltation that temporarily affects water quality. Similarly objective SHIP 2 and Policy SHIP 2 could result in increased movement of vessels carrying marine structures increasing disturbance of sediments and turbidity in the water column, negatively impacting water quality. The assessment found that these impacts were likely to be identified more clearly at the project level, and existing processes would result in mitigation measures to reduce adverse impacts. Policy AQUA 1 and AQUA 2 can also contribute to a reduction on the impact of chemical and medicine inputs and therefore have a positive impact on water quality. Recommendation SHIP 1 can have a positive effect where it is applied. 4.5. Air The objective for this topic is: 10. Avoid exacerbating poor air quality in coastal areas, sustaining the benefits of natural resources and processes. The majority of the objectives and policies within the General Policies section are noted as having a neutral impact on achieving the objective noted above. These policies are intended to protect and enhance the marine and coastal environment and so there may be indirect benefits, as where the policies support healthy and well-functioning ecosystems, this can support delivery of regulating services which ensure air purification. Objective SEC 1, 2 and Policy SEC 2 within the All Sectors chapter have the potential to have an uncertain impact, however the assessment identified the impact as neutral. These relate to actions which could lead to increased activity in specific locations (where there is multiple use of infrastructure), increased marine transport or construction, maintenance and/or expansion of infrastructure within the region. These activities and/or developments could lead to temporary, localised negative impacts on air quality, but this would be dependent on the scale, type and location of any activities and/or developments and existing regulations and legislation must be taken into account around protecting air quality, which would mitigate any negative impact, so the impact is identified as neutral. Policy SRT 1, Objective SHIP 2 and Policy SHIP 2 had similar findings for comparable reasons. Policy SHIP 3, which promotes improved connectivity and a move to more sustainable transport could have a positive impact on air quality, as a reduction in use of fossil fuels could reduce localised air pollution from particulate matter associated with using fossil fuels. Similarly, Objective SHIP 3, could reduce bulk freight road traffic, and have a positive impact on localised air quality. Objective ENCA 1 also seeks to support national policy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, carbon emissions and can reduce air pollution. 4.6. Climatic factors The objectives for this topic are: 11. Contribute to a timely and commensurate Clyde regional contribution to climate change mitigation.
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Page 50 of 219 12. Contribute to ensuring that adaptation actions are taken into account to support the natural adaptive capacity of systems in order to sustain the benefits of natural processes and resources. 13. Contribute to ensuring that adaptation to climate change impacts (e.g. sea-level rise, coastal erosion and flooding) is considered in developments and activities. The draft CRMP aims to embed and drive activities, uses and developments of the marine and coastal environment to consider and undertake climate change mitigation and adaptation activities as far as possible. Delivery of this is focussed through the Climate Change chapter which must be adhered to in advance of the sectoral policies, and also within the All Sectors chapter. The assessment of these policies found positive and major positive impacts to climatic factors. Overall the effect of these policies is to drive developments and activities to actively minimise emissions of greenhouse gases and adaptation activities, therefore contributing to wider climate change mitigation and adaptation targets and protect and where possible enhance carbon sinks. This chapter is successful in meeting the objectives for this SEA topic. The Coastal Processes chapter is also important in delivering the objectives noted above, principally in terms of climate change adaptation, and puts forward measures which promote adaptation to climate change impacts, both with regard to protecting natural processes (such as flood management processes) and considering climate change impacts in developments and activities to future-proof them against these impacts and safeguard their continued use. The assessment identified indirect benefits from these policies on climate change mitigation. The Natural Heritage chapter objectives and policies also contribute to a positive impact on the objectives for climatic factors. The objectives, policies and recommendations of this chapter drive protection and encourage enhancement, restoration and/or rehabilitation of natural heritage features, contributing to ecosystem health and strengthening the resilience of ecological networks to withstand pressures and impacts related to climate change. These measures also include carbon stores, further contributing to climate change mitigation, this is seen in Objectives 1 and 2, Policy NH 3 and Recommendation rNH 1, for example, on harvesting seaweed, which can act as carbon stores amongst a number of other ecosystem services such as providing essential nursery habitat for some fish species. Objective ML 2 and Policy ML 1 require marine and coastal related developments to contribute to a circular economy which is based around the principals of minimising waste and making the most of resources, this can contribute to the regional overall efforts to contribute to climate change mitigation. Within the All Sectors chapter the overall impact again has the potential on climatic factors to be uncertain but the assessment assumes that the policies of the NMP and other existing legislation around climate change mitigation and adaptation will be taken into account. Objectives to ensure the region has adequate infrastructure could lead to the construction of new infrastructure which has the potential to contribute to greenhouse gas emissions; however, infrastructure should be built to be resilient to climate change impacts and therefore contribute to the Region’s adaptation activities. This could also be the case for infrastructure modifications/updates. It is anticipated that the majority of the negative impacts generated by such activity are mitigated through the environmental protection policies within the NMP and the policies within the General Policies section of the draft CRMP. Objectives which promote multiple- use of infrastructure, could lead to less infrastructure being constructed and therefore less greenhouse gas emissions. Where sectoral chapters identified uncertain impacts, the assessment considers that any adverse impacts (mainly related to construction, increased vessel movement etc.) are mitigated through consideration of the climate change policies of the draft CRMP and the policies of the NMP. This is the case for objective SHIP 2 and policy SHIP 2. Overall, the assessment shows that this chapter can have a positive
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Page 51 of 219 contribution to climatic factors, especially considering the aim of objective SHIP 3 which can support a reduction in freight transport via road of timber, objective SHIP 4 which supports environmental enhancements through the use of dredged material and policy SHIP 5, which states support for infrastructure upgrades related to the powering of vessels to contribute to a reduction in greenhouse gases. A number of positive impacts were identified to climatic factors within the Sea Fisheries chapter. Objective FISH 4 supports the resilience of the industry to climate change, encouraging adaptation to changes in species distribution and abundance, this is supported by Policy FISH 1&2. Recommendation rFISH 2 seeks to deliver scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to deliver improvements to the marine ecosystem. This can include a better understanding of climate change impacts on fisheries, helping to inform adaptation activities. This positive impact was also found as a result of objective AQUA 2, which drives research and development initiatives to support the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector, including proposals to consider the implications of climate change. Taken together the policies of the Sport, Recreation and Tourism chapter result in benefits to climatic factors, seeking to ensure that an increase in sport, recreation and tourism activities does not result on adverse impacts to the natural environment, including minimising greenhouse gas emissions and supporting adaptation to climate change impacts. The policies of the energy chapter drive a reduction in the use of fossil fuels within the region, contributing to climate change mitigation. Overall this can contribute to the national target of Scotland reaching net-zero emissions by 2045. 4.7. Material assets The objective for this topic is: 14. Contribute to ensuring both built and natural resources are used efficiently and sustainably, delivering multiple benefits for material assets and working in partnership with nature. The assessment found that the policies and objectives of the Climate Change chapter are positive on the whole for material assets as they seek to reduce climate change impacts and increase resilience across the region to the impacts of climate change. This is beneficial for material assets that are in particular vulnerable to flooding, sea-level rise, or changes in temperature. Similarly, the Coastal Processes chapter also found benefits for material assets, as this section promotes and protects the use of natural flood defence mechanisms, and this can in places also provide protection for certain material assets. This is also the case for the Natural Heritage chapter, where it is the case that natural heritage features can contribute to flood protection as this chapter seeks to protect and enhance the natural heritage features which contribute to this service, which can add to protection of coastal infrastructure. Non-native species can be destructive and damaging to infrastructure, restricting its use and even causing damage. The Non-Native Species chapter seeks to reduce the threat posed by non-native species and as such can provide benefits to marine assets. The impacts on material assets from Historic Environment, Landscape/Seascape and Marine Litter chapters were found to be neutral. Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region chapter was found to have a neutral or positive effect on material assets. Within objective CONNECT 2 and Policy CONNECT 1 impact is positive, as improvements in people’s experiences and knowledge of the coastal and marine environment and overall ocean literacy can drive behavioural changes and
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Page 52 of 219 improvements by individuals and also drive wider community support for specific measures to protect and enhance marine assets, such as the coastal paths, trails and walkways and other forms of access noted in Policies CONNECT 2&3. With regards to the sectoral policies, the objectives and policies of the: Sea Fisheries, Aquaculture, Defence and Marine Aggregates chapters were neutral. The All Sectors chapter found neutral or uncertain impacts in some cases, but overall promotes adequate infrastructure within the region, which could result in improvements to material assets. Similarly within the Sport, Recreation and Tourism chapter many policies had a neutral or uncertain impact, however overall when taken together with the preceding chapters, where the policies encourage increased use or multiple use hubs for marine sport and recreation, this can have a positive impact on material assets by ensuring they are used efficiently and sustainably, delivering multiple benefits and working in partnership with nature. The cumulative impact of multiple use would need to be monitored, as this could result in overuse of infrastructure, however this will be applied through other policies within the All Sectors chapter and consideration of the NMP policies. The assessment found similar results for the Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries chapter – neutral or uncertain impacts were identified. However, taken together and with the policies of the All Sectors chapter, impacts are likely to be neutral or positive. The results of the Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines chapter were mixed, but on the whole positive as these policies can reduce climate change impacts in the long term, resulting in benefits to material assets that could be vulnerable to climate change impacts. 4.8. Cultural heritage The objectives for this topic are: 15. Protect and where appropriate enhance the historic marine environment and the benefits it provides. 16. Avoid damaging known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology and the benefits it provides. 17. Avoid adversely impacting on the character and setting of historic sites and buildings and the benefits they provide. The ambition of the Historic Environment chapter is to protect and where appropriate enhance the cultural heritage of the region, and so the objective and policies in this section provide benefits to the regional heritage. Within Climate Change and Coastal Processes chapters, Policies CP 3 and CP 4 were found to have indirect positive impacts on cultural heritage, these policies seek to reduce the risk presented by climate change by enhancing the capacity of carbon sinks, installing flood defences, coastal erosion and flood alleviation works. Protection or enhancement works undertaken through adaptation activities may result in enhanced protection of coastal and marine cultural and historic assets from storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. These benefits are also apparent through Natural Heritage objectives 1-3. It is anticipated that any use of space which would result in negative effects would be considered at the project level within existing consenting processes and be mitigated in this way. The objectives and policies of the Non-Native Species chapter also present positive benefits to cultural heritage in the Region. Some non-native species could damage or otherwise adverse impacts from occurring to the character and setting of historic sites, archaeology, other features and the benefits they provide, if they become established in, on or around them. The objective and policies within this chapter aim to reduce the risk of non-native species becoming established. Marine litter can also have an adverse aesthetic effect and the objectives and policies (and recommendations where they are followed) within the marine litter chapter progress measures to reduce litter
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Page 53 of 219 entering or remove marine litter from the environment have a positive impact, reducing the negative aesthetic impact on cultural heritage. The policies of Chapter 8 were found to be neutral or positive. Considering where they were found to be positive, this includes Policy CONNECT 2 which promotes protection of cultural heritage. Objective CONNECT 1, Policy 1 and recommendation rCONNECT 1 are also positive as meaningful engagement of local communities and marine users who have knowledge of and access to contribute to consultations can improve the nature of developments and activities, including their impact on local heritage. Objective CONNECT 2, recommendations rCONNECT 3, 4 and 5 are all found to have a positive effect on cultural heritage, through supporting measures which contribute to removing litter which can have a negative impact on the aesthetic value of cultural heritage and on improving people’s knowledge and enjoyment through sustainable use leading to an improvement in ocean literacy and protection of cultural heritage in the marine and coastal environment. Within the sectoral chapters, largely, the objectives and policies have a neutral impact on cultural heritage, except where there may be activities and developments taking place which have the potential to have negative or unknown impacts upon cultural heritage, especially where it is unidentified. This includes: Objective SEC 1, Policy SEC 2 (uncertain impacts, but could lead to more construction), Objective SHIP 2, Policies SHIP 2&3 and Objective ENCA 2. The assessment identified that negative impacts would be more adequately identified at the project level and mitigated through existing consenting processes and supported by the Historic Environment chapter policy. Positive impacts were identified under: Objectives SEC 1&3 which promotes multiple use of infrastructure and can reduce the need for construction and improved availability of data which can better inform decision making; objective FISH 1 which seeks to support a wide range of sustainable fishing opportunities, which can maintain and improve some local communities’ links to cultural heritage relating to fisheries, where the industry was historically larger/more active; Recommendation rDEF 1 provides benefits through Ministry of Defence integration with the finalised CRMP and Objective ENCA 1 can contribute to reducing climate change impacts on cultural heritage, as they support application/implementation of existing regulations at the regional level. 4.9. Landscape/Seascape The objective for this topic is: 18. Promote the protection of landscapes/seascapes and where possible avoid or minimise adverse effects on landscapes/seascapes and the benefits they provide. There are existing pressures on the landscape/seascape of the Region from many of the activities and developments of the area, both at sea and on the coast. Many existing processes are in place to manage the impact of these, and mitigate for negative impacts. The assessment reflects that these processes will still factor in the management and mitigation of negative impacts identified from the objectives and policies. The assessment finds that the Landscape/seascape chapter results in positive impacts for this topic, and seeks to support the delivery of the NMP policies and contribute to the protection and enhancement of landscape/seascape around the region. It provides additional detail for consideration for the River Clyde in Glasgow city. Recommendation rSCAPE 1, where followed, increases consideration of maintaining infrastructure and facilities, such that they do not have a significant adverse impact. The policies within the coastal processes chapter can result in indirect positive effects on the landscape/seascape as any adaptation activity carried out by developments/infrastructure renewal may offer an associated level of protection from climate change impacts, such as sea-level rise, to
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Page 54 of 219 the landscape/seascape. This is dependent on the location of any developments and the type of adaptation activity carried out. Similarly for other environmental topics, there may be an impact on landscapes/seascapes where construction of new infrastructure/facilities is undertaken or to aims develop connectivity and transport networks are put forward. This is facilitated through Objective SEC 2 and Policy SEC 2 but taken together with Objective SEC 1 the need for construction or maintenance of infrastructure can be reduced as this objective promotes the multiple use of infrastructure where possible. This section must be taken in advance of the sectoral policies and so, along with the Landscape/Seascape chapter, mitigates the similar negative impacts identified in: Objective SRT 1; Objective SRT 2; Policy SRT 2; Objective SHIP 2; Policy SHIP 2 and Objective ENCA 2. 4.10. Socio-economic factors The objectives for Marine Economy and Society are: 19. Support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Clyde Marine Region across a range of sectors and business sizes. 20. Ensure the sustainable use of the Clyde Marine Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. 21. Protect marine assets (such as mineral assets) in the Clyde Marine Region, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. 22. Remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. 23. Safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the Clyde Marine Region. 24. Maintain or improve accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. 25. Promote access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. 26. Support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities. 27. Contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. 28. Maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. The marine economy and society of the Region face existing pressures, and these include: employment (particularly in remote coastal areas and for some island communities) and job opportunities, potential for conflict between sectors, competition for space and accessibility and connectivity for remote and island communities. The vision, aims and guiding principles of the draft CRMP seek to deliver sustainable development within the region, which in turn supports productive and thriving coastal communities, while allowing nature to flourish and protecting the natural resources on which many marine industries rely. This goal can present tensions between economic productivity and environmental protection and enhancement. However the policies of the NMP overall, support sustainable development and the draft CRMP contributes to this marine management framework. Broadly speaking, the assessment finds that many of the policies can have mixed effects on the marine economy – on the whole, the policies are positive for sustainable development and protection of natural resources on which many industries and activities rely. Many policies have an uncertain impact on creating and/or safeguarding jobs and on barriers to new marine enterprises. In many cases there are short term negative impacts related to increased operational time and cost (e.g. in additional considerations for applications), but this is balanced by long-term benefits associated with moving towards sustainable development and ensuring that activities and uses of
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Page 55 of 219 the marine and coastal environment do not affect its capacity to provide ecosystem services and benefits now and in the future. Where there is a negative or uncertain impact on safeguarding and or creating jobs, this has a connection to societal factors and can impact on a community’s sense of place and not supporting a reduction in poverty. Impacts on the marine and coastal natural environment also impact on some of the objectives for society – especially around contributing to a community’s sense of place, access to marine related heritage and maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users. Where policies encourage or support increased activity, there is potential for this to cause conflict between sectors for space and resources or in presenting barriers to new marine enterprises. There is the potential for there to be negative impacts between sectors – for example through conflict for use of space and competition over use of infrastructure. The All Sectors chapter seeks to address some of these issues and it is anticipated that consideration of NMP general policies 1-4 will be of particular relevance in mitigating negative impacts (such as those noted above) on the marine economy and society. Also important will be the detail provided on project type, location, etc., at project level, which will make clearer some of the potential impacts on marine economy and society, and the existing licensing and consent processes which can mitigate the potential negative impacts identified. Specific impacts of each of the chapters of the draft CRMP on society and economy are laid out in the following paragraphs: Within the Climate Change chapter, there were mixed impacts on the marine economy. Impacts can be negative depending on the nature of the development of adaptation activity taken forward as a result of these policies. This may increase barriers to marine enterprise as a result of ongoing costs related to minimising greenhouse gas emissions, for example through the use of new technologies. Impacts can also be positive, as the chapter supports sustainable development, protects natural resources and the long-term viability of the sectors. For society, impacts overall were found to be positive as it ensures development and activities are minimising the contribution to climate change and also supports adaptation activities to develop resilience to the effects of climate change. It ensures that any development or activity which relates to the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities that may be impacted by climate change in the future will be maintained and that recreational access and quality of experience is also maintained. The impact of the Historic Environment chapter is mixed. In the case of objective HE 1 the impact is unclear; the objective is in line with and support NMP policy GEN 6, however it introduces consideration of intangible historical and cultural heritage and so this objective may introduce new measures that need to be taken into account and may add or create barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities within the Region. Objective HE 2 and policies HE 1&2 are positive for sectors within the marine economy that would benefit from the protection and enhancement of historical and cultural assets such as some tourism operations or activities such as diving. The impact was found to be positive or neutral for society. Protection and enhancement of cultural and historic assets, contribute to a community’s sense of place, the overall heritage of the region and promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. The impact of the Landscape/Seascape chapter was found to be positive to the marine economy. The objectives and policies do not provide anything new, in terms of specific measures, to existing licensing/consenting processes, but it widens the consideration of the regional landscape/seascape characteristics, adding to existing guidance and protecting landscape/seascape resources in the CMR. These objectives and policies also provide a synthesis of information on various landscape
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Page 56 of 219 designations that are protected through existing legislation and so can provide clarity for applicants and decision makers. The chapter was found to have a positive impact for society, as it supports the implementation of national policy at the regional scale and nationally and locally important landscape/seascape contribute to a community’s sense of place and maintain or improve the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience. The Coastal Processes chapter overall, with consideration of the NMP policies, has a positive impact on the marine economy as it encourages the incorporation of consideration of climate change impacts and broader environmental considerations into planning and decision-making. It promotes the sustainable use of the region’s natural resources to support the long-term viability of marine and coastal developments and activities, ensuring they are resilient to the impacts of climate change and taking into account coastal processes and dynamics. It is unclear if the objectives and policies will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and there may be extra, initial costs involved in taking these factors into consideration; however, this could be offset by the benefits provided by improving the overall longevity of uses, activities or developments by improving their resilience to climate change impacts. The impact is also unclear on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. There may also be costs around improving resilience to current coastal zone developments and activities, however these too could be outweighed by improving adaptation to climate change and long term resilience. For societal impact, this is found to be neutral or uncertain for some objectives relating to connectivity, accessibility and in promoting access to coastal and marine tourism. This will be dependent on the type of development or activity proposed. It is anticipated that this chapter has a positive effect overall on contributing to a community’s sense of place and can maintain and improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly in areas vulnerable to flooding. It ensures developments and activities are ‘future-proofed’ (as far as possible) to any climate change impacts, so that the uses/services these developments may provide to communities are protected into the future. Any positive effect is dependent on the type and context of the development or activity. Impacts were also mixed for the Natural Heritage chapter, with similar results to the Climate Change chapter. Generally all the objectives, policies and recommendations had mixed impacts on the marine economy. The impact was positive from all, as all support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. Some negative or unknown effects were found from Objectives NH 1&2 and Policies 2-3 as these introduce new considerations for proposals and this may present some barriers to marine enterprise opportunities which may impact on jobs that support the development of the marine economy, as they can limit areas where businesses operate, or present other constraints on operations such as the need for taking into account additional considerations primarily at the application stage but also potentially later at the implementation stage of a proposal. In terms of the impact on society, all the objectives, policies and the recommendation were found to have a positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage and in terms of improving or maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment. No individual objective, policy or recommendation was found to have an impact on the accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities, promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation or on supporting the reduction of the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities. However in combination this chapter can have a positive impact on these SEA objectives in the long-term, especially as enhancement measures as a result of the policies are implemented and the ecosystem services provided by the region and improved.
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Page 57 of 219 The Non-Native Species chapter highlights that there are short-term operational costs related with implementing some of the measures identified in this chapter, however these can result in long- term benefits to businesses which can be affected by non-native species, and not excessive to measures which are already in place – the policy in this chapter support the delivery of NMP GEN 10. Overall this chapter supports the sustainable development of the region by protecting both habitats which some businesses may rely on and infrastructure and machinery important to some business operations. The chapter has a positive impact on society, for these reasons and the natural heritage benefits provided. Both positive and negative impacts were identified in the Marine Litter chapter. There may be additional costs for some sectors of the marine economy; ensuring that structures and developments do not contribute to marine litter or putting in place best practice measures to prevent the accidental release of plastic nurdles, flakes and pellets may lead to additional construction, maintenance and/or operational costs. It is not clear if this will create barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities or have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support new or existing sectors. However, this chapter is supporting delivery of NMP policy GEN 11 within the region. There are benefits for sectors such as sport, recreation and tourism that rely on cleanliness of the water and would benefit from the removal of litter in beauty spots, for example. This chapter has a positive impact for society and contributes to maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience and contributes to a community’s sense of place. No impact is identified on contributing to a reduction in poverty or maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. Within Chapter 8, the measures proposed to connect people to the Region were found to have a positive or neutral (no impact identified on some of the SEA objectives) impact on the marine economy and society. The objectives support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region either generally for all sectors or for specific sectors (e.g. Objective CONNECT 2 could result in direct positive impact for the Region’s fishing, aquaculture and seafood industries), they protect marine assets in the Region and ensure that sustainable use of the regional resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. For society they were found to be positive as they contribute to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage and or also had a positive effect on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment. Overall the All Sectors chapter is positive for the marine economy as it promotes efficient operations (which could result in cost savings) within some sectors that rely on marine and coastal infrastructure. The chapter supports the development of a sustainable marine economy, protects marine assets and maintains the potential to utilise them in the future. It can also remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and may also safeguard or create jobs – though this is uncertain. The assessment does acknowledge that multiple use of infrastructure can result in some negative impacts to the marine economy; for example, if certain infrastructure was in high demand, there could be operational delays. For these reasons, there may also be mixed impacts on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Objective SEC 1 and Policy SEC 1 both require the appropriate use to be considered, and that firstly any negative impact on other marine users has been minimised and/or mitigated and secondly that they do not create an unacceptable burden on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. These measures may require those putting forward proposals to spend more time on the consultation process and subsequently address concerns around how current use may be affected. Although this requires more time and consideration, this approach is positive as it supports a more informed and inclusive consultation process which can improve the nature of developments and activities and efficiency of use by multiple sectors. The impact on society was identified as positive or neutral from this chapter. The
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Page 58 of 219 objectives, policies and recommendations where they are implemented can maintain or improve the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, they can promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and there could be maintenance and improvement to the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Individually no impact was identified on the measures effect on reducing the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion, however taken together the cumulative effect on this objective is likely to be positive. On the whole the Sea Fisheries chapter was found to have a positive impact on the marine economy as it promotes the sustainable development of the industry including consideration of stocks and how to improve fishing practices as well as improving technology on fishing vessels, facilitates information gathering to inform management and planning decisions, supports better planning, collaborative working, supports identification of areas important for the sector’s activities and seeks to reduce conflict. These measures may introduce some operational costs e.g. implementing tracking on vessels, but the assessment finds the long-term benefits to be positive. The impacts are also positive for society; supporting the fishing industry into the future can also support the local communities which rely on these activities. A productive fishing industry can also improve a community’s sense of place; this in turn can indirectly result in positive impacts to tourism in such areas. Promoting opportunities to supply local and other markets can develop people’s awareness of the resources and benefits available from the local marine environment, and this factor can also improve a sense of place and provide benefits to tourism. The chapter, through promoting a diverse and sustainable fishing industry, can help to support a reduction in poverty and social exclusion in rural areas where livelihood options can be limited. The Aquaculture chapter is on the whole positive for the marine economy. There may be associated operational costs related to implementing sustainable development principles and limiting operations to the carrying capacity of the Region, however, in the long-term, the impact of the chapter is positive as it supports the sustainable development of the sector and the sustainable use of the region’s resources. Taken together the objectives and policies of the Sport, Recreation and Tourism chapter are positive for the marine economy as it supports sustainable development of the sector. Benefits to society are also clear; this chapter supports better connectivity and access to the coastal and marine environment of the Region as well as recreational opportunities and resources. This is done through consideration of various aspects, for example in Policy SRT 1 improved access is promoted through encouraging extension of the tourism season, support links to transport networks which facilitate increases participation for local communities and visitors. Policy SRT 2 supports proposals which will maintain, improve or introduce slipways and other infrastructure which enable access to the water. Where implemented the combined effect of these chapters can result in many health and wellbeing benefits for people. The impacts of the objectives and policies of the Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries chapter are, overall positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the region. In some cases it is unclear if objectives/policies will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities or if they will safeguard and/or create jobs. Some impacts are uncertain (for objective SHIP 2 and Policy SHIP 2 as this is dependent on the nature of work (e.g. project size, type of structures) and the location and type of construction undertaken. The impact is also positive for society, as the chapter has a positive impact on improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities and promotes access to recreational resources. Within the Defence chapter, the objective and recommendation promote the integration of Ministry of Defence activity with the draft CRMP and for operations within the Clyde to have due
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Page 59 of 219 consideration of other marine users and the marine environment. This is positive, but overall the impact is neutral as the objective and recommendation are in support of existing processes and stakeholder engagement that the Ministry of Defence already conducts. There is the potential for some negative impacts if other marine activities are excluded or restricted from areas where the Ministry of Defence is operating, however there may be no change from the current situation. As such, defence activities may impose barriers to new marine enterprise activities, though this is unclear. Nonetheless, other activities have coexisted alongside defence activities for a long time (e.g. agreements between the Ministry of Defence and some marine sectors like the fishing sector). This chapter was found to have a neutral impact on society. For Marine Aggregates, the impacts of the chapter are mixed on the marine economy. It is worth noting that this is not an industry which is currently operational within the region, but the inclusion of this chapter in the draft CRMP allows the future development of this sector in the region to be taken into account. The chapter facilitates extraction of aggregates where necessary, enabling businesses to carry out their operations. The conditions set out introduce some new operational and cost-related considerations to what is already in place. It is difficult to determine the extent of the potential negative impact to the marine economy on this, as they would need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis. This could have an impact on increasing barriers to marine enterprise opportunities or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs, for this and other sectors where the activities of this sector can cause disruption or displacement. The impact on society is found to be neutral. In terms of the Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines chapter, where renewable structures are placed these could exclude, displace or reduce capacity for some marine enterprises to operate in some areas. This is highlighted in the assessment for the Energy chapter and these negative impacts are mitigated by NMP policies and the All Sectors chapter. This industry could create new enterprise opportunities and jobs. Overall the assessment finds that this chapter supports the long term sustainable development of the region’s marine economy and while it may negatively impact recreational users (dependant on project), benefits can also be realised through climate change mitigation and potential jobs created. Negative impacts on other users can be mitigated through consideration of policies of the NMP and policies within the All Sectors chapter. Overall the majority of policy areas have a neutral or positive effect on the objectives for society, in particular many of the measures can have a positive effect on contributing to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage and maintaining or improving the experiences of recreation users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. This is an important outcome of the draft CRMP and can enable people to benefit from cultural ecosystem services, such as sense of place, recreation, aesthetic, spiritual and health and wellbeing that are associated with being at the coast. 4.11. Assessment of Alternatives As noted in section 2, two alternatives were proposed through the process of developing the draft CRMP and the SA-SEA report. These alternatives have been assessed against the SA-SEA objectives, and tables presenting the detailed results are shown in Appendix 4. The alternatives and a summary of the assessment results are shown below: • No change/business as usual. The assessment indicates that this alternative would deliver a positive or neutral impact on the SA-SEA topics; the existing planning framework provides protection for these areas and opportunities for enhancement of the marine and coastal environment and provides a framework which seeks to manage activities and/or developments to ensure the sustainable development of the marine economy and society.
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Page 60 of 219 However, the existing legislative framework would not necessarily deliver as strong an impact at a regional level as an RMP, particularly the NMP, as the policies within this are high level and not location specific or specific to the needs and issues of or opportunities for a particular Region. Without the development of a RMP, there is no mechanism for implementing regional considerations put forward in the NMP. As a result of not having a RMP, the gap between national and regional decision-making processes represented by the RMP would not be filled. The process of developing a RMP entails taking into account regional stakeholders’ knowledge, views and experiences and regional policies would be developed on this local knowledge, which can help identify and address local issues and importantly opportunities for positive impacts, particularly for society and the marine economy. Public engagement opportunities in regional marine planning may also increase the public’s understanding of coastal and marine issues in the Region, and enables their involvement and contribution to the planning process. Although the NMP does not prevent considerations of regional and local issues, the process of regional marine planning allows for them to be fully incorporated and considered through the development of regionally relevant policies. Regional marine planning also allows for better linkages to be developed with terrestrial planning and decision-making at the regional level. The RMP can lead to a more informed site selection process and reduced planning risk and uncertainty. This benefit is supplemented by the fact that regional marine planning allows consideration of issues to happen at a smaller ecosystem scale and regional/local operational scale for businesses, developments and activities. • RMP targets action on the issues identified which contribute to the delivery of the collective vision and aims of regional stakeholders. This is done through the combined use of policy relating to authorisations and consents, and non-statutory recommendations which guide and inform the use of the marine and coastal environment. The assessment shows that this alternative approach will result in positive impacts for all the SEA topics and both positive and negative impacts for the SA topics. It provides consideration of regional issues and contributes to the delivery of the collective vision and aims of local stakeholders within the framework of the NMP. This approach includes policies which support the regional implementation of existing legislation and regulations, policies which introduce new measures to address the needs and opportunities of the Region and regional stakeholders, and non-statutory recommendations to support action in areas where there are particular issues within the Region. The policies support consistency in regional decision making, across marine license applications and also by joining-up land-sea decision making across the various Planning Authorities in the region. In addition to this, the recommendations provide another approach through which to address the issues identified in the CMRA, which cannot be addressed through decision-making mechanisms alone. The CMPP is also in a position to communicate with and promote the policies and recommendations amongst a wide range of regional stakeholders and coastal communities, particularly with regard to the recommendations, which are applicable to many coastal communities and informal users. This alternative enables a ‘top down, bottom up’ approach to dealing with, and resolving over time, issues within the region. Whilst measurement of the overall objectives of the CRMP is possible, it will be not be possible to attribute changes to the recommendations being implemented or carried out. In summary, this approach can add regionally relevant policies to the decision making processes for the marine and coastal environment which will aid this process and help to
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Page 61 of 219 address regional issues, while providing guidance and a practical approach for all users through the inclusion of recommendations. For these reasons, it is the preferred approach. 4.12. Cumulative effects The assessment finds that the objectives and policies taken together will have an overall positive impact on the SA-SEA topics and so the overall cumulative effect of the draft CRMP is likely to be positive. This is due to how the CRMP, when finalised, will be used and the consideration of the full marine planning context, in terms of the existing framework established by the NMP. The CRMP should be read as a whole and in conjunction with the NMP. Proposed developments and activities must comply with legislative and regulatory requirements and should adhere to all General Policies in Section 1, before considering the Sector Policies in Section 2. This process facilitates the consideration of the cross-cutting policies of Section 1 to be understood and taken into account in advance of the Sector Policies in Section 2, reducing the likelihood of environmental deterioration which may occur as a result of human activity, especially when considered together with the NMP and other existing legislation which aims to protect and enhance the natural heritage of the marine and coastal environment and promote sustainable development. Furthermore, the policies of the NMP provide direction on the co-existence of activities, direct development and use across and between sectors; these policies mitigate environmental deterioration and contribute to the development of a sustainable marine economy. The policies for both the sustainable development of the marine economy (which provides employment and contributes to the local economy) and protection and where possible enhancement of the marine and coastal environment (which provides essential benefits and services for humans) interlink to provide benefits for society and take into consideration the health and wellbeing of coastal communities. An example of where the cumulative effect of the draft CRMP is stronger can be seen in the assessment results for one of the objectives for Society ‘Support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities.’ It is not clear in many cases to see how individual policies can have a great effect on this, however the cumulative effect of the contribution of multiple policies being implemented can have a greater positive effect. There are also likely to be synergistic positive effects across all policies of the draft CRMP on Society. Similarly, the policies of the Marine Litter chapter could be said to have a minor positive effect when taken individually, but cumulatively the effect is much greater and they have a stronger effect on the problem of marine litter in the Region, as this chapter sets out measures which seek to address this issue from many angles. Polices and recommendations range in coverage from policies targeted at development of infrastructure to promoting action of loss of plastic pellets at manufacturing sites. Their application cumulatively will have a stronger effect on reducing the burden of marine litter within the Region. This applies in other cases too, for example the cumulative effect of mitigation activity with applied across sectors and environmental enhancement activity when considered cumulatively across individual proposals. Many of the objectives and policies are general statements and so the value of them will become evident when they are applied within individual proposals by applicants and as the draft CRMP becomes statutory and embedded in decision-making processes. The draft CRMP frames and strengthens wider policy ambitions of the NMP within the Region, contributing to their delivery and achievement. The NMP and the final adopted CRMP will work together to deliver a framework of social, economic and environmental policies that will inform the right activity and/or development taking place at the right scale and place for the benefit of society,
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Page 62 of 219 environment and economic development. The process of development of the draft CRMP furthers the identification of issues at the local level, to be taken into account by users and in carrying out activities and developments, tailoring the creation of policies to specifically deal with the needs and issues, as well as opportunities identified. The draft CRMP supports the existing NMP framework, working to encourage sustainable economic growth and development, seeking to deliver the right type of economic growth in the right place culminating in environmental protection and enhancement and benefits to coastal communities. The positive impacts for coastal communities is also supported by the integration of the draft CRMP with Local Development Plans, and by the alignment of policies of these two planning mechanisms unless relevant considerations indicate otherwise. 5. Monitoring and mitigation After the adoption of the draft CRMP, a monitoring report will be carried out within three years of its adoption. This will consider the effects of the policies and their effectiveness and progress in securing the (then adopted) CRMP’s vision, aims and objectives. The measures identified in the objectives of the (then adopted) CRMP will be used as a baseline for measuring progress towards achieving these objectives. This monitoring will also focus on the unanticipated effects, as no significant effects of the draft CRMP have been identified at this stage of the process. Monitoring will also take into account the findings of ongoing external monitoring (e.g. monitoring carried out by SEPA of water body condition, air pollution, NatureScot monitoring related to protected areas and species and Marine Directorate and Marine Directorate Science monitoring and reporting, although this list is not exhaustive), that provide an indication of the state of the marine and coastal environment and socio-economic conditions within the CMR. The application of the then adopted CRMP can also be measured through Marine Licence applications received within the region. The uncertain or potential negative impacts identified in the assessment of objectives and policies can be more clearly identified at the project level thus enabling clearer mitigation strategies than those identified through the assessment where needed. Proposals for monitoring will be further addressed in the Post-Adoption Statement, which will come later in the process of CRMP development (see the ‘Relationship between this Regional Marine Plan and the SA-SEA’ in section 2).
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Page 63 of 219 Appendix 1 – SEA checklist Requirements of the Act Section a) An outline of the contents and main objectives of the CRMP and of its relationship (if any) with other qualifying plans and programmes. 1.1-1.2 b) The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the CRMP. 3.1-3.2 c) The environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected. 3-3.1 d) Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the CRMP including, in particular, those relating to any areas of particular environmental importance, such as areas designated [under the Birds and Habitats Directive] 3.3 e) The environmental protection objectives, established at international, Community or Member State level, which are relevant to the CRMP and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation. 1.3 f) The likely significant effects on the environment including : 4 i. Biodiversity 4.1 ii. Population 4.2 iii. Human health 4.2 iv. Fauna 4.1 v. Flora 4.1 vi. Soil ( sediments, marine geology and coastal processes) 4.3 vii. Water 4.4 viii. Air 4.5 ix. Climatic factors 4.6 x. Material assets 4.7 xi. Cultural heritage, including architectural and archaeological heritage 4.8 xii. Landscapes and seascapes 4.9 xiii. The inter-relationship between the issues referred to in heads i to xii 4.12 g) The measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and offset, as fully as possible, any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the CRMP. 4, 5 and Appendix 3 h) An outline of the reasons for selecting alternatives dealt with and A description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties (such as technical deficiencies or lack of expertise) encountered in compiling the required information). 4.11 2 i) A description of the measures envisaged concerning monitoring in accordance with section 19. 5 j) A non-technical summary of the information provided under paragraphs 1-9 This will be provided as a separate document.
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Page 64 of 219 Appendix 2 - Summary of Consultation Authorities’ responses to SA-SEA Scoping report Consultation Authority response CMPP team response/Action Historic Environment Scotland Ensure that baseline for the historic environment is holistic in its consideration of the historic environment. Ensure that the baseline for the historic environment includes designated and undesignated landscapes and unknown archaeological and historic features, including underwater and coastal features. Comments noted and consideration of this point incorporated into assessment of objectives and policies. Further sources of data also included in section 4 of this report. NatureScot When considering ‘sediments , marine geology and coastal processes’, may be helpful to recognise that some of the processes outlined in the objectives are active and that maintaining their dynamic nature may be a desired outcome. Comments noted and reflected in the environmental protection objectives and in the Assessment matrices. Scottish Environment Protection Agency Recommend that flooding and natural flood management are included in the SEA objectives Additional objectives added under ‘Water’ and ‘climatic factors’. Some of the plans, programmes and strategies included may have been subject to SEA. It may be useful to prepare a summary of the key SEA findings that may be relevant to the CRMP. The findings of the SA of the NMP have been taken into consideration. The Environmental Report should clearly set out where it is expected that other plans, programmes or strategies are better placed to undertake a more detailed assessment of the environmental effects. The assessment takes into account and considers existing planning processes. Would find it helpful if the Environmental Report included a summary of the scoping outcomes and how comments from the Consultation Authorities were taken into account. Comments noted. The Consultation Authorities responses and how they have been taken into account are summarised within this table.
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Page 65 of 219 Appendix 3 - Assessment matrices Assessment Key: Symbol/Colour Meaning ++ Major positive impact + Minor positive impact 0 Neutral impact - Minor negative impact -- Major negative impact ++/-,+/-- etc. Mixed impacts ? Uncertain impact P/T Permanent/Temporary effect S/M/L Short/Medium/Long-term effects Se/C/Sy Secondary/cumulative/synergistic effects Abbreviations used in the Assessment matrices: Term Abbreviation Good Ecological Status (classification under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003) GEcS Good Environmental Status (classification under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010)) GEnvS National Marine Plan NMP Sustainability Appraisal including Strategic Environmental Assessment SA-SEA Visions, Aims and Guiding Principles VISION: The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L Achievement of the vision could also result in many No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The vision is found to have a major positive impact for all SEA and SA Topics as it sets out a balanced approach between development and fair use that allows for the protection and enhancement of the marine and coastal environment and supports thriving resilient local communities. The marine environment supports many human activities and provides essential services such as food provision, Population and human health ++ Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ++
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Page 66 of 219 VISION: The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water ++ other secondary beneficial effects. nutrient, air and water cycling, and the inherent non-use value of the marine and coastal environment. Air ++ Climatic factors ++ Material assets ++ Cultural heritage ++ Landscape/seascape ++ SA topics Marine economy ++ As above. As above. As above. Society ++ AIMS: Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy; Support resilient local communities in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change; Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region to respond to climate change issues; Provide a policy and planning framework for safe and sustainable development and use which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region; Provide a plan for decision makers to have regard of when responding to marine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions; Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas; Maintain and enhance the health of the Clyde Marine Region, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources; Ensure that the Marine Protected Area network contributes to the protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s biodiversity, and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement; Ensure that use and developments contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features; Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access; Support the connection of people to the Clyde Marine Region through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits; Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L Achievement of the aims could also result in many other synergistic, cumulative and secondary No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The aims are all found to have a major positive impact for all the SEA and SA Topics as they seek to ensure the delivery of: • Sustainable development in appropriate locations which underpins the regeneration of urban and coastal areas. • Maintaining and enhancing the health of habitats and species in the CMR. • Promoting socially inclusive development, reconnection of people with the marine and coastal environment through cultural heritage, employment, educational initiatives and recreation. Population and human health ++ Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ++ Water ++ Air ++ Climatic factors ++ Material assets ++
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Page 67 of 219 AIMS: Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy; Support resilient local communities in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change; Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region to respond to climate change issues; Provide a policy and planning framework for safe and sustainable development and use which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region; Provide a plan for decision makers to have regard of when responding to marine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions; Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas; Maintain and enhance the health of the Clyde Marine Region, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources; Ensure that the Marine Protected Area network contributes to the protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s biodiversity, and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement; Ensure that use and developments contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features; Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access; Support the connection of people to the Clyde Marine Region through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits; Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage ++ positive effects. • Contribute to Scotland’s transition to the low-carbon economy; maximise opportunities to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change and to improve resilience. These goals support all the SA-SEA objectives of the assessment, and so the aims are found to have a major positive impact. Landscape/seascape ++ SA topics Marine economy ++ As above. As above. As above. Society ++ Guiding principles: Sustainable Development, Support delivery of Good Environmental Status, Ecosystem Approach, Adding value not complexity, Multiple responsible use of marine space. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Achievement of the guiding principles could also result in many other synergistic, cumulative and secondary positive effects. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The guiding principles of the draft CRMP are positive for the SA/SEA Topics. Similarly to the aims, they balance the needs of development and activity with protection and enhancement of marine and coastal resources. The principles also seek to simplify planning and management of the Region by considering the regional context and adding value to the existing framework set out by the NMP. The guiding principles set the context for a practical approach to use the marine space, encouraging multiple responsible use where it can be achieved sustainably. Such use could result in the most social, economic and environmentally positive outcomes for the Region. Population and human health + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + Water + Air + Climatic factors + Material assets + Cultural heritage + Landscape/seascape +
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Page 68 of 219 Guiding principles: Sustainable Development, Support delivery of Good Environmental Status, Ecosystem Approach, Adding value not complexity, Multiple responsible use of marine space. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text SA topics Marine economy + As above. As above. As above. Society + Section 1 – General Policies Climate Change Objective CC 1: Development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are carbon neutral and resilient to the impacts of climate change by 2045. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + - P/L S/T Where managed realignment is identified as the preferred option for adaptation activity, this will have been determined through other decision-making processes and underlying assessments will have been carried out (e.g. EIA, Flood Risk Assessment). The draft CRMP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to The objective is positive as mitigation activities will limit the overall contribution to climate change and will subsequently reduce the impact of climate change effects on biodiversity, flora and fauna and the integrity of ecosystems. This will protect their ability to provide ecosystem services necessary for the effective functioning of the ecosystem. Reducing the impact of climate change on biodiversity, flora and fauna enables these elements to remain resilient to other pressures, such as invasive species, which may lead to deterioration of their status under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010). There may be some negative impacts if managed realignment is considered as the most appropriate adaptation activity in some areas. This could lead to some areas being sacrificed, leading to habitat loss for the benefit of others, in order to protect essential habitat/infrastructure. Mitigation against these effects is discussed in the adjacent column. Population and human health + P/L The objective would have a positive long-term impact as it would contribute to reducing the impact of climate change, enabling continued use and enjoyment of the marine and coastal environment, particularly for recreational activities, and therefore allowing people to continue to derive therapeutic and recreational benefits from the environment. Dependent on siting and context, protection works undertaken through adaptation activities may result in enhanced protection of coastal and marine cultural and historic assets from storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ? + -/? P/L Se ? The impact of the objective is dependent on the type and siting of coastal developments and activities. These factors will determine which adaptation and mitigation activities are undertaken and these may or may not have a beneficial impact on geodiversity and their natural processes. The assessment assumes that developments and activities will consider important geological sites when looking at mitigation and adaptation options. The objective has an indirect positive effect as mitigation activities will limit the overall contribution to climate change and in turn, in combination with national/international effort, will contribute to the reduction in the severity of climate change impacts such as flooding, coastal erosion and storm surges within the Region. Mitigation activities such as increasing the capacity of carbon stores can also have secondary effects of enhancing habitats and species, and ecosystem services and benefits can continue to be provided.
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Page 69 of 219 Objective CC 1: Development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are carbon neutral and resilient to the impacts of climate change by 2045. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text developers and users in consideration of potential negative impacts. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decision. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section 1 and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. There may be some negative impacts if managed realignment is considered as the most appropriate adaptation activity in some areas. This could lead to some areas being sacrificed leading to a change in a certain coastal area for the benefit of others in order to protect essential habitat/infrastructure. Mitigation against these effects is discussed in the adjacent column. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors ++ P/L The objective is positive as it is focussed on climatic factors, and drives developments and activities to be carbon neutral and to undertake adaptation activities, therefore contributing to wider climate change mitigation and adaptation targets. Material assets + P/L Material assets are at risk of being damaged or disturbed by climate change impacts such as sea-level rise and storm surges. Driving marine and coastal developments and activities to minimise their emissions of greenhouse gases will have a contribution to meeting climate change targets, which can reduce the predicted impacts of climate change. Developments and activities, which may be contributing to the development of future material assets or maintenance of current assets, will improve their resilience in the future and will also work in partnership with nature. Cultural heritage ? The impacts of this objective are uncertain, dependent on siting and type of adaptation activity. Protection works undertaken through adaptation activities may result in enhanced protection of coastal and marine cultural and historic assets from storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. There may be some indirect benefits as mitigation activities will limit the overall contribution to climate change and this in turn will reduce the effects of climate change impacts on cultural heritage assets. Landscape/seascape + P/L The impacts of climate change, such as sea-level rise at storm surges, can result in increased erosion/accretion and this may have localised impacts on the seascape of the Region; loss of some areas may even occur in extreme cases. Driving marine and coastal developments and activities to minimise their emissions of greenhouse gases will contribute towards national climate change targets, which can reduce the predicted impacts of climate change. Adaptation activities may also protect elements of the landscape/seascape which could be subject to loss or damage as a result of the impacts of climate change, such as sea-level rise. SA topics Marine economy - + T/M P/L Dependent on the nature and duration of mitigation This objective may have mixed effects on the development of a sustainable marine economy. It is in line with the Scottish Government goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2045 and so this aspect of the policy does not introduce any new measure which would impose new considerations for the marine economy. Depending on the nature of the development or activity, it may increase barriers to marine enterprises as a result of ongoing costs related to improving resilience to the impacts of climate change, this could have a knock on impact around job creation.
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Page 70 of 219 Objective CC 1: Development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are carbon neutral and resilient to the impacts of climate change by 2045. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text and adaptation activity) All activities taking place within the marine and coastal environment rely on that environment for their continued productivity and success and so in the long term adopting mitigation and adaptation measures is a positive objective as it ensures the sustainability of the environment being relied upon. It also provides an element of future-proofing for these activities, promoting their long-term sustainability and improved resilience in the face of climate change impacts. Depending on siting and type of activity or development the objective may protect marine assets in the Region, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. These considerations can have a positive impact on safeguarding jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the Clyde Marine Region. Society +, 0 P/L The objective is positive in the long term as it ensures development and activities are minimising the contribution to climate change and also considering adaptation activities to develop resilience to climate change impacts. It ensures that any development or activity which relates to the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities that may be impacted by climate change in the future will be maintained and that recreational access and quality of experience is also maintained. No impact is identified on reducing the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion on promoting equality for all communities nor on promoting access to coastal and marine resources to tourism and recreation, although this may be an indirect effect of developments/activities contributing to adaptation work. The effect is only a minor positive impact as regional actions can only have a limited impact on the overall effects of climate change. However, by ensuring development and activities are considering mitigation and adaptation and building this into their processes and operations, this contributes to Scotland’s emission reduction targets. Objective CC 2: Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Carbon stores within the Clyde Marine Region include seagrass habitats, kelp habitats, sediments, saltmarsh and within the shells and coral of some marine and coastal animals. These habitats and species, while serving as carbon stores, also have additional functions and services within the marine and coastal environment. Seagrass acts as a nursery habitat and kelp habitats provide a buffering function to protect coastal zones from storm damage and can reduce coastal erosion. They also provide feeding grounds and shelter for various marine species. Sediments also provide habitat for some species. The objective is positive as it protects significant stores from damage, ensuring the benefits they provide are also protected and can continue to support the integrity of the ecosystem, their interactions and wider ecosystem services. It also stipulates that, stores should be enhanced, which will in the long term is likely to further improve biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and resilience to climate change impacts. This objective can prevent damage to important biological sites, including protected species and the benefits they provide. It also prevents deterioration of
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Page 71 of 219 Objective CC 2: Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text this resource, and therefore can continue to contribute towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and GEcS under the Water Environment and Water Services Act 2003. Population and human health + This objective is positive as it focusses on the protection of habitats which act as carbon stores, ensuring they can continue to provide associated benefits and services, and that these can continue to contribute to human health and wellbeing. It is also positive as it promotes enhancement. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + Protection against damage to carbon stores can provide protection for the essential services provided by sediments, marine geology and coastal processes (e.g. sediments as burrows for marine animals, seaweeds and the protection it affords through buffering coastlines from storms). Water + S/T Removal of some carbon stores could result in increased turbidity in the water column, affecting water quality. Protection of these features prevents such impacts on water quality. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L Protection of carbon stores in the Clyde contributes to wider climate change mitigation measures; the objective is therefore positive in terms of contributing to climate change mitigation. Damage of carbon stores could result in the release of carbon, contributing to climate change. Although the objective does not propose any new adaptation measures, it protects the features of the coastal environment which are at risk from climate change impacts (e.g. kelp as a storm buffer and reducing coastal erosion), and so maintains their resilience in the face of climate change. Material assets + The objective may have positive impacts on material assets such as coastal infrastructure, dependent on the siting and type of the carbon store. Some carbon stores may provide natural flood management processes and protection, and removal of such carbon stores could reduce flood protection benefits (e.g. kelp forests). Cultural heritage 0 ? No direct impact identified. May be indirect effects, as noted above for material assets. Landscape/seascape 0 ? No direct impact identified. May be indirect effects, as noted above for material assets. SA topics Marine economy + - This objective is expected to have a positive impact as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy across a range of sectors within the Region. The objective protects natural resources, supporting the long-term viability of marine sectors. The objective can also protect material assets, through protecting the services provided by some carbon stores (e.g. kelp habitats and coastal protection services). The objective can also present some negative impacts to some marine enterprises, dependent on location - developments and activities may need to relocate or reconsider proposals in order to ensure carbon stores are maintained. This can raise barriers to marine enterprise and could impact on the safeguarding and/or creation of jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the Clyde Marine Region.
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Page 72 of 219 Objective CC 2: Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + 0 The objective is positive for society, as it protects ecosystem services, such as protection against wave buffering, which can have impacts on the coastal zone, such as erosion. This could have a negative impact on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities’ access to marine and coastal recreation and tourism and detrimentally affect people’s experiences of the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified on the other SA objectives for this topic. Policy CC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered appropriate and proportionate measures to: a) minimise emissions of greenhouse gases over the lifespan of the proposal; b) adapt to the current and future likely impacts of climate change over the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required; c) support or increase sustainable transport use and local transport solutions if applicable. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + - P/L S/T As for Objective CC1 As for Objective CC1. The policy supports the implementation/delivery of NMP policy GEN 5 as well as other legislation and initiatives to deliver climate change mitigation and adaptation. Population and human health + P/L Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ? + -/? P/L Se ? Water 0 Air 0 Climatic factors ++ P/L Material assets + P/L Cultural heritage ? Landscape/seascape + P/L SA topics Marine economy - + T/M P/L (Dependent on the nature and duration of mitigation and adaptation activity) As for Objective CC1 As for Objective CC1 Society +, ?, 0 P/L
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Page 73 of 219 Policy CC 2: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid significant harm or damage to carbon stores, including those in intertidal habitats in the Clyde Marine Region. Where an impact on a recognised carbon store (see Maps CC 1 & 2) may occur, it should be demonstrated prior to development taking place that any impacts can be suitably mitigated, using the mitigation hierarchy. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L and secondary No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The policy is positive as it seeks developments and activities to demonstrate that they will avoid damage to and/or where possible enhance, thereby preventing the deterioration of, the capacity of carbon stores in the CMR. This will provide benefits to ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide, while also contributing to climate change mitigation activity through maintaining or enhancing carbon sinks in the Region. The policy can have an indirect positive effect on contributing to several descriptors under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010).52 Some carbon sinks also provide additional ecosystem services, such as nursery habitats, feeding grounds and buffering coastlines from storms and wave action. The policy is in support of NMP GEN 5. Population and human health + P/L Maintaining/enhancing carbon stores is a climate change mitigation activity and contributes to Scotland’s greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This will have an overall positive effect for coastal and marine ecosystems as it will ensure that the environment can continue to provide benefits necessary to support human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The policy is positive as it aims to maintain/enhance ecosystems related to carbon stores (e.g. saltmarshes, seagrass and seaweeds). These habitats contribute to coastal processes and sediment dynamics – maintaining and enhancing them ensures that these processes will continue to function. The benefit these habitats provide, such as wave action buffering, may also help protect important geological sites and in turn the benefits that these features provide. Maintaining such habitats can also avoid exacerbating coastal erosion, maintain the integrity of coastal processes and ensure the natural environment’s inherent capacity to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected and may, in fact, also be enhanced. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L Se The policy is positive as it aims to maintain existing, and/or enhance the Region’s mitigation activity by maintaining and/or enhancing carbon stores. There is no direct effect on adaptation activity; however, enhancing carbon stores can provide indirect benefits as the habitats and species that provide this service can provide additional benefits (e.g. wave action buffering) which can protect against climate change impacts (e.g. coastal erosion and flooding). Material assets + Se There is no direct impact on material assets; however, enhancing carbon stores can provide indirect benefits as the habitats and species that provide this service can provide additional benefits (e.g. wave action buffering) which can protect against climate change impacts (e.g. coastal erosion and flooding) which may have a detrimental effect on material assets located at the coast. Cultural heritage + Se As above for material assets. Landscape/seascape + Se As above for material assets. SA topics Marine economy + ? P/L ? The policy does not introduce new measures, and is similar to NMP GEN 5 section 4.9. The policy will have a positive effect as it supports the development of a sustainable economy in the Region. It ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s 52 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/index_en.htm
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Page 74 of 219 Policy CC 2: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid significant harm or damage to carbon stores, including those in intertidal habitats in the Clyde Marine Region. Where an impact on a recognised carbon store (see Maps CC 1 & 2) may occur, it should be demonstrated prior to development taking place that any impacts can be suitably mitigated, using the mitigation hierarchy. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text resources thereby supporting the long-term viability of marine sectors which rely on the environment in which they operate. The policy has indirect positive benefits for the protection of marine assets. It is unclear if the policy will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities or have any effect on safeguarding or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the Clyde Marine Region – this will depend on the nature of any development or activity, but as noted above this policy does not introduce new measures as similar details are already set out in the NMP. Society 0 + Se No direct effects are identified. There may be indirect effects if there is a loss of carbon stores that provide additional ecosystem services (e.g. wave buffering). When these benefits are removed, there could be detrimental impacts on the coastal zone (e.g. erosion). This could have a negative impact on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to marine and coastal recreation and tourism and detrimentally affect people’s experiences of the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and no effect is identified on an increase in equality for all communities. Policy CC 3: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to deliver positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores (as identified in the Scottish Blue Carbon Action Plan) including to support their expansion. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L, where this policy implemented. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Increased capacity of carbon stores can provide benefits to ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide, while also contributing to climate change mitigation activity through maintaining or enhancing carbon sinks in the Region. The policy can have an indirect positive effect on contributing to several descriptors under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010).53 Some carbon sinks also provide additional ecosystem services, such as nursery habitats, feeding grounds and buffering coastlines from storms and wave action. Population and human health + P/L Enhancing carbon sinks is a climate change mitigation activity and contributes to Scotland’s greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This will have an overall positive effect for coastal and marine ecosystems which will ensure that the environment can continue to provide benefits necessary to support human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The policy is positive as it encourages positive effects on ecosystems related to carbon stores (e.g. saltmarshes, seagrass and seaweeds). These habitats contribute to coastal processes and sediment dynamics – maintaining and enhancing them ensures that these processes will continue to 53 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/index_en.htm
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Page 75 of 219 Policy CC 3: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to deliver positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores (as identified in the Scottish Blue Carbon Action Plan) including to support their expansion. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text function. The benefit these habitats provide, such as wave action buffering, may also help protect important geological sites and in turn the benefits that these features provide. Enhancing such habitats can also avoid exacerbating coastal erosion, support the integrity of coastal processes and ensure the natural environment’s inherent capacity to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected and may, in fact, also be enhanced. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L Se The policy is positive as enhancement of carbon stores is a contribution to the Region’s mitigation activity. There is no direct effect on adaptation activity; however, enhancing carbon stores can provide indirect benefits as the habitats and species that provide this service can provide additional benefits (e.g. wave action buffering) which can protect against climate change impacts (e.g. coastal erosion and flooding). Material assets + There is no direct impact on material assets; however, enhancing carbon stores can provide indirect benefits as the habitats and species that provide this service can provide additional benefits (e.g. wave action buffering) which can protect against climate change impacts (e.g. coastal erosion and flooding) which may have a detrimental effect on material assets located at the coast. Cultural heritage + Se As above for material assets. Landscape/seascape + As above for material assets. SA topics Marine economy + Where this policy is undertaken it can be expected to have an indirect positive impact on the marine economy, as it supports the development of a sustainable economy in the Region. It ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources thereby supporting the long-term viability of marine sectors which rely on the environment in which they operate. The policy has indirect positive benefits for the protection of marine assets, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. As this policy only encourages proposals to deliver enhancement activities, no negative impact is anticipated as the cost/benefits would be taken into account before enhancement activity is proposed. Society +, 0 Se No direct effects are identified. This policy may provide indirect positive impacts on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience. No other impact is identified on the other SEA objectives for this topic.
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Page 76 of 219 Policy CC 4: Proposals for the enhancement of marine and coastal natural carbon stores, such as habitat restoration or creation and native species restoration, and proposals for other nature- based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change will be supported and encouraged where they demonstrate consideration of potential climate change impacts on the proposal, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L, where this policy implemented. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. As above for Policy CC 3 Population and human health + P/L Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 Air Climatic factors + P/L Material assets + Se Cultural heritage + Se Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + As above for Policy CC 3 Society + 0 Se Policy CC 5: Proposals for nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change are encouraged and will be supported where they demonstrate appropriate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L, where this policy implemented. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. As above for Policy CC 3 Population and human health + P/L Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 Air Climatic factors + P/L Material assets + Se
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Page 77 of 219 Policy CC 5: Proposals for nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change are encouraged and will be supported where they demonstrate appropriate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage + Se Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + As above for Policy CC 3 Society + 0 Se Recommendation CC1: Developments are encouraged to promote climate justice and help society and the environment to be more resilient to the current and future likely impacts of climate change. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L, where this policy implemented. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. As above for Policy CC 3 Population and human health + P/L Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 Air Climatic factors + P/L Material assets + Se Cultural heritage + Se Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + As above for Policy CC 3 Society + 0 Se
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Page 78 of 219 Historic Environment Objective HE 1: Marine and coastal historical and cultural assets in the Clyde Marine Region, whether visible, buried, submerged or intangible, are protected and enhanced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Depending on the location and type, protection of these assets can provide protection to species and habitats which have developed around or on the asset and would be damaged with its disturbance or removal. This objective could therefore indirectly contribute to the conservation of integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It also can prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. Population and human health Indirectly, the objective supports healthy ecosystems which are an essential part of human health and wellbeing and so it is also positive for human health. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage ++ P/L The principle of the objective is to protect and where appropriate enhance cultural and heritage assets, so it will have a major positive effect in terms of protection of cultural and heritage assets. It can also contribute to the prevention of damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology, by requiring the wider consideration of the historic environment by marine users and developers. The objective is positive as it prevents developments and activities impacting on the character and setting of historic sites and building, including the benefits they provide to communities around the Region and beyond. It is unclear how the objective will enhance cultural and heritage assets. This can be determined depending on the type of activity and/or development and on a site-by-site basis through existing processes (licensing, consents, planning permission or management). Landscape/seascape ? There can be a positive impact on landscape/seascape, where historical and cultural assets contributes to the unique character of the landscape/seascape, and so preserving it can also be positive for landscape/seascape, however this is uncertain as the impact is dependent on the location and type of asset and the contribution it makes to the landscape/seascape character. SA topics Marine economy ? 0 S/T The objective is in line with and support NMP policy GEN 6, however it introduces consideration of intangible historical and cultural heritage and so this objective may introduce new measures that need to be taken into account and may add or create barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities within the Region. The impact is unclear. The objective does not have any effect on the other SA-SEA objectives for this topic. Society + 0 P/L The effect is positive as protecting cultural and heritage assets contribute to a community’s sense of place. The impact will be stronger in some parts of the Region than in others, depending on the type and location of assets,
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Page 79 of 219 Objective HE 1: Marine and coastal historical and cultural assets in the Clyde Marine Region, whether visible, buried, submerged or intangible, are protected and enhanced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text where developments or activities are proposed that may affect them and the overall importance and contribution of these assets to an area and the cultural/historic heritage of the Region. No impact is identified on the other SA-SEA objectives. Objective HE 2: People’s knowledge and experience of the marine and coastal historic environment is enhanced through improved awareness of the historical and cultural assets of the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + Se No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The impact is indirectly positive as the objective can support measures to protect and enhance historical and cultural assets, which can lead to protection and enhancement of species which have become established on or near heritage assets. This can contribute overall to the integrity of ecosystems, and prevent damage to important biological species. Ensuring healthy ecosystems supports human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L The objective is positive for cultural heritage as increased awareness, knowledge and experience of the historic environment can lead to increased support for its protection and enhancement. Improved awareness in and of itself is can also have a positive impact as this supports the cultural ecosystem services such as people’s sense of place, spiritual and aesthetic values and recreational capacity. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The impact is positive as promoting awareness of the historical and cultural heritage of the Region can provide a boost of related sectors through increased custom and visits to historic sites for example. This objective can also support sustainable use of the Region and may contribute to safeguarding of jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy for this sector. No impact is identified on the other SEA objectives. Society + 0 P/L The impact is positive as it can promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation – where people’s awareness is improved, there may be higher demand which could lead to improvements in transport networks and other mechanisms which can promote accessibility. It
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Page 80 of 219 Objective HE 2: People’s knowledge and experience of the marine and coastal historic environment is enhanced through improved awareness of the historical and cultural assets of the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text is not clear that this objective would promote a reduction in the magnitude of poverty or promote equality, but it could reduce social exclusion, by contributing to education of historical and cultural assets. It can also have a positive impact on communities’ sense of place by promoting people’s awareness of local heritage for example and can have a positive impact on improving the experiences of recreations users of the environment, both in terms of access (as discussed above) and quality of experience. Policy HE 1: Development(s) and/or activities will only be supported if they protect marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets, their context and accessibility. If detrimental impact on historic environment and cultural assets is unavoidable, development(s) and/or activities must: • demonstrate that alternative proposals have been explored, • minimise impacts on these assets, and • ensure mitigation measures are in place. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + Se No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Although the measures set out in the policy are already in place through national legislation, this policy supports its implementation at a Regional level. The impact is indirectly positive as protecting historical and cultural assets also protects space for biodiversity flora and fauna and protects species which may have become established on or near particular assets. In this way the policy can indirectly support the conservation of integrity of ecosystems and the benefits and services they provide. Ensuring healthy ecosystems can also support human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L The policy has a positive impact on historical and cultural assets, as although it does not introduce any new measures it supports existing policy at a Regional level. The policy states that enhancement should take place where appropriate, requiring developers and users to have wider consideration of heritage assets and the benefits they provide. Landscape/seascape 0 The policy has an uncertain impact and will depend on the context of any development or activity. Impact on the historical and cultural assets may have an indirect impact on the surrounding character of the landscape/seascape and the size, type and siting of the historical or cultural asset, for example if this involves removal. The impact of this policy
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Page 81 of 219 Policy HE 1: Development(s) and/or activities will only be supported if they protect marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets, their context and accessibility. If detrimental impact on historic environment and cultural assets is unavoidable, development(s) and/or activities must: • demonstrate that alternative proposals have been explored, • minimise impacts on these assets, and • ensure mitigation measures are in place. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text is likely to be neutral in most cases, as if there is any impact on historic assets, mitigation measures are required and the policy indicates that the preservation in situ will always be the preferred. SA topics Marine economy 0 This policy does not propose new measures to those already in place either through terrestrial legislation/policy and/or through the NMP policies to protect cultural heritage below MHWS. Therefore, the impact to the marine economy is considered neutral. Society + 0 P/L The policy is positive as although it does not introduce any new measures, it supports the application of existing policy at a Regional level and explicitly promotes access to coastal and marine resources. This can contribute to communities’ sense of place through protection of and access to marine-related heritage, which can be a central component of, or at least a contributing factor to an area’s character. It maintains people’s recreational use of the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified on supporting the reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. Policy HE 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to identify opportunities for enhancement of historic environment and cultural assets and/or their accessibility. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ? Se Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding or coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or marine development. This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at Where this policy is applied, the impact is positive as it can support enhancement for biodiversity, flora and fauna and therefore also support human health and wellbeing (as is detailed for the policies and objectives above), however ultimately the impact is uncertain as positive benefits are dependent on the nature of the enhancement. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L Where this policy is applied, the impact is positive as it will deliver enhancements to historical and cultural assets, supporting the objectives for this SEA topic.
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Page 82 of 219 Policy HE 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to identify opportunities for enhancement of historic environment and cultural assets and/or their accessibility. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape ? providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of the impact could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors. The impact is uncertain on landscape/seascape. This policy could provide a positive impact as landscape/seascape may indirectly benefit from enhancement to historical and cultural assets, however this is dependent on the nature of the enhancement activity. SA topics Marine economy + 0 Enhancement activities could support the further development of a sustainable tourism and recreation sector in the Region. No other impact is identified on the SEA objectives. No negative impacts are identified as the policy only encourages enhancement. Society + 0 This policy could promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and could contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Recommendation HE 1: Efforts should be made to protect and promote non-structural and intangible marine and coastal cultural heritage. For example, through museums, visitor centres, festivals, or incorporation into development proposals. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ? Se Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where As for Policy HE 2 Population and human health
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Page 83 of 219 Recommendation HE 1: Efforts should be made to protect and promote non-structural and intangible marine and coastal cultural heritage. For example, through museums, visitor centres, festivals, or incorporation into development proposals. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding or coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or marine development. This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of the impact could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L Landscape/seascape ? SA topics Marine economy + 0 As for Policy HE 2 Society + 0 Landscape/seascape Objective SCAPE 1: Nationally and locally important landscape/seascape character of the Clyde Marine Region is protected and enhanced, at both a wider and a local level to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as No impact is identified. Population and human health
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Page 84 of 219 Objective SCAPE 1: Nationally and locally important landscape/seascape character of the Clyde Marine Region is protected and enhanced, at both a wider and a local level to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes positive or neutral. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape + P/L The intended aim of the objective is to protect, and enhance nationally and locally important seascapes within the Region and to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. This will protect the recreational and therapeutic effects derived from the unique and complex variety of seascapes around the CMR. The objective does not introduce new requirements; however it provides additional detail which can contribute to improved decision-making, including the requirement for coastal based developments to consider seascape and regional consideration through the policies noted below, so the impact is noted as positive. SA topics Marine economy + P/L This objective does not introduce any requirements that are not already in place through other consent and licensing processes, so there is no adverse impact on adding or removing barriers to new marine enterprises or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. It helps to support the delivery of national legislation at the Regional level and highlights the particular contribution of landscape/seascape to the wellbeing of people. The objective supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes, and can safeguard and/or create jobs that support and provide benefits to coastal communities within the region, as it supports the protection of areas of important landscape/seascape character. Society + 0 P/L The objective is positive as protection and enhancement of nationally and locally important landscape/seascape contributes to a community’s sense of place and maintains or improves the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience. Where enhancement is possible, enhancement may include promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. The objective promotes consideration of this. No effect is identified on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, or on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, social exclusion and promoting equality.
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Page 85 of 219 Policy SCAPE 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where appropriate: a) the Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde, the relevant planning authority Landscape Assessments and other relevant Strategic Development Frameworks, character appraisals or supporting documentation; b) how the proposal takes into account its effects on the existing character, experience and quality of the landscape/seascape. Where negative or intrusive visual effects are likely, steps should be taken to avoid or minimise effects. This includes developed, altered and cultural landscapes as well as natural areas; c) a high standard of design, in terms of siting, scale, colour, materials and form to ensure the development or coastal use change will be accommodated within specific landscape and seascape types (as shown in Map SCAPE 2). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape + P/L Although the policy is aligned with NMP policy GEN 7, it provides more detailed guidance and introduces regional consideration requiring development and/or activity to refer to the Seascape/landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde. This can help improve the decision making processes/clarity for proposals in determining the siting and/or design of proposed developments and/or activities in both marine and coastal locations. Therefore the policy is found to have a positive impact. In particular it promotes specific aspects to take into consideration to reduce the negative effects a proposal may have on landscapes/seascapes, such as specific measures to improve landscape character in the inner Clyde estuary. SA topics Marine economy + ? This policy does not introduce any requirements that are not already in place through other consent/licensing processes, apart from the consideration of regional information in any proposed development(s) and/or activity. The impact of the additional consideration of this guidance is unclear and depending on the type and location of proposal may add to operational/time implications for development(s) and/or activities. The policy is positive overall as it widens the consideration of the regional landscape/seascape characteristics, adding to existing guidance, and providing further clarity for proposals. The impact on removing or adding to barriers for marine enterprises or on safeguarding/creating jobs is uncertain; there may be additional costs associated with revised design of developments or materials used. The policy is positive as it protects landscape/seascape resources in the CMR, so that the potential to use them in the future is maintained and the development of a sustainable marine economy is supported.
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Page 86 of 219 Policy SCAPE 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where appropriate: a) the Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde, the relevant planning authority Landscape Assessments and other relevant Strategic Development Frameworks, character appraisals or supporting documentation; b) how the proposal takes into account its effects on the existing character, experience and quality of the landscape/seascape. Where negative or intrusive visual effects are likely, steps should be taken to avoid or minimise effects. This includes developed, altered and cultural landscapes as well as natural areas; c) a high standard of design, in terms of siting, scale, colour, materials and form to ensure the development or coastal use change will be accommodated within specific landscape and seascape types (as shown in Map SCAPE 2). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + 0 The policy is positive as it contributes to communities’ sense of place, local heritage and connection to the area by guiding developments and activities to maintain the integrity of the landscape/seascape. No effect is identified on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, social exclusion and equality. Policy SCAPE 2: Proposals for development and/or use in the Inner Clyde estuary should consider how the proposal takes into account its effects on the distinctive character of the River Clyde Development Corridor. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape + P/L This policy brings together existing measures for various national or regional landscape designations and so while it does not introduce any new measures it reduce complexity somewhat and helps to deliver existing policy measures at a regional level. The policy is positive as it promotes the protection of landscapes/seascapes and where possible avoid or minimise adverse effects on landscapes/seascapes and the benefits they provide. SA topics
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Page 87 of 219 Policy SCAPE 2: Proposals for development and/or use in the Inner Clyde estuary should consider how the proposal takes into account its effects on the distinctive character of the River Clyde Development Corridor. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + 0 ? Mixed This policy brings together existing measures for various national or regional landscape designations and so while it does not introduce any new measures it can reduce complexity somewhat and helps to deliver existing policy measures at a regional level. The policy is positive as it protects landscape/seascape resources in the CMR, so that the potential to use them in future is maintained. It is unclear whether the policy will support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes or what the impact will be on safeguarding and/or creating jobs Society + 0 The policy is positive as it contributes to communities’ sense of place, by guiding developments and activities to maintain the integrity of the landscape/seascape. No effect is identified on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, social exclusion and promoting equality. Policy SCAPE 3: Proposals for development and/or use that affect National Scenic Areas, National and Regional Parks, or Local Landscape Areas should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) they will not adversely affect the integrity of the area or its special qualities for which it has been designated, or b) any such adverse effects are clearly outweighed by social, environmental or economic benefits of national importance (or local importance for Local Landscape Areas). It should be considered whether or not a Design Statement is required to support a proposal for development or use that affects a National Scenic Area or National or Regional Park. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape + P/L This policy brings together existing measures for various national or regional landscape designations and so while it does not introduce any new measures it reduce complexity somewhat and helps to deliver existing policy measures at a regional level. The policy is positive as it promotes the protection of landscapes/seascapes and where possible
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Page 88 of 219 Policy SCAPE 3: Proposals for development and/or use that affect National Scenic Areas, National and Regional Parks, or Local Landscape Areas should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) they will not adversely affect the integrity of the area or its special qualities for which it has been designated, or b) any such adverse effects are clearly outweighed by social, environmental or economic benefits of national importance (or local importance for Local Landscape Areas). It should be considered whether or not a Design Statement is required to support a proposal for development or use that affects a National Scenic Area or National or Regional Park. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text avoid or minimise adverse effects on landscapes/seascapes and the benefits they provide. It requires development(s) and/or activities to demonstrate consideration around Natural Scenic Areas or National Parks. SA topics Marine economy + 0 ? Mixed This policy brings together existing measures for various national or regional landscape designations and so while it does not introduce any new measures it can reduce complexity somewhat and helps to deliver existing policy measures at a regional level. The policy is positive as it protects landscape/seascape resources in the CMR, so that the potential to use them in future is maintained. While this policy will have no effect on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, it may present additional responsibilities through the need to provide a design statement in some circumstances. It is unclear whether the policy will support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes or what the impact will be on safeguarding and/or creating jobs Society + 0 The policy is positive as it contributes to communities’ sense of place, by guiding developments and activities to maintain the integrity of the landscape/seascape. No effect is identified on the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, social exclusion and promoting equality. Recommendation rSCAPE 1: Efforts should be made to maintain developments, infrastructure and facilities in a coastal or marine location in such a way that they do not have a significant adverse impact on the landscape/seascape qualities of an area. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets
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Page 89 of 219 Recommendation rSCAPE 1: Efforts should be made to maintain developments, infrastructure and facilities in a coastal or marine location in such a way that they do not have a significant adverse impact on the landscape/seascape qualities of an area. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape + P/L Where this recommendation is applied it can have a positive impact on promoting the protection of landscapes/seascapes and avoid or minimise adverse effects on landscapes/seascapes and the benefits they provide by preventing infrastructure and facilities falling into disrepair. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L No negative impacts are identified from this recommendation and it is voluntary so the party responsible can judge how and when to apply this recommendation so as to mitigate any potential negative operational or financial impacts associated with carrying it out. Carrying out the recommendation can result in the removal of barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities that may arise through improving visual amenity and could support safeguarding jobs. It can also protect marine assets maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future where they are maintained. No impact is identified in terms of supporting the development of a sustainable marine economy or in ensuring the sustainable use of the Region’s resources. Society + 0 P/L There may be an indirect benefit to contributing to a communities’ sense of place through adequately maintaining infrastructure and facilities which maintains the landscape/seascape. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage Objective CP 1: Development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region are resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets and soft engineering where possible. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood- risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding or coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The objective has a positive impact as it acknowledges the dynamic nature of coastal processes and that developments and activities should be developed to accommodate this and current developments and activities should be resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast including the impacts of climate change. This approach can avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. This objective also ensures that the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected.
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Page 90 of 219 Objective CP 1: Development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region are resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets and soft engineering where possible. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water ? 0 ? marine development. This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of the impact could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of this CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors – of the CRMP. This objective may contribute to improvements under descriptor 6&754 of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), resulting in a positive effect. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors 0 + P/L The objective is not expected to have any effect on the regional contribution to climate change mitigation. It is positive as it promotes adaptation to climate change impacts, both with regard to protecting natural processes (such as flood management processes) and considering climate change impacts in developments and activities to future-proof them against these impacts and safeguard their continued use into the future. Material assets + ? Mixed The objective is positive for new material assets (that may come about as a result of new coastal zone developments and activities) as they will be adapted to the impacts of sea-level rise and flooding. It also seeks to ensure resources are used efficiently and sustainably, working in partnership with nature. The objective seeks to prioritise the use of natural assets, such as natural flood management processes. There may be indirect benefits to existing built material assets as the objective aims to implement adaptation and improve resilience to flooding, sea-level rise, etc., but it is unclear if there will be benefits as it may not be feasible to ‘build in’ adaptation in some cases. The ability to ‘build in’ adaptation will depend on the context and siting of any developments and activities. Cultural heritage 0 There is no impact is identified on cultural heritage. Landscape/seascape ? The objective may have indirect positive effects on the landscape/seascape as any adaptation activity carried out by developments/activities may offer an associated level of protection to the landscape/seascape from climate change impacts. This is dependent on the location of any developments and the type of adaptation activity carried out. SA topics Marine economy + ? Mixed The objective is positive for the development of a sustainable marine economy as it encourages the incorporation of consideration of broader environmental impacts into planning and decision- making. It promotes the sustainable use of the regional natural resources to support the long-term viability of marine and coastal developments and activities. It is unclear if the objective will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. There may be extra, initial costs involved; however, this could be offset by improving the overall longevity of the project by improving its resilience to climate change impacts. The impact is also unclear on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. There may also be costs around improving resilience to current coastal zone developments and activities; however these too could be outweighed by improving adaptation to climate change and long term resilience. 54 Descriptor 6: The sea floor integrity ensures functioning of the ecosystem. Descriptor 7: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions does not adversely affect the ecosystem.
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Page 91 of 219 Objective CP 1: Development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region are resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets and soft engineering where possible. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society ? 0 + Mixed It is unclear if the objective will have an impact on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or if it will promote access to coastal and marine resource to tourism and recreation. This will depend on the type of development/activity being proposed or its siting and context, and any impact it may have on access. In addition, developments and activities need to take into account Policy Sec 1 which seeks to enhance access to the marine environment where possible and appropriate. It is not anticipated that this objective will have any impact on supporting a reduction on the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. The objective is expected to have a positive effect on contributing to a community’s sense of place and can maintain and improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly in areas vulnerable to flooding. It ensures developments and activities are ‘future-proofed’ (as far as possible) to any climate change impacts, so that the use/services these developments may provide to communities are protected into the future. Any positive effect is dependent on the type and context of the development or activity. Policy CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + 0 Mixed Mitigation: Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are The impact of the policy is positive as it requires developments and activities to consider the broader environmental impacts of climate change, which developments or activities may exacerbate (depending on siting and context). This can prevent damage or loss to marine and coastal habitats and biodiversity, which could protect the benefits the marine and coastal environment provides to communities. There may be positive impacts on biodiversity where opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure are incorporated and beach nourishment is considered.
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Page 92 of 219 Policy CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding of coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or marine development(s). This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected There may be indirect positive impacts when considering ecosystem processes, such as sediment dynamics, and the protection and use of natural assets may also conserve and enhance associated habitats and species. No impact is identified on the other objectives. Population and human health + Dependant on the duration/longevity of the development or activity. The impact of the policy is positive as it requires developments and activities to consider the broader environmental impacts of climate change, which developments or activities may exacerbate (depending on siting and context). This can prevent damage or loss to marine and coastal habitats and biodiversity, which could protect the benefits the marine and coastal environment provides to communities. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ++ P/L The policy has a positive impact as it requires developments and activities to consider the sustainable management of geodiversity and the ecosystems services it provides, such as seabed habitats and physical features and the natural processes supported by these features by considering the dynamic nature of marine and coastal sediments. It also highlights the need to consider future projections for sea-level rise, flooding, wave overtopping impacts, Flood Risk Management plans, shoreline management plans, any wider implications that the development/activity would have on flooding or coastal erosion and protection of natural features which hold capacity to cope with flooding. The policy promotes an approach which seeks to deliver multiple benefits working in partnership with nature and to continue to provide benefits, such as flood alleviation and flood management processes. Although some of these aspects are a consideration in existing processes/legislations/protections, bringing them together in this policy allows for a strategic consideration of all the potential impacts on sediments, geology and coastal processes and conversely how these processes can impact on a development/activity. This can aid better planning and decision-making. It is assumed that any protected geological features will be considered through existing processes/legislations/protections. Any impact will also depend on the siting of a development or activity. Water + 0 This policy has a positive effect as it can contribute to improvements under descriptor 6&7 of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), resulting in a positive effect. It is not expected to contribute to meeting the requirements of the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003.
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Page 93 of 219 Policy CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Air 0 further determination of the impact could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L The policy has a positive effect as it promotes adaptation to climate change impacts, both with regard to the protection of natural processes (such as flood management processes) and that climate change impacts are considered in developments and activities. The policy has recognition of the natural environment’s own capacity for resilience through the requirement for development to take into account allowing space for natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change. There may be indirect benefit as the considerations under this policy can lead to the protection of habitats which provide carbon sinks, thereby contributing to the Region’s climate change mitigation activities. Material assets + P/L The policy will have a positive impact on new material assets or any material assets affected by infrastructure renewal as it promotes adaptation activity, ensuring that resources are used efficiently and sustainably, thereby, future-proofing against climate change impacts. Cultural heritage 0 ? Uncertain There is no direct impact identified. There may be an indirect effect derived from protecting the use of natural assets for coastal protection, which may in turn protect some cultural or historical assets from climate change impacts. However, this depends on the siting and nature of development/activities, the nature of the developments and any assets in proximity to this. Landscape/seascape ? Uncertain The policy may have indirect positive effects on the landscape/seascape as any adaptation activity carried out by developments/infrastructure renewal may offer an associated level of protection from climate change impacts, such as sea-level rise, to the landscape/seascape. This is dependent on the location of any developments and the type of adaptation activity carried out. SA topics Marine economy + ? P/L The policy is expected to have a positive effect on the development of a sustainable marine economy as it encourages the consideration of broader environmental impacts, specifically around coastal processes and how the coastal zone is impacted by climate change, into planning and decision-making. It promotes the
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Page 94 of 219 Policy CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text sustainable use of regional natural resources to support the long-term viability of marine and coastal developments and activities. It is unclear if the policy will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, or will safeguard and/or create jobs. There may be extra initial costs involved; however, this could be offset by improving the overall longevity of the project through improving resilience to climate change impacts. Society ? 0 + It is unclear if the policy will have an impact on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. It is dependent on the siting and context of any developments and infrastructure renewal. It is unclear if the policy will promote access to coastal and marine resource to tourism and recreation – this would be dependent on the type of development/activity being proposed or the siting and context and any impact it may have on access. It is expected where development/infrastructure renewal would have an impact on the factors noted above, the application of this policy would lead to positive impacts for the reasons noted above under the SEA topics and the associated benefits this would provide to society. It is not anticipated that this policy would have any effect on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. The policy is expected to have a positive effect on contributing to a community’s sense of place and can maintain and improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly in areas that are vulnerable to flooding. It ensures developments and activities are ‘future- proofed’ to any climate change impacts, ensuring that the use/services these may provide to communities are protected into the future. Any positive effect is dependent on the type and context of the development or activity.
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Page 95 of 219 Policy CP 2: Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Se Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding of coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or marine development(s). This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. The impact is positive as it prevents removal of features which provide flood defence services without due consideration (and in the case that a decision is made to remove them this must be done in accordance with policy CP 1); this can provide secondary benefits by conserving the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It may also have a secondary benefit of preventing damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide and ensuring GEnvS and GEcS is achieved. The second part of the policy around removal of coastal defence prevents significant damage to the environment that may be caused by the removal of these materials. It is positive as it protects habitats and species against contaminants or materials that may leach into the marine and coastal environment. The policy has a positive effect as it has consideration of the broad environmental impacts of flooding. Removal of defences is only allowed in cases where positive action of the environment or landscape/seascape can be identified. The policy can also improve the awareness of flooding and coastal erosion issues, and the importance of features which provide flood defences, or could do so in the future. Population and human health + P/L The policy has a broad long term positive impact by protecting coastal habitats from flooding as a result of removal of features which provide flood defence. Where they are removed Policy CP 1 should be taken into consideration. Although the removal of defence materials could result in the alternative use/loss of some of the coastal environment as a result of some measures such as managed realignment, there would still be an overall benefit by accommodating changes which may alleviate flood risk in an area. This allows people to continue to use and derive benefits from these areas. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The policy has a positive effect on ensuring the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected as it protects natural coastal and marine features that could provide flood defence. Benefits are also provided to this topic from artificial features which provide the same service. If they are removed the considerations in policy CP 1 should be followed, ensuring that flooding and sea-level rise is taken into consideration. Risk of flooding is not increased by removal of coastal defence as this cannot take place unless options for delivering positive impacts have been identified and it is demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment or landscape/seascape. The policy is also positive as it aims to improve the awareness of flooding and coastal erosion issues. Any negative impact on sediments as a result of this may be outweighed by the long term natural benefits provided by accommodating space for natural coastal readjustment. Water ? T/L The policy can contribute to meeting descriptors 8&9 of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) as it stipulates that coastal defence materials can only be removed where there are no significant impacts on the environment. Air 0 There is no impact identified.
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Page 96 of 219 Policy CP 2: Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors + 0 Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected that further determination of the impact could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors. The ambitions of this policy are to prevent the deterioration of the natural environment to provide flood defence and not increase the risk of flood events; this will have a positive impact. The policy contributes to the increased resilience to flooding and raises awareness of the associated risks of this. This policy has no effect on climate change mitigation. Material assets 0 ? This policy allows for the removal of material assets which provide flood protection; however, the reasons for removal might outweigh the functions provided. In the case of artificial coastal defence, the policy specifies that removal can only take place where alternative positive impacts have been identified and delivered. There may be unintended impacts on other material assets in the area of any work undertaken. It is unclear what this would be as it would depend on the location and type of work carried out. Cultural heritage 0 No impact identified. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact identified. SA topics Marine economy + ? This policy provides additional detail to the policy provided by the NMP, policy GEN 8. The policy has a positive impact on ensuring the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. It is not clear what impact this policy will have on supporting the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes or on protecting marine assets in the CMR, maintaining the potential to use them in the future or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the Clyde Marine Region. The policy may have a negative effect on entry to new marine enterprise opportunities.
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Page 97 of 219 Policy CP 2: Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + The policy’s intention to protect features which provide or could provide flood defence can have a positive impact on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities as it does not increase the vulnerability of these routes/mechanisms to the impacts of climate change. For similar reasons it can have a positive impact on access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and on contributing to a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage and maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No impact is identified on supporting the reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. Policy CP 3: The installation of new or replacement flood defences, coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works will be encouraged if coastal erosion or flooding threatens existing public infrastructure, important built development, including historic environment features, and where relocation options are not feasible. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ? P/L Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood- risk). These are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any potential flooding of coastal erosion impacts associated with coastal or marine development(s). This policy is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering potential issues and adaptation. Where an impact is uncertain it is expected that further determination of The impact of this is uncertain as works are only supported in cases where public infrastructure is threatened and so it seems likely that it will largely have a neutral impact. In addition the policies of the NMP and the Natural Heritage chapter of the CRMP must be taken into account and will mitigate any negative impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna. There may be some cases where installation of replacement flood defences are necessary, and their construction may have a negative impact on this SEA topic. It is assumed in these cases that the benefit of bolstering flood defences will outweigh the negative impacts on the natural heritage features which may be damaged/lost. This would be dependent on the locality, type and size of any proposed flood defence. Population and human health + P/L This will have a positive impact on human health as it can reduce the risks to human health arising from flooding and coastal erosion. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ? The effect is unclear. The policy may result in a change in sediments and coastal processes but it is not clear if this will be positive, neutral or negative as it is dependent on the nature or the flood defences being installed or replaced. Water ? The installation of new or replacement flood defences and coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works may have a detrimental impact on water quality and may cause hydrological alterations. This is dependent on the type and location of any flood defences or coastal erosion and flood alleviation works. Air 0 No impact is identified.
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Page 98 of 219 Policy CP 3: The installation of new or replacement flood defences, coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works will be encouraged if coastal erosion or flooding threatens existing public infrastructure, important built development, including historic environment features, and where relocation options are not feasible. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors ? 0 this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. Flooding and coastal erosion can be caused by climate change and so installation of new or replacement flood defences may contribute to the Region’s adaptation efforts. The policy has no effect on climate change mitigation. Material assets + P/L The ambition of the policy is to reduce the risk to material assets from flooding. Any secondary effects on material assets are likely to be considered at the project-level and the impact of this will be considered within existing consenting processes (e.g. marine licensing/town and country planning determination). Cultural heritage + P/L The ambition of the policy is to reduce the risk to cultural heritage from flooding. Any secondary effects on cultural heritage are likely to be considered at the project-level and the impact of this will be considered within existing consenting processes (e.g. marine licensing/town and country planning determination). Landscape/seascape ? P/L There may be some negative impact on landscape/seascape and it is expected more detail of what this could be will be evident at the project-level and the impact of this will be considered within existing consenting processes (e.g. marine licensing/town and country planning determination). SA topics Marine economy + ? 0 Mixed This policy will have a positive impact on coastal marine assets that are at risk from flooding, by maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. It also ensures that Region’s resources are used sustainably to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. It is unclear if this policy will remove or help avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. There is no effect on the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs Society + P/L The ambition of this policy is to protect and ‘future-proof’ public infrastructure, built development and significant natural and cultural heritage features, guaranteeing that the benefits and services they provide will continue into the future. This may include infrastructure related to transport and connectivity, thereby maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. It may also maintain tourism and recreation resources. It will have a positive impact on contributing to a community’s sense of place by protecting and ‘future-proofing’ access to marine related heritage. It is not anticipated that the policy will support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion nor impact the improvement of equality for all communities.
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Page 99 of 219 Policy CP 4: For large marine and coastal infrastructure projects below the Mean High Water Springs that involve an element of lock-in or irreversibility , a climate change risk assessment (detailing flooding and coastal change risks to communities, businesses and infrastructure) should be undertaken and proportionate adaptation features should be included within the proposal in line with best practice guidelines. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The policy can facilitate the appropriate siting or other adaptation measures being applied to proposals, which can have a positive impact in preventing exacerbation of coastal erosion and maintaining the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. It can also be positive as it supports the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected. No impact on the other objectives for this topic is identified. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + 0 P/L The policy is positive as it support the SEA objective for this topic of ensuring that adaptation actions are taken into account to support the natural adaptive capacity of systems in order to sustain the benefits of natural processes and resources and that adaptation to climate change impacts are considered in developments and activities. No impact is identified on this policies contribution to climate change mitigation. Material assets + P/L This policy is positive for ensuring the long term lifespan of future material assets and supports working in partnership with nature. Cultural heritage 0 No impact is identified. Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy - + T/S P/L This policy could result in short negative impacts for a proposal if the results of a climate change risk assessment suggested that significant changes were required to improve resilience towards climate change impacts. However, this would likely be outweighed by the long term benefits of increasing resilience and protecting any proposals from damage as a result of climate change impacts. Society + P/L Where proposals are more secure and resilient to the impacts of climate change, this is beneficial to the SA objectives for this topic. Commented [RA1]: Define
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Page 100 of 219 Recommendation CP 1: Communication and connectivity between marine users and land users is encouraged to ensure that the coastal zone is managed and protected appropriately. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The recommendation can facilitate the appropriate siting or other adaptation measures being applied to proposals, which can have a positive impact in preventing exacerbation of coastal erosion and maintaining the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. It can also be positive as it supports the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected. No impact on the other objectives for this topic is identified. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + 0 P/L The recommendation is positive as it supports the SEA objective for this topic of ensuring that adaptation actions are taken into account to support the natural adaptive capacity of systems in order to sustain the benefits of natural processes and resources and that adaptation to climate change impacts are considered in developments and activities. No impact is identified on this recommendation’s contribution to climate change mitigation. Material assets + P/L This recommendation is positive for ensuring the long term lifespan of future material assets and supports working in partnership with nature. Cultural heritage 0 No impact is identified. Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy - + T/S P/L No impact is identified. Society + P/L Where proposals are more secure and resilient to the impacts of climate change, this is beneficial to the SA objectives for this topic. Natural Heritage Objective NH 1: The overall health of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Clyde Marine Region and the ecosystem services they provide are protected and enhanced, particularly with regard to achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for the relevant Marine Protected Area network sites, other coastal designated sites, Priority Marine Features (irrespective of location), and other protected habitats and species. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine This objective seeks to protect and enhance marine and coastal natural heritage. This would have a major positive impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna. There would also likely be positive impacts on sediments,
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Page 101 of 219 Objective NH 1: The overall health of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Clyde Marine Region and the ecosystem services they provide are protected and enhanced, particularly with regard to achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for the relevant Marine Protected Area network sites, other coastal designated sites, Priority Marine Features (irrespective of location), and other protected habitats and species. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Population and human health + developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, HRA). Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decision. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. marine geology and coastal processes (particularly in terms of ensuring the natural capacity of the environment to cope with flooding in not detrimentally affected and in avoiding exacerbating coastal erosion and to maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide) depending on the type of protection and enhancement activity carried out and what species and habitats these are directed at. The objectives supports existing conservation objectives, by achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for designated sites and protected species. These combined positive impacts would ensure positive outcomes for population and human health as people would be able to enjoy ongoing benefits from these natural assets as they are protected. Increased benefits could be experienced where these natural assets are enhanced. Therefore, continued use and enjoyment of the marine and coastal environment, particularly for recreational activities, would be enabled and people would continue to derive therapeutic and recreational benefits from the environment. Protection and enhancement of natural heritage also ensures the natural environment’s capacity to provide ecosystems services is safeguarded. This includes provisioning services (such as the provision of diverse and healthy fish stocks) and regulating (such as the ability of natural coastlines to protect coastal areas from storm damage and to adapt to sea-level rise). Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + Water + Se There may be an indirect positive impact from protection and enhancement of natural heritage to water quality. Marine animals such as mussels and other bivalves are filter feeders and can have a role in improving water quality. In addition, the ecosystem ability to provide waste breakdown and detoxification services can be supported through this objective. Ensuring that these species and habitats are protected, and where appropriate enhanced, ensures they can continue to contribute to improved water quality. Air 0 No impact is identified Climatic factors + P/L This objective encompasses protection of habitats and Priority Marine Features which act as carbon sinks (e.g. seagrasses, kelp and some seabed sediments). This will have a positive contribution to climate change mitigation. Ensuring the protection and enhancement of natural heritage in the marine environment can also improve its resilience and capacity to adapt in the face of climate change impacts. Material assets + There may be indirect positive impacts on material assets, as a result to benefits achieved through this objective to services such as natural flood protection, as the natural heritage features which support this service are protected/ enhanced which in turn can offer improved protection to some material assets located at the coast. Cultural heritage ? There may be indirect benefits for cultural heritage, dependent on siting and context. Protection or enhancement works undertaken through adaptation activities may result in enhanced protection of coastal and marine cultural and historic assets from storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics
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Page 102 of 219 Objective NH 1: The overall health of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Clyde Marine Region and the ecosystem services they provide are protected and enhanced, particularly with regard to achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for the relevant Marine Protected Area network sites, other coastal designated sites, Priority Marine Features (irrespective of location), and other protected habitats and species. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy - + S/T P/L The objective ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. It protects marine assets in the Region and maintains the potential to utilise them in the future. The objective may have a negative effect by limiting where some businesses may operate, creating barriers to new marine enterprises. For example, since the introduction of Marine Protected Areas in the CMR, the local fishing industry have reported that a number of boats and jobs have been lost as a result of these protections, with a loss of income to the Clyde marine economy. It is not clear what effect this objective will have on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. This is dependent on the location and extent of any protection or enhancement activities. Society + 0 P/L There is no impact identified on accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities or promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. This objective is not expected to have any effects on altering the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities. This objective can have a positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. It can also have a positive benefit in terms of improving or maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Objective NH 2: Development and use of the marine and coastal environment, in combination with measures to protect habitats and species, have an overall positive impact on biodiversity and the health of the Clyde ecosystem. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, HRA). Where an impact is uncertain it is expected further determination of This objective seeks to ensure there is an overall positive impact on biodiversity and the health of the ecosystem through the combined measures of well-considered development which may in some cases contribute to enhancement of habitats and species and use of the region and protection measures, therefore the objective is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna. There would also be positive impacts on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes, depending on the measures carried out and what species and habitats these are directed at. These combined benefits would ensure positive outcomes for population and human health as people would be able to enjoy ongoing benefits from these natural assets as they are protected. Increased benefits could be experienced where these natural assets are maintained and/ or enhanced. Therefore, the continued use and enjoyment of the marine and coastal environment, particularly for recreational activities, would be enabled and people would continue to derive therapeutic and recreational benefits from the environment. Population and human health + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes +
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Page 103 of 219 Objective NH 2: Development and use of the marine and coastal environment, in combination with measures to protect habitats and species, have an overall positive impact on biodiversity and the health of the Clyde ecosystem. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water + Se this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. This objective could have secondary positive impacts on the water environment. Protection of habitats and species ensures that where their functions contribute to improved water quality, they can continue to do so. Where enhancement actions are undertaken this will increase the positive impact. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L Similarly to water quality, this objective could have secondary positive impacts on climatic factors. The objective has a positive impact as it seeks to minimise the negative impact on habitats and species, including those which have a role in climate change mitigation (carbon sinks such as seagrasses, kelp and some seabed sediments). This will have a positive contribution to climate change mitigation, and the positive impact will be greater where enhancement activities are carried out. Ensuring the protection and in certain cases enhancement of natural heritage in the marine environment can also improve its resilience and capacity to adapt in the face of climate change impacts. Material assets + P/T There may be indirect positive impacts on material assets, as a result to benefits achieved through this objective to services such as natural flood protection, as the natural heritage features which support this service are protected/enhanced which in turn can offer improved protection to some material assets located at the coast. Cultural heritage ? There may be indirect benefits for cultural heritage, dependent on siting and context. Protection or enhancement works undertaken through climate change adaptation activities may result in enhanced protection of coastal and marine cultural and historic assets from storm surges, flooding and coastal erosion. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - P/L The objective ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. The objective protects marine assets in the Region and maintains the potential to utilise them in the future. The objective may have a negative effect by limiting where some businesses may operate, creating barriers to new marine enterprises. It is not clear what effect this objective will have on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. This is dependent on the location and extent of any protection or enhancement activities. Society + 0 P/L There is no impact identified on the accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities nor on promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. This objective is not expected to have any effect on supporting a reduction of the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities. This objective can have a positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. It can also have a positive benefit in terms of maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience.
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Page 104 of 219 Objective NH 3: Knowledge and data on marine and coastal species, habitats and ecosystems within the Clyde Marine Region are improved to identify opportunities for their protection and enhancement and to inform sustainable development. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. This objective will have a positive impact; increased knowledge and data on marine and coastal features will contribute to conserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It will also contribute to the prevention of damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. It can also contribute to the achievement of GEnvS and GEcS, meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. Similarly, the objective can ensure the ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of geodiversity and their natural processes. Improved data and knowledge can prevent damage to important geological sites, including the benefits they provide. Improved knowledge and data can contribute to avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. These impacts contribute to healthy ecosystems, both biodiversity and geodiversity and this in turn has a positive impact on population and human health, ensuring that humans can continue to derive benefits from enhancements to the marine and coastal environment. It also reduces the risk to human health that may arise from a degraded environment, water pollution, flood risk, coastal erosion, etc. Population and human health + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ++ Water + Improved knowledge and data on the water environment will have a positive impact on water, and can contribute to achieving and maintaining GEnvS and GEcS, meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. Air 0 No effect is identified. Climatic factors + This objective encompasses improved knowledge and data on marine and coastal features which act as carbon sinks (e.g. seagrasses, kelp and some seabed sediments). This will have a positive contribution to climate change mitigation and the Region’s contribution to climate change mitigation in a timely and commensurate way. Ensuring the protection and enhancement of natural heritage in the marine environment can also improve its resilience and capacity to adapt in the face of climate change impacts. The objective also specifies the identification of adaptation options, further contributing to adaptation measures. Material assets + This objective seeks to improve knowledge and data of marine and coastal natural features to inform sustainable development. This can inform best suited and appropriate placement of material assets such as flood defences and energy and telecommunications infrastructure. Cultural heritage + 0 Se Improved knowledge and data of marine and coastal natural features could provide indirect benefits to the protection and enhancement of the historic marine environment by contributing data and knowledge on cultural heritage. In particular, it may enhance our knowledge of unknown coastal and marine archaeology. It will have no effect on avoiding adverse impacts on the character and setting of historic sites and the benefits they provide. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics
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Page 105 of 219 Objective NH 3: Knowledge and data on marine and coastal species, habitats and ecosystems within the Clyde Marine Region are improved to identify opportunities for their protection and enhancement and to inform sustainable development. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + 0 P/L This objective can support the development of a sustainable marine economy by contributing to the knowledge base of natural heritage features to help guide appropriate placements of marine and coastal developments and activities, ensuring they take place in the most appropriate locations. This supports such operations in the long term and ensures that growth of the marine economy is undertaken in a sustainable way. The objective does not affect barriers to new marine enterprises and no effect is identified on safeguarding and/or creating jobs, except within the environmental sector depending on funding. Society + 0 P/L The objective has a positive effect on society as it can contribute to a community’s sense of place through better knowledge of the Region and it can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users. No impact is identified on supporting a reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. Policy NH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should a) demonstrate that they have considered the potential for cumulative impacts affecting the marine and coastal environment; b) ensure that there are no significant adverse impacts on the national status of Priority Marine Features; and c) demonstrate how any potential significant adverse impacts on Marine Protected Areas, or Priority Marine Features have been avoided, minimised and/or appropriately mitigated SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. This policy restates existing legislative requirements in place both within the NMP and in other legislation/policy and synthesises key environmental protection measures. The inclusion within the CRMP reiterates the duty to protect and where appropriate enhance marine and coastal natural heritage, supporting delivery of these policies in the Region. This policy will have a positive effect on biodiversity, flora and fauna; population and human health; and sediments, marine geology, coastal processes and water quality. The policy also promotes the achievement of GEnvS and GEcS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. Population and human health ++ Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes ++ Water + Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + Se This policy encompasses protection of habitats and Priority Marine Features which act as carbon sinks (e.g. seagrasses, kelp and some seabed sediments). This will have a positive contribution to climate change mitigation. Ensuring the protection and enhancement of natural heritage in the marine environment can also improve its resilience and capacity to adapt in the face of climate change impacts. Material assets + Se There may be indirect positive impacts on material assets, as a result to the benefits achieved through this objective to services such as natural flood protection, as the natural heritage features which support this service are protected/ enhanced which in turn can offer improved protection to some material assets located at the coast.
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Page 106 of 219 Policy NH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should a) demonstrate that they have considered the potential for cumulative impacts affecting the marine and coastal environment; b) ensure that there are no significant adverse impacts on the national status of Priority Marine Features; and c) demonstrate how any potential significant adverse impacts on Marine Protected Areas, or Priority Marine Features have been avoided, minimised and/or appropriately mitigated SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage + Se There may be an indirect positive impact on cultural heritage assets, whereby protection and enhancement measures can support species and habitats which can offer secondary protection to assets, for example by reducing the likelihood of coastal erosion or flooding. Landscape/ seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - This policy supports existing policy and legislation, supporting its implementation at a regional level and therefore will have a limited negative impact on the marine economy as does not introduce additional constraints and/or considerations for marine enterprises operating within the Region, except for the requirement to consider birds that have been identified as declining. Depending on circumstances, this consideration may also already be covered by existing legislation. It is not clear how this policy will safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors, except within the environmental sector depending on funding. For example, since the introduction of Marine Protected Areas in the CMR, the local fishing industry have reported that a number of boats and jobs have been lost as a result of these protections, with a loss of income to the Clyde marine economy. More analysis of this is expected through a Marine Directorate Report. The policy does not introduce additional requirements which are not already in place, apart from the use of appropriate tools and this is not anticipated as being significantly onerous and as having a significant negative effect. The SA for the NMP states that the related policy within the NMP will have a positive effect on supporting the development of a sustainable marine economy, as it encourages the incorporation of broader environmental impacts into planning and decision-making. The impact of the policy will also be positive as it seeks to ensure the long-term sustainability of the Region’s resources and assets, and this in turn promotes the longevity of marine enterprises that rely on the Region’s resources for continued productivity. Society + 0 There is no impact identified on the accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities or promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. This policy is not expected to have any effect on supporting the reduction of the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities. This policy can have a positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. It can also have a positive benefit in terms of improving or maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment.
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Page 107 of 219 Policy NH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered the following where relevant: a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives55; b) supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy56,57; c) opportunities to enhance biodiversity and associated ecosystem services; d) potential significant impacts on bird species that have been identified as declining through the use of appropriate tools and/or methods. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L The policy supports enhancement and/or restoration of various aspects of the marine and coastal environment where possible, and it requires development(s) and/or activities to consider what measures they can contribute to, so therefore is considered to be positive, where enhancement measures can be carried out. The policy asks proposals to consider how they can actively contribute to the conservation objectives of designated sites, which goes further than other policies and existing legislation which requires the protection measures to be adhered to. Consideration of supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish biodiversity strategy contributes to and aligns with existing legislation. It also asks where possible for data to be shared which can contribute to better knowledge of the marine environment and inform on the best locations for particular proposals. Measures e-g brings in wider consideration of potential impact of proposals to non-designated areas that can support PMFs and protected species and sharing data to central data bases can contribute to our overall knowledge of the environment and support protection and enhancement work in the future. Overall the policy supports wider consideration of habitats and the environment as a whole and contribute to the SEA objectives for biodiversity, flora and fauna. Population and human health The policy is positive, as where it is possible for proposals to support the measures set out within the policy, this will deliver positive outcomes for biodiversity, flora and fauna, ensuring healthy ecosystems, which is ultimately a positive outcome for human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes The policy is positive for this SEA topic as it can contribute to ensuring ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable geodiversity and associated sediments, seabed and the natural processes supported by these features. The policy can also contribute to avoiding exacerbating coastal erosion and to maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide and ensure that the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding is not detrimentally affected (e.g. through measures d) and f). 55 This information for each of the designated sites is available on SiteLink (https://bit.ly/37v12eZ). Note there is no specific management advice/guidance for the Inner Clyde RAMSAR site, however the boundaries of the Inner Clyde SPA and SSSI are coincident and the SPA Conservation Objectives and SSSI Citation and Operations Requiring Consent should be used. 56 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (https://bit.ly/38KmkWc). 57 Wetlands - protecting Ramsar sites: updated Scottish Government policy (https://bit.ly/3Sohie5)
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Page 108 of 219 Policy NH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered the following where relevant: a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives55; b) supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy56,57; c) opportunities to enhance biodiversity and associated ecosystem services; d) potential significant impacts on bird species that have been identified as declining through the use of appropriate tools and/or methods. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water + Enhancement of certain species and habitats can contribute to improved water quality and in maintaining clean and safe waters for swimming and other recreational activities and economic activities, such as aquaculture, therefore the policy is positive for this SEA topic. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + The policy can have a positive impact if it leads to the enhancement of species which act as carbon stores (e.g. seagrass habitats) and can provide mitigation for climate change and it contributes to the enhancement of habitats and species which contribute to adaptation (e.g. kelp forests which can buffer coastal areas for storminess and act as a buffer against wave action). Material assets + There may be indirect benefits if the enhancements noted above in climatic factors are realised, as these can contribute to protection of material assets. Cultural heritage + Se There may be indirect benefits to cultural heritage assets, afforded by protection arising as a result of enhancement to habitats which can protect cultural and historic assets from adverse environmental conditions, for example those set out in climactic factors. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy - + ? S/T P/L The policy may have a negative impact in terms of the additional constraints and/or considerations that need to be taken into account when developing proposals. Consideration of these additional factors may result in additional operational costs, depending on the type and location of the development and/or activity and which enhancement activity it is able to contribute to. This policy may limit where certain activities can take place, for example if they are detrimental to any identified buffer zones. This policy could prevent barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, though this is not clear and would dependant on the type and location of activity and enhancement measures the proposal would demonstrate. In the long term this policy supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors, and ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources. It is not clear what impact this policy has on protection of marine assets or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. Society + 0 P/L This policy can contribute to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage which may be a consequence of enhancement of the natural environment. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or in supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities.
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Page 109 of 219 Policy NH 3: Proposals for biodiversity and/or ecosystem enhancement will be encouraged to demonstrate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and take potential climate change impacts on the proposal into account. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L As for NH 2 as both policies deal with enhancement measures being delivered, however this policy is broader and applies to all/any enhancement measures that could be carried out by proposals. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water + Air 0 Climatic factors + Material assets Cultural heritage + Se Landscape/seascape 0 SA topics Marine economy + ? P/L The impacts on the marine economy from this policy are similar to that explained for policy NH 2, except this policy is voluntary and only encourages ecosystem enhancement, therefore it is anticipated that the negative impact will be negated, as businesses and proposals will be allowed to carry out enhancement at their own discretion, having judged the potential negative impact. Society + 0 P/L As for policy NH 2 Policy NH 4: Proposals for development and/or use that may limit the ability of diadromous fish species and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Clyde Marine Region should demonstrate that they have considered if suitable mitigation measures are in place and there should be no significant adverse impacts. Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Mitigation: No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The policy is positive as it ensures that where developments/activities may impact wild salmon and diadromous fish, they are taken into account and mitigation measures are put in place to ensure there are minimal negative impacts on these species’ ability to migrate. Population and human health + The policy is positive for population and human health as it generally prevents the migration of wild salmon and diadromous fish from being impeded, supporting the delivery of healthy ecosystems and ensuring benefits can continue to be delivered to support human health and wellbeing.
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Page 110 of 219 Policy NH 4: Proposals for development and/or use that may limit the ability of diadromous fish species and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Clyde Marine Region should demonstrate that they have considered if suitable mitigation measures are in place and there should be no significant adverse impacts. Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L This policy supports and aligns with existing legislation and therefore is not introducing additional measures. The policy is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy, it also ensures sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. It is not anticipated that the policy will have any impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors, although there may be a marginal increase in economic activity relating to angling. Society + 0 P/L This policy can have a positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine- related heritage. It can also have a positive benefit in terms of improving or maintaining the experiences of recreational users (i.e. anglers) of the marine and coastal environment. There is no effect identified on the accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities or promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. This policy is not expected to support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities.
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Page 111 of 219 Recommendation rNH 1: Where a licence is not required, users carrying out small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed are encouraged to consider the potential ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities within proximity to each other. Communication between users carrying out seaweed harvesting operations within proximity to each other is encouraged. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The extent of small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed in the Region is limited, however this recommendation is positive as, although voluntary it encourages those carrying out these activities to consider the wider impact of their activities, where it may be happening in close proximity to other small-scale hand harvesting activities. Multiple small-scale activities taking place in close proximity can have a negative impact and reduce the integrity of the ecosystems which the harvested seaweeds are part of. This recommendation encourages the wider consideration of the impact of these activities on the marine and coastal environment. Seaweed forms an important part of ecosystem functioning and can provide a range of services, such as acting as a climate sink, nursery habitat or buffer against severe wave action during storm events. Ensuring it is harvested in a sustainable and responsible manner will protect associated biodiversity, flora and fauna which rely on this component of the ecosystem. Population and human health + P/L The recommendation is positive for population and human health as ensuring the sustainable gathering of wild seaweed protects the wider habitats and species that rely on seaweed. It supports the delivery of healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, ensuring benefits can continue to be delivered to support human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L This recommendation can have a minor positive impact as, depending on the potential cumulative impact of multiple seaweed gathering operations and the location, it can act as a buffer against severe wave action during storm events, reducing the risk of coastal erosion. Ensuring wild seaweed is gathering sustainably can also reduce the risk of increasing sedimentation which affects turbidity in the water column and can have secondary/indirect negative impacts on other biodiversity. Water + Se The recommendation will have a minor indirect positive impact on water. Ensuring wild seaweed is gathered sustainably can also reduce the risk of increasing sedimentation which affects turbidity in the water column and can have secondary/indirect negative impacts on other biodiversity. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + Se The recommendation may have indirect benefits for climate change mitigation as it may result in the protection and enhancement of species and habitats which act as carbon sinks. Material assets + 0 Se There may be positive impacts on material assets, as a result to benefits achieved through this objective to services such as natural flood protection, as the natural heritage features which support this service are protected/enhanced which in turn can offer improved protection to some material assets located at the coast. Cultural heritage 0 No impact is identified. Landscape/seascape SA topics
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Page 112 of 219 Recommendation rNH 1: Where a licence is not required, users carrying out small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed are encouraged to consider the potential ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities within proximity to each other. Communication between users carrying out seaweed harvesting operations within proximity to each other is encouraged. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + P/L This recommendation is positive as it promotes development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, it also ensures sustainable use of the Region’s wild seaweed resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. This policy supports the development of businesses related to seaweed gathering that are also in line with appropriate guidance, and where this is the case this can also safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the CMR. Society + 0 P/L There is no effect identified on the accessibility and connectivity of island and coastal communities or promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. This recommendation is not expected to have any impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and equality for all communities. This recommendation can have indirect positive effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. It can also have a positive benefit in terms of improving or maintaining the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, especially in areas where seaweed has a role in mitigating the impacts of climate change. Non-Native Species Objective NNS 1: The risk of introduction and spread of non-native species is reduced in the Clyde Marine Region through improved management of the known pathways. The impacts of non- native species on both the ecosystem and the economy are minimised. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The objective is positive and provides benefits to species and habitats that are vulnerable or sensitive to non-native species. More broadly, this objective can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of the ecosystem (if there is less risk of non-native species being present in the environment then this presents less risk to the integrity of ecosystems) and their interactions. Preventing the spread of non-native species can also prevent damage occurring to important biological sites and protected species, and the benefits they provide. This objective can also contribute to meeting the requirements of the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) (particularly descriptor 1&258). Non-native species can impact on the integrity of the water environment and on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes; this objective is positive as it reduces the risk of non-native species entering the Region. The benefits derived to biodiversity, flora and fauna will ensure that people can continue to enjoy biodiversity into the future and it can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 58 Descriptor 1: Biodiversity is maintained. Descriptor 2: Non-indigenous species do not adversely alter the ecosystem.
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Page 113 of 219 Objective NNS 1: The risk of introduction and spread of non-native species is reduced in the Clyde Marine Region through improved management of the known pathways. The impacts of non- native species on both the ecosystem and the economy are minimised. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets + P/L Non-native species have the potential to become invasive and can be very destructive to both the natural and man-made environment. This objective is positive for material assets as it can prevent potential damage to material assets (e.g. waste water infrastructure, aquaculture assets, flood protection, machinery and recreational infrastructure). Cultural heritage + Non-native species could present a threat to cultural heritage if they become established on cultural heritage features. There is potential for this objective to be positive for cultural heritage as it can prevent this from happening and thus prevents damage or adverse impacts from occurring to the character and setting of historic sites, archaeology, other features and the benefits they provide. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - P/L S/T The impacts are mixed for the marine economy. Implementing improved management of known pathways to reduce the risk of non-native species being introduced and spreading throughout the Region may present additional operating costs to some businesses (and therefore could increase barriers to new marine enterprises). However, the potential benefits in reducing the spread of non-native species into the Region prevent adverse impacts on important and sensitive habitats and species, which some businesses may be reliant on. In addition, invasive non-native species can present significant cost to some businesses through the damage they can generate (clogging, smothering and disabling machinery, water intakes and other structures such as lock gates, pontoons, boat hulls and other underwater structures). These impacts would have implications on the safeguarding and/or creation of jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. This objective can overall support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the CMR. Society + 0 Reducing the risk of introduction and spread of non-native species can contribute to improving access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation, contributing to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine- related heritage, and can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access (e.g. non-native species can negatively impact the functionality of infrastructure if it becomes covered or damaged by non-native species) and quality of experience as it reduces the risk of non-native species from having a detrimental impact on the coastal and marine environment. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, on promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation, on supporting the reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion or on promoting equality for all communities.
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Page 114 of 219 Policy NNS 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they have minimised the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species affecting seabirds and/or the ecological or recreational value of coastal habitats. Proposals should refer to the Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice. Where relevant, a site- or operation-based biosecurity plan should be developed in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The measures within this policy support policy GEN 10 of the NMP and support its implementation at a Regional level, particularly as this policy makes references to specific regional guidance and provides additional detail on measures to consider to reduce the introduction and spread of non-native species. The policy is positive and provides benefits to species and habitats that are vulnerable or sensitive to non-native species. More broadly, this policy can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of the ecosystem (if there is less risk of non-native species being present in the environment then this reduces the threat to the integrity of ecosystems caused by non-native species) and their interactions. Preventing the spread of non-native species can also prevent damage occurring to important biological sites and protected species, and the benefits they provide. This policy can also contribute to meeting the requirements of the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) (particularly descriptor 1&2). Non-native species can impact on the integrity of the water environment and on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes; this policy is positive as it reduces the risk of non-native species entering and/or spreading the Region. The benefits derived from biodiversity, flora and fauna will ensure that people can continue to enjoy biodiversity into the future and it can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets + P/L Non-native species have the potential to become invasive and can be very destructive to both the natural and man-made environment. This policy is positive for material assets as it can prevent potential damage to material assets (e.g. waste water infrastructure, aquaculture assets, flood protection, machinery and recreational infrastructure). Cultural heritage Non-native species could present a threat to cultural heritage if they become established on or around cultural heritage features. This policy is positive for cultural heritage as it can prevent this from happening and thus prevents damage or adverse impacts from occurring to the character and setting of historic sites, archaeology, other features and the benefits they provide. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - P/L S/T The impacts are mixed for the marine economy. Although the measures within this policy are already in place through existing legislation and good practice guidelines including policy GEN 10 of the NMP, implementing improved management of main pathways to reduce the risk of non-native species being introduced and spreading throughout the Region may present additional operating costs to some businesses (and therefore could increase barriers to new marine enterprises), particularly as this policy requires the consideration of specific regional guidance. However, the benefits in reducing the spread of non- native species into the Region may outweigh negative impacts, such as increased costs, as they prevent adverse impacts on important and sensitive habitats, which some businesses may rely on. In addition, invasive non-native species can present significant costs to some businesses through the damage they can generate (clogging, smothering and disabling machinery, water intakes and other structures such as lock gates, pontoons, boat hulls and other underwater structures). These impacts would have implications on the safeguarding and/or creation of jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. Overall, this policy can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the CMR.
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Page 115 of 219 Policy NNS 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they have minimised the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species affecting seabirds and/or the ecological or recreational value of coastal habitats. Proposals should refer to the Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice. Where relevant, a site- or operation-based biosecurity plan should be developed in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + 0 Reducing the risk of introduction and spread of non-native species can contribute to improving access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation, contributing to communities’ sense of place including protection of and access to marine- related heritage (e.g. non-native species can negatively impact the functionality of infrastructure if it becomes covered or damaged by non-native species) and can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience as it reduces the risk of non-native species having a detrimental impact on the coastal and marine environment. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion or on promoting equality for all communities. Recommendation rNNS 1: Initiatives are encouraged to research, eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Furthering research, eradication or schemes which aid prevention of non-native species will have wide ranging benefits across the SA objectives for these topics (see comments for Objective NNS 1 and Policy NNS 1). These initiatives will ultimately have the impact of contributing to the achievement of the objectives, through conserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets + P/L As above for the first four SEA Topics. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The marine economy can benefit from further research, eradication or schemes which aid prevention of non-native species. Such initiatives can further support the development of a sustainable marine economy and prevent damage to the marine environment which may impact on the operation and efficient running of marine businesses. In addition, these initiatives may not involve any costs to marine businesses, but they can still benefit from the outcomes and findings. This recommendation may safeguard and/or create jobs within the environmental sector, depending on funding. No impact is identified on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities or safeguarding and/or creating jobs.
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Page 116 of 219 Recommendation rNNS 1: Initiatives are encouraged to research, eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + 0 P/L Society can also benefit from such initiatives, as they ultimately may impact on maintaining access (e.g. non-native species can negatively impact the functionality of infrastructure if it becomes covered or damaged by non-native species) to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation, protection of and access to marine-related heritage and maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities nor on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion, and promoting equality for all communities. Recommendation rNNS 2: All marine users in the Clyde Marine Region should: a) conform to the Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-native species, the voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan, b) proactively consider the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, c) put in place biosecurity management measures to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, and d) where relevant, develop a site-, event- or operation-based biosecurity plan in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The recommendation is positive, as it reinforces best practice measures which can ultimately provide benefits to species and habitats that are vulnerable or sensitive to non-native species. This recommendation can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of the ecosystem (if there is less risk of non-native species being present in the environment then this presents less risk to the integrity of ecosystems) and their interactions. Preventing the spread of non-native species can also prevent damage occurring to important biological sites and protected species, and the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also contribute to meeting the requirements of the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 and the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) (particularly descriptor 1&2). Non-native species can impact on the integrity of the water environment and on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes; this policy is positive as it reduces the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species around the Region. The benefits derived from biodiversity, flora and fauna will ensure that people can continue to enjoy biodiversity into the future and it can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets + Non-native species have the potential to become invasive and can be very destructive to both the natural and man-made environment. This recommendation is positive for material assets as putting biosecurity management measures in place can minimise the risk of potential damage to material assets (e.g. waste water infrastructure, flood protection, machinery and recreational infrastructure).
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Page 117 of 219 Recommendation rNNS 2: All marine users in the Clyde Marine Region should: a) conform to the Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-native species, the voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan, b) proactively consider the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, c) put in place biosecurity management measures to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, and d) where relevant, develop a site-, event- or operation-based biosecurity plan in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage + Non-native species could present a threat to cultural heritage if they become established on or around cultural heritage features. This recommendation is positive for cultural heritage as it can prevent this from happening and thus prevent damage or adverse impacts from occurring to the character and setting of historic sites, archaeology, other features and the benefits they provide to local communities and society as a whole. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy - + S/T P/L This recommendation can support the overall development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, and although it is a voluntary recommendation, if applied the results are mixed for their impact on the marine economy. Implementing biosecurity management measures to reduce the risk of non-native species being introduced and spreading throughout the Region may present additional operating costs to some businesses (and therefore could present a small increase in barriers to new marine enterprises). However, the benefits in reducing the spread of non-native species into the Region may outweigh the negative impact of additional costs as they prevent adverse impacts on important and sensitive habitats and species, which some businesses may rely on. In addition, invasive non-native species can present a significant cost to some businesses through the damage they can generate (clogging, smothering and disabling machinery, water intakes and other structures such as lock gates, pontoons, boat hulls and other underwater structures). These impacts would have implications on the safeguarding and/or creation of jobs. Society + 0 Reducing the risk of introduction and spread of non-native species can contribute to improving access (e.g. non-native species can negatively impact the functionality of infrastructure if it becomes covered or damaged by non-native species) to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation as it reduces the risk of non-native species having a detrimental impact on the coastal and marine environment. Improved access can contribute to communities’ sense of place including protection of and access to marine-related heritage and can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, on promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation, on supporting the reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion or on promoting equality for all communities.
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Page 118 of 219 Marine Litter Objective ML 1: Development(s) and/or use does not contribute to marine litter in the Clyde Marine Region (SD2). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The objective is positive as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter entering the environment, which promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This objective can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity. Marine wildlife can ingest or become entangled in marine litter, causing death or false satiation effects, leading to increased mortality. Marine litter can also act as a vector for invasive and non-native species. Microplastics are pervasive throughout the marine and coastal environment and present additional risks, as they are difficult to remove completely from the environment. Nurdles are also present on beaches within the Region. The objective is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. In particular, sewage related debris and other marine litter accumulating on beaches and any accessible coastline present a public health issue, as well as a deterrent to recreation and tourism. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degrading of this important feature on the shore. Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Contributing to the circular economy can have a positive impact across all these topics. A circular economic system is based on reducing waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use and regenerating natural systems. This can provide benefits across all topics and provide wider, positive benefits across society. Although the majority of marine litter entering the marine environment comes from terrestrial sources, this objective can contribute to a reduction in marine litter and forms part of a suite of objectives which consider different sources of marine litter. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + 0 P/L Water + P/L Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + 0 P/L This objective is positive as moving towards the circular economy can contribute to climate change mitigation. A circular economy promotes less production, which can result in reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore contributes to climate change mitigation efforts in the Region. There is no impact identified on adaptation activities. Material assets 0 No impact is identified on material assets. However, this objective ensures that future developments, which may be contributing to material assets within the Clyde (e.g. energy infrastructure, waste water management, flood management structures), do not contribute to marine litter in the Region. Cultural heritage + 0 P/L This objective can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified.
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Page 119 of 219 Objective ML 1: Development(s) and/or use does not contribute to marine litter in the Clyde Marine Region (SD2). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text SA topics Marine economy - + Negative impact – depends on the nature of the developmen t or structure, could be S/T or ongoing. P/L Marine litter can present various threats/risks to a number of marine industries. It can be a threat to fisheries operations as gear can snag on large objects on the seabed, damaging gear and increasing the risk of capsizing. Objects caught in nets cost time to remove, resulting in lost fishing time and potentially damaged gear. Floating marine litter can present a hazard to recreational craft, both through collision and through entanglement of ropes and other floating debris in propellers. The objective is positive as it can reduce these risks to various sectors and ultimately reduce operational costs or time lost. Promoting contribution to a circular economy supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, across a range of sectors. The objective has mixed impacts and can be negative for some sectors undertaking marine and coastal related development. Ensuring that structures and developments do not contribute to marine litter may lead to additional construction and maintenance costs. It is not clear if this will create barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities or have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 The objective is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or on poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Objective ML 2: Development(s) and/or use seek to contribute to the circular economy (SD3). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Mitigation: No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The objective is positive as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter entering the environment, which promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This objective can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have a variety of negative impacts on these SEA Topics, as noted under the explanatory text for Objective ML 1. The majority of marine litter enters the marine environment from terrestrial sources, therefore seeking to reduce riverine inputs can have a positive impact on reducing the amount of litter which enters the marine environment this way. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets
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Page 120 of 219 Objective ML 2: Development(s) and/or use seek to contribute to the circular economy (SD3). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage + P/L This objective can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy 0 It is unlikely this objective will have any impact on the marine economy or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. This objective may present additional costs for terrestrial businesses, where they contribute to litter entering the marine environment. Society + 0 P/L The objective is positive as it can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. It may also have a positive impact on improving a communities’ sense of place, through protection of marine related heritage. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation, access to marine related heritage or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Objective ML 3: An increase in beach and riverine cleaning activities and data collected through such activities which contribute to the evidence base on marine litter (SD1&4) within the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The objective is positive as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter in the environment, which promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This objective can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have a variety of negative impacts on these SEA Topics, as noted under the explanatory text for Objective ML 1. Increasing data collected thorough such activities helps to identify sources of litter, among other things, which helps to targets action on litter reduction, further alleviating the problem. The majority of marine litter enters the marine environment from terrestrial sources, therefore including riverine inputs in cleaning activities is important. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L This objective is positive for cultural heritage. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified.
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Page 121 of 219 Objective ML 3: An increase in beach and riverine cleaning activities and data collected through such activities which contribute to the evidence base on marine litter (SD1&4) within the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L Some industries may benefit from litter cleaning activities, as it improves the environment which many rely on to support their industry. Data collected and contributed to the evidence base on marine litter can also benefit these industries, as this may lead to further activities and outputs which ultimately reduce marine litter in the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified for the other objectives under this SA Topic area as it is assumed that the majority of work would be of a voluntary nature. Society + 0 P/L The objective is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine- related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Policy ML 1: Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. This policy supports the delivery of NMP GEN 11 at a Regional level. The policy is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter entering the environment from marine and coastal developments and the accidental loss of Nurdles, flakes or powder. This supports biodiversity, flora and fauna, promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems as it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, (including the benefits they provide) that may arise from exposure to marine litter and plastic nurdles, flakes or powder. This policy can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for Descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The policy is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Marine litter, plastic nurdles, flakes or power can become entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degrading of this important feature on the shore. Litter, plastic nurdles, flakes or powder can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water
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Page 122 of 219 Policy ML 1: Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Although litter, plastic nurdles, flakes and powder is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter/plastics can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. Therefore, this policy contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Contributing to a circular economy can have a positive impact across all these topics. A circular economic system is based on reducing waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use and regenerating natural systems. This can provide benefits across all topics and provide wider, positive benefits across society. Although the majority of marine litter, plastic nurdles, flakes or powder entering the marine environment comes from terrestrial sources, this policy can contribute to a reduction in marine litter and forms part of a suite of policies which consider different sources of marine litter and their contribution to the overall problem. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + P/L This policy is positive as moving towards the circular economy can contribute to climate change mitigation. A circular economy promotes less production, which can result in reduced greenhouse gas emissions, therefore contributing to climate change mitigation efforts in the CMR. There is no impact identified on adaptation activities. Material assets 0 No impact is identified on material assets. However, this policy ensures that future developments, which may be contributing to material assets within the Clyde (e.g. energy infrastructure, waste water management, flood management structures), do not contribute to marine litter in the Region. Cultural heritage + P/L This policy can have a positive impact. Marine litter, plastic nurdles, flakes and powder can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - ? P/L S/T Marine litter can present various threats/risks to a number of marine industries. It can be a threat to fisheries operations as gear can snag on large objects on the seabed, damaging gear and increasing the risk of capsizing. Objects caught in nets cost time to remove, resulting in lost fishing time and potentially damaged gear. Floating marine litter can present a hazard to recreational craft, both through collision and through entanglement of ropes and other floating debris in propellers. The policy is positive as it can reduce these risks to various sectors and ultimately reduce operational costs or lost time. Promoting contribution to a circular economy also supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, across a range of sectors. However, the policy has mixed impacts and can be negative in terms of the additional costs associated with developing a litter minimisation and management plan. Ensuring that structures and developments do not contribute to marine litter for the lifespan of the proposal may lead to additional construction and maintenance costs, however this policy supports GEN 11 of the NMP and the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland. Additional costs may also occur where measures are put in place
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Page 123 of 219 Policy ML 1: Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text to avoid the accidental release of plastic nurdles, flakes or powder. It is not clear if this will create barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities of have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 P/L The policy is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Policy ML 2: Waste water infrastructure should be designed, wherever practicable, to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment through watercourses or any other pathway. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The policy is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the contribution of litter entering the environment through waste water infrastructure. A reduction in marine litter supports biodiversity, flora and fauna as it promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This policy can also help contribute towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The policy is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Sewage related debris which may enter the marine and coastal environment through the waste water treatment system can be a risk to public health. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degrading of this important feature on the shore. Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. Therefore, this policy contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors
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Page 124 of 219 Policy ML 2: Waste water infrastructure should be designed, wherever practicable, to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment through watercourses or any other pathway. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Material assets + 0 P/L This policy is positive for waste water infrastructure, as incorrect disposal of terrestrial litter (e.g. flushing wet wipes and cotton buds) causes damage to the waste water treatment system and overflows not to function properly. An improved design in waste water infrastructure would improve the overall functioning of this material asset. No impact is identified on other material assets. Cultural heritage + P/L This policy can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + 0 - P/L S/T The type of marine litter released into the marine and coastal environment via waste water infrastructure can present a threat in particular to industries that rely on good water quality, such as aquaculture and sport, recreation and tourism. . The policy is positive as it can reduce these risks to these sectors and potentially prevent loss of business and operational costs or lost time. This policy supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the region and ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine assets (high level of marine litter can also lead to maintenance coasts of waste water infrastructure). There is no impact identified on creating barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities nor on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support new or existing sectors While not a marine economy, improvements in waste water infrastructure would lead to additional cost to the owner. Society +, 0 P/L The policy is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Recommendation rML 1: Through the Fishing for Litter scheme, or other similar schemes, port or harbour operators are encouraged to provide facilities to fishing vessels to dispose of any litter collected. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The recommendation is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the amount of marine litter found in the sea and on the sea bed by facilitating its removal from the marine environment through increasing opportunities to participate in the Fishing for Litter scheme and it supports the circular economy through other schemes, such as those which encourage recycling of old gear. A reduction in marine litter supports biodiversity, flora and fauna as it promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations Population and human health + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes +
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Page 125 of 219 Recommendation rML 1: Through the Fishing for Litter scheme, or other similar schemes, port or harbour operators are encouraged to provide facilities to fishing vessels to dispose of any litter collected. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The recommendation is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degrading of this important feature on the shore. Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. This policy contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L This recommendation can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L Marine litter can present various threats/risks to a number of marine industries. It can be a threat to fisheries operations as gear can snag on large objects on the seabed, damaging gear and increasing the risk of capsizing. Objects caught in nets cost time to remove, resulting in lost fishing time and potentially damaged gear. Floating marine litter can present a hazard to recreational craft, both through collision and through entanglement of ropes and other floating debris in propellers. The recommendation is positive as it can reduce these risks to various sectors and ultimately reduce operational costs or lost time. Fishing For Litter is a voluntary scheme which is fully funded, so there is no cost to port/harbour operators in providing facilities to fishing vessels to take part. There may be operational considerations related to the storage and emptying of skips. There is no impact identified on barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities or any impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 P/L The recommendation is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine- related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities.
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Page 126 of 219 Recommendation rML 2: Businesses and organisations managing or handling plastic pellets, flakes or powders (nurdles), including shippers, transporters and recyclers, should adopt best practice guidance to prevent these plastics from entering waste water treatment systems and/or the marine environment. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The recommendation is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the amount of marine litter in particular plastic nurdles, flakes or powders. This type of plastic litter in particular can become highly pervasive throughout a whole ecosystem, breaking down into smaller pieces. When ingested by marine animals, plastic nurdles, flakes or powders can cause false satiation effects, leading to reduced fitness or increased mortality. Overall, a reduction in marine litter supports biodiversity, flora and fauna as it promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The recommendation is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degrading of this important feature on the shore. Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. This recommendation contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 Additional costs may occur where measures are put in place to avoid the accidental release of plastic nurdles, flakes or powder, however this recommendation is voluntary and so businesses will be able to implement this at their own discretion so that it does not have an overly burdensome negative impact. Society + 0 P/L The recommendation is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine- related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities.
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Page 127 of 219 Recommendation rML 3: Development(s) and/or use in the marine and coastal environment should take measures to address marine litter entering the marine environment and should consider opportunities to contribute to the circular economy, for example by recycling old equipment. Initiatives which facilitate this are supported. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The recommendation is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter entering the environment from existing marine and coastal developments and supports the circular economy, which promotes sustainability. This can reduce marine litter from structures and developments in place and support Policy ML 1 in ensuring existing marine and coastal development does not add to the level of marine litter in the marine environment. This supports biodiversity, flora and fauna as it promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The recommendation is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. This can lead to the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal, resulting in the loss or degradation of this important feature on the shore. Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. Therefore, this policy contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Although the majority of marine litter entering the marine environment comes from terrestrial sources, this recommendation can contribute to a reduction in marine litter and forms part of a suite of policies which consider different sources of marine litter and how to reduce their contribution to the overall problem. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets No impact is identified on material assets. However, this policy ensures existing developments and structures, which may be contributing to material assets within the Clyde (e.g. energy infrastructure, waste water management, flood management structures), do not contribute to marine litter in the Region. Cultural heritage + P/L This recommendation can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics
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Page 128 of 219 Recommendation rML 3: Development(s) and/or use in the marine and coastal environment should take measures to address marine litter entering the marine environment and should consider opportunities to contribute to the circular economy, for example by recycling old equipment. Initiatives which facilitate this are supported. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + - ? P/L S/T Marine litter can present various threats/risks to a number of marine industries. It can be a threat to fisheries operations as gear can snag on large objects on the seabed, damaging gear and increasing the risk of capsizing. Objects caught in nets cost time to remove, resulting in lost fishing time and potentially damaged gear. Floating marine litter can present a hazard to all vessels, both through collision and through entanglement of ropes and other floating debris in propellers. The policy is positive as it can reduce these risks to various sectors and ultimately reduce operational costs or lost time. The policy also supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and can protect marine assets in the Region. The recommendation can be negative for some sectors where development (s) and structures require maintenance to ensure that they do not contribute to marine litter. This may lead to additional construction and maintenance costs. It is not clear if this will create barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities or have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 P/L The recommendation is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Recommendation rML 4: The Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies should be followed in carrying out beach cleaning operations. The support by public authorities of local community beach cleaning is encouraged where appropriate. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The recommendation is positive for these SEA topics as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter entering the environment from existing marine and coastal developments. This can reduce marine litter from structures and developments in place and support Policy ML 1 in ensuring existing marine and coastal development does not add to the level of marine litter in the marine environment. This supports biodiversity, flora and fauna as it promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have adverse effects on biodiversity, population and human health, sediments and waters – these are listed under Objective ML 1. The recommendation is also positive for population and human health, as it ensures healthy ecosystems can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Marine litter often becomes entangled in the strandline, to the degree that manual litter picking presents an onerous task. However, community beach cleaning can reduce the use of tractors and mechanical methods of seaweed removal which would result in the loss or degradation of this important feature on the shore. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water
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Page 129 of 219 Recommendation rML 4: The Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies should be followed in carrying out beach cleaning operations. The support by public authorities of local community beach cleaning is encouraged where appropriate. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Litter can also become incorporated into seabed and intertidal sediments. This can impact on the sustainable management of geodiversity. No impact is identified on coastal processes, geological sites, coastal erosion or the inherent capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Although litter is not a consideration of water quality under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, marine litter can be present in the water column and adversely affect the general cleanliness of water bodies. Therefore, this policy contributes towards achieving GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly descriptor 10. No impact is identified on exacerbating flooding. Although the majority of marine litter entering the marine environment comes from terrestrial sources, this recommendation can contribute to a reduction in marine litter and forms part of a suite of policies which consider different sources of marine litter and how to reduce their contribution to the overall problem. Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets No impact is identified on material assets. However, this policy ensures existing developments and structures, which may be contributing to material assets within the Clyde (e.g. energy infrastructure, waste water management, flood management structures), do not contribute to marine litter in the Region. Cultural heritage + P/L This recommendation can have a positive impact. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - ? P/L S/T Marine litter can present various threats/risks to a number of marine industries. It can be a threat to fisheries operations as gear can snag on large objects on the seabed, damaging gear and increasing the risk of capsizing. Objects caught in nets cost time to remove, resulting in lost fishing time and potentially damaged gear. Floating marine litter can present a hazard to all vessels, both through collision and through entanglement of ropes and other floating debris in propellers. The policy is positive as it can reduce these risks to various sectors and ultimately reduce operational costs or lost time. The policy also supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and can protect marine assets in the Region. The recommendation can be negative for some sectors where development (s) and structures require maintenance to ensure that they do not contribute to marine litter. This may lead to additional construction and maintenance costs. It is not clear if this will create barriers for new marine enterprise opportunities or have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 P/L The recommendation is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities.
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Page 130 of 219 Connecting people to the Clyde Marine Region Objective CONNECT 1: Local communities and marine users are meaningfully engaged in the decision-making process for proposals in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. This objective supports current planning requirements to carry out consultation and in particular supports the regional applications of NMP policy GEN 18. The impact of this assessment is found to be positive, as meaningful engagement of local communities and marine users who have knowledge of and access to contribute to consultations can improve the nature of developments and activities. For the majority of proposals within the Region there has been good opportunity for engagement, however support for this principle, especially for large proposals or those suggested for sensitive areas supports existing engagement processes. This approach supports consideration of a wide range of local knowledge, information and potential additional expertise from within the Region. There is potential for positive impacts across the whole range of SEA Topics, as an inclusive consultation process could result in positive impacts to all areas, depending on feedback received. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 + This objective supports current planning requirements to carry out consultation and in particular supports the regional applications of NMP policy GEN 18. It does not introduce any new measures and so there is no impact identified that this objective will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. No impact is identified on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. The objective is positive as it supports a more informed and inclusive consultation process which can in turn improve the nature of developments and activities. This could support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, across a range of sectors and business sizes, protect marine assets in the Region and ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. Society + 0 This objective is positive as it contributes to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. Increased involvement in consultation processes can also help communities develop a greater sense of ownership and involvement in developments and activities. It can also improve the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities by flagging up issues which may affect this and have not been considered earlier in the process. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic.
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Page 131 of 219 Objective CONNECT 2: People’s knowledge and enjoyment of the Clyde Marine Region is improved through sustainable and responsible use and/or experience of the natural environment, its historical and cultural assets and locally farmed or sourced products. This leads to an improvement in people’s ocean literacy, sense of place, health & wellbeing and supports the local economy. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The impact is positive, as improvements in people’s experiences and knowledge of the coastal and marine environment and overall ocean literacy can drive behavioural changes and improvements by individuals and also drive wider community support for specific measures to protect and enhance the natural environment including marine assets, reducing carbon emissions and increased support for adaptation activities and recognition, protection and enhancement for cultural heritage and landscape/seascape characteristics. This can then also have a positive effect on human health and wellbeing; as the natural environment improves, so do the benefits people can derive from it. It supports improved spiritual and cultural wellbeing as well as a variety of provisioning and regulating services as the objective is wide ranging. No impact is identified on Air. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 Climatic factors + P/L Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + Direct and Secondary This objective could result in a direct positive impact on the Regional fishing, aquaculture and seafood industries as it can promote consumption of local products. There may be a secondary positive impact as people’s knowledge and enjoyment increases, the desire to take part in marine sport, recreation and tourism could increase and support related industries. Society + 0 P/L The objective can have a positive effect as improved awareness of the natural environment can contribute to a community’s sense of place. It can also have a positive effect on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment. No effect is identified for the other objectives for this topic. Objective CONNECT 3: Responsible public access to the marine and coastal environment is improved in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The objective stipulates responsible public access so no negative impacts are identified on the SEA topics that may result from increased used, or inappropriately sited access pathways/routes (and this can be measured through the measurements identified with this objective and enforced through policies below). Population and human health
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Page 132 of 219 Objective CONNECT 3: Responsible public access to the marine and coastal environment is improved in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L (for certain sectors) There may be benefits to industries associated with sport, recreation and tourism as this objective supports increased access to the marine and coastal area, and these industries can facilitate this access. No other impacts are identified. Society + 0 P/L This objective is positive for promoting and enabling access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and contributes to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. It is also positive in terms of maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No other impacts are identified. Policy CONNECT 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered taking a proportionate approach to the following: a) engagement with stakeholders from relevant sectors, especially where there might be direct interactions between different uses and/or developments; and b) where relevant, the general public has been informed and consulted during development of the proposal, particularly if the proposal could significantly impact local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. As for Objective CONNECT 1 Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air
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Page 133 of 219 Policy CONNECT 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered taking a proportionate approach to the following: a) engagement with stakeholders from relevant sectors, especially where there might be direct interactions between different uses and/or developments; and b) where relevant, the general public has been informed and consulted during development of the proposal, particularly if the proposal could significantly impact local communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 + As for Objective CONNECT 1 Society Policy CONNECT 2: Proposals for development and/or use which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways, particularly those which connect coastal sites of local importance, are encouraged. These should be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural and cultural heritage. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The policy notes that trail, paths and walkways must be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural heritage, this can contribute to its protection. In addition the maintenance or creation of paths can prevent unintentional damage (e.g. walking through bird nesting sites) to natural heritage by those using trails, paths and walkways, as it creates a designated space. No impact identified on the other SEA objectives for this topic. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact identified. Proposals should consider the risk of erosion of coastal trails, paths and walkways due to sea-level rise/coastal processes according to the policies set out in the Coastal Processes chapter of the CRMP. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets + P/L This policy can support improvements and developments to paths at the coastal zone, delivering multiple benefits to those who use them and working in partnership with nature to ensure there is not detrimental impact. Cultural heritage + The policy specifies that impacts on cultural and historical heritage and assets should be avoided, preventing a negative impact, which can contribute to their protection. There may also be an indirect positive effect if trails, paths, and walkways are created or maintain which facilitate better enjoyment of cultural heritage (e.g. if there is more knowledge/appreciation of these it may generate more resources or willingness to protect and enhance these assets) and promote spiritual and aesthetic benefits derived from time spent enjoying cultural heritage assets.
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Page 134 of 219 Policy CONNECT 2: Proposals for development and/or use which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways, particularly those which connect coastal sites of local importance, are encouraged. These should be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural and cultural heritage. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape + Se This policy promotes the Region’s landscape/seascapes and the benefits that people derive from these, such as sense of place, recreation and spiritual wellbeing, thorough encouraging creation or maintenance of paths, trails and walkways. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L (for certain sectors) There may be benefits to industries associated with sport, recreation and tourism as this objective supports increased access to the marine and coastal area, and these industries can facilitate this access. No other impacts are identified. Society + 0 P/L This objective is positive for promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and contributes to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. It is also positive in terms of maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No other impacts are identified. Policy CONNECT 3: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where applicable, that: a) access rights to the marine environment are retained and improved, and b) access to the shore and water is optimised for sport, recreation and tourism, and safety issues have been addressed. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets + P/L This policy can support improvements and developments to paths at the coastal zone, delivering multiple benefits to those who use them and working in partnership with nature to ensure there is not detrimental impact. Cultural heritage 0 No impact is identified Landscape/seascape
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Page 135 of 219 Policy CONNECT 3: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where applicable, that: a) access rights to the marine environment are retained and improved, and b) access to the shore and water is optimised for sport, recreation and tourism, and safety issues have been addressed. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text SA topics Marine economy ? 0 + The impact on the marine economy is unclear and will be dependent on the type and location of the development and/or activity. Ensuring continued public access and optimising access for sport recreation and tourism may not avoid barriers to new marine enterprises or safeguard jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. The policy can protect built material assets, in the Region, maintaining the potential to use then in the future. There may be benefits to industries associated with sport, recreation and tourism as this objective supports increased access to the marine and coastal area, and these industries can facilitate this access. No other impacts are identified. Society + 0 This objective is positive for promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and contributes to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. It is also positive in terms of maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No other impacts are identified. Recommendation rCONNECT 1: All marine users and the general public are encouraged to engage with formal consultation processes in public authority decision-making about development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. This can be achieved individually or as a member of a community, interest or sports groups. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. As for objective CONNECT 1 Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage
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Page 136 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 1: All marine users and the general public are encouraged to engage with formal consultation processes in public authority decision-making about development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. This can be achieved individually or as a member of a community, interest or sports groups. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 + As for Objective CONNECT 1 Society Recommendation rCONNECT 2: All users of the Clyde Marine Region should follow guidance set out in relevant codes and best practice guidelines, which include but are not limited to: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife • Scottish Outdoor Access Code • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen Non-Native Species • Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-Native Species • ‘Check Clean Dry’ Guidance Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + If applied the recommendation can offer a positive impact for biodiversity, flora and fauna, as many of the best practice guidelines provide guidance which can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. They can prevent damage to important biological sites and species. Where these benefits are delivered for ecosystems there will also be benefits for human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact identified. Water Air
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Page 137 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 2: All users of the Clyde Marine Region should follow guidance set out in relevant codes and best practice guidelines, which include but are not limited to: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife • Scottish Outdoor Access Code • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen Non-Native Species • Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-Native Species • ‘Check Clean Dry’ Guidance Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 A number of the best practice guidelines can contribute to reduced operational costs to businesses within various sectors, and can contribute to reduced negative interactions with other sectors. As this is a recommendation and promotes best practice guidance it is voluntary whether businesses apply the recommendation, so no negative impacts are identified. The recommendation supports that sustainable use of the Region’s resources, and supports the development of a sustainable marine economy. No impact is identified for the other SA objectives. Society + 0 This recommendation can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage, due to the positive benefits that may be realised as noted under the explanatory text for biodiversity, flora and fauna. No other impact is identified.
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Page 138 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 3: Activities are encouraged which give opportunities to marine users, including the general public, to collect data (e.g. through citizen science projects). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L As for Objective CONNECT 2 Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 Climatic factors + P/L Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + Se As for Objective Connect 2, excluding specific benefits noted for the aquaculture, fisheries and seafood industries as a result of promoted consumption of the Region’s seafood. Society + 0 P/L Recommendation rCONNECT 4: Activities and experiences are encouraged which engage with those people living in and/or visiting the Clyde Marine Region to improve their interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Regions natural heritage, historic environment and cultural heritage including the Gaelic language, and/or marine sport and recreation opportunities. Activities and experiences should be accessible to all, including those with protected characteristics, should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and encourage independent living. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L As for Objective CONNECT 2 Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 Climatic factors + P/L Material assets
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Page 139 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 4: Activities and experiences are encouraged which engage with those people living in and/or visiting the Clyde Marine Region to improve their interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Regions natural heritage, historic environment and cultural heritage including the Gaelic language, and/or marine sport and recreation opportunities. Activities and experiences should be accessible to all, including those with protected characteristics, should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and encourage independent living. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + Se As for Objective Connect 2, excluding specific benefits noted for the aquaculture, fisheries and seafood industries as a result of promoted consumption of the Region’s seafood. Society + 0 P/L Recommendation rCONNECT 5: Activities are encouraged which engage local communities in identifying areas of marine litter accumulation, carrying out beach cleans, and/or communicating issues relating to marine litter. Beach clean organisers are encouraged to contribute to data collecting initiatives. This includes but is not limited to: the Marine Conservation Society’s Beachwatch campaign, Fidra’s ‘Great Nurdle Hunt’ data collection project and Keep Scotland Beautiful initiatives such as Upstream Battle. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Where the recommendation is applied it will have a positive impact as it aims to reduce the contribution of marine litter in the environment, through encouragement of organisation, community and voluntary groups engaged in tackling marine litter and it’s causes, which promotes the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems and it can reduce damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also help contribute to the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly for descriptor 10: Marine Litter does not cause harm. Marine litter can have a variety of negative impacts on these SEA Topics, as noted under the explanatory text for Objective ML 1. Increasing data collected thorough such activities helps to identify sources of litter, among other things, which helps to target actions on litter reduction (e.g. identifying sources of litter and commonly littered items to help inform policy and legislation to support reduction), further alleviating the problem. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage + P/L This recommendation is positive for cultural heritage. Marine litter can have a negative aesthetic effect on cultural heritage features and impact on the character of historic sites and the benefits they provide to society and communities. No impact is identified on damage to known and unknown coastal and marine archaeology or the benefits it provides.
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Page 140 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 5: Activities are encouraged which engage local communities in identifying areas of marine litter accumulation, carrying out beach cleans, and/or communicating issues relating to marine litter. Beach clean organisers are encouraged to contribute to data collecting initiatives. This includes but is not limited to: the Marine Conservation Society’s Beachwatch campaign, Fidra’s ‘Great Nurdle Hunt’ data collection project and Keep Scotland Beautiful initiatives such as Upstream Battle. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape 0 The impact is positive as in some cases (e.g. litter sinks) marine litter can have a very negative impact on the seascape/landscape character of parts of the Region. Promoting litter and beach cleaning activities can reduce this negative impact. SA topics Marine economy + 0 Some industries may benefit from litter cleaning activities, as they improve the environment which many rely on to support their industry. Data collected and contributed to the evidence base on marine litter can also benefit these industries, as this may lead to further activities and outputs which ultimately reduce marine litter in the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified for the other objectives under this SA Topic area. Society + 0 The policy is positive as it can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including protection and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities, access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation or poverty, social exclusion or equality for all communities. Recommendation rCONNECT 6: Initiatives are encouraged to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the Clyde Marine Region to local shops and restaurants to promote the ‘Clyde brand’ and enhance experiences for local people and visitors to the Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No impact is identified where the recommendation may be applied as it states that the products should be sustainable which should ensure there is no significant negative impact on these SEA topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics
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Page 141 of 219 Recommendation rCONNECT 6: Initiatives are encouraged to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the Clyde Marine Region to local shops and restaurants to promote the ‘Clyde brand’ and enhance experiences for local people and visitors to the Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + P/L Where initiatives go forward to support this recommendation this can lead to a positive impact on the fisheries and aquaculture sector as well as related sectors such as processors and the hospitality industry. The recommendation can have a positive impact on supporting the development of a sustainable marine economy, ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors and can remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and can safeguard jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. No impact is identified on protecting marine assets. Society Where applied the recommendation can be positive for society as can promote access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. It can indirectly support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty through potential creation of jobs in aquaculture, fisheries, local shops and restaurants and can contribute to communities’ sense of place. This recommendation can also maintain or contribute to the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Section 2 – Sectoral Policies All Sectors Objective SEC 1: Encourage the safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors in the Clyde Marine Region, including local collaboration across and within sectors. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Many of the impacts noted within the explanatory text are mitigated by policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. Policies from the NMP must also be adhered to. Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments This objective could provide a positive impact for these SEA Topics. Multiple use of infrastructure could reduce the need (though not rule out) for constructing new facilities, and thus reduce the potential negative impacts (e.g. disruption, noise pollution, potential damage to important sites or species, coastal erosion, impact the integrity of coastal processes) on these SEA Topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 It is unclear what the impact on air quality would be. For example, where multiple use of infrastructure causes more vessels to gather in one area, this could have an adverse impact on local air quality. However, existing regulations and legislation must be taken into account around protecting air quality, which would mitigate any negative impact, so the impact is identified as neutral.
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Page 142 of 219 Objective SEC 1: Encourage the safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors in the Clyde Marine Region, including local collaboration across and within sectors. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors 0 (e.g. EIA, flood-risk) which can ensure adverse effects can be avoided. Air quality is monitored by SEPA through mechanisms such as the Scottish Air Quality Database Annual Report. Cruise ship operators must identify measures to avoid any detrimental impact to air quality. Operators must also ensure that suitable mitigation measures to abate air quality degradation are identified and implemented. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. It is unclear what the impact on climatic factors would be. This objective could lead to positive impacts and reduce greenhouse gas emissions if less infrastructure is newly constructed. This is dependent on the type of infrastructure however, as some new developments (depending on type and materials used) can be more energy efficient, contributing to climate change mitigation. It is anticipated that the majority of the negative impacts generated by such activity are mitigated through the environmental protection policies within the NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of this CRMP, and therefore the impact is likely to be neutral or positive. Material assets + P/L The objective is positive as it generally encourages less infrastructure and may have a positive impact on the efficient and sustainable use of natural and other resources. The use of ‘appropriate’ can act as a safeguard to ensure there is not overuse of infrastructure, which in the long term could lead to negative effects on material assets. Cultural heritage + 0 P/L This objective is positive for cultural heritage as it aims to reduce the need for constructing new facilities as construction can damage known and unknown marine and coastal archaeology. It could also avoid adversely impacting on the character and setting of historic sites and buildings and the benefits they provide. No impact is identified on how this objective will enhance the historic marine environment and the benefits it provides. Landscape/seascape + This objective is positive for landscapes/seascapes as it seeks opportunities to reduce the need for constructing new facilities. Construction could impact on the quality of some landscape/seascape areas. SA topics Marine economy + - P/L This objective supports the efficient use of existing infrastructure, which may reduce costs to some marine businesses that would have otherwise had to invest and construct new infrastructure. It may remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. It also supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors and business sizes and ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. This objective could result in some minor negative impacts to the marine economy; for example, if certain infrastructure was in high demand there could be operational delays and lost operational time. For these reasons, there may also be mixed impacts on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 P/L This objective can maintain or improve the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, where there is joint public and private use of infrastructure. It can promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. This objective has no impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and will promote equality for all communities. There could be maintenance and improvement to the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. This
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Page 143 of 219 Objective SEC 1: Encourage the safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors in the Clyde Marine Region, including local collaboration across and within sectors. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text objective may also be positive in terms of contributing to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of access to marine-related heritage. Objective SEC 2: Ensure infrastructure, such as ports and harbours and those related to supply chain, adequately support sectors operating in the Clyde Marine Region, including onward links to the transport network outwith the region. Any development aligns with the integrated transport objectives in Local Development Plans. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Many of these impacts are mitigated by policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. Policies from the NMP must also be adhered to. Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk) which can ensure adverse effects can be avoided. Air quality is monitored by SEPA through mechanisms such as the Scottish Air Quality Database Annual It is unclear what the impact of this objective will be on biodiversity, flora and fauna as it depends on what modifications or construction needs to be carried out to ensure infrastructure can adequately support the sectors operating in the Region. There is scope for there to be negative impacts on this topic where construction of new infrastructure developments is undertaken. This could include noise pollution, affecting cetaceans and other marine and coastal mammals, damage and/or loss of habitats and displacement or loss of species. Where this is the case, mitigation strategies would need to be employed to reduce any negative impacts. Where maintenance is required to ensure infrastructure can support sectors, this may cause little or no negative impacts. The impact of this objective on population and human health is unclear. There is potential for negative impacts where new infrastructure needs to be constructed to ensure infrastructure adequately supports sectors. This can negatively impact upon ecosystems thereby impacting on human health and wellbeing. Construction can also cause water pollution, noise pollution or other types of disruption which can impact upon population and human health. The impact on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes is also unclear. Maintenance of existing infrastructure may cause little or no significant impact whereas construction of new infrastructure has the potential to have a much bigger impact and would require more consideration of mitigation strategies to reduce these negative impacts. As above for sediments, marine geology and coastal processes. Negative impacts could include siltation that temporarily affects water quality and localised negative impacts on air quality associated with the construction of new infrastructure or increased road and marine vessel movements. The SA-SEA assumes that as this policy exists within the context of the NMP, the policies within the General Policies chapter of the Plan and existing licensing and consenting processes, any negative impacts will be mitigated by these policies and the impact is neutral. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors + 0 P/L There is potential for this objective to have positive or negative impacts depending on the nature of work/activity required to ensure infrastructure adequately supports sectors. The construction of new infrastructure has the potential to contribute to greenhouse gas emissions; however, infrastructure could be built to be resilient to climate change impacts and therefore contribute to the Region’s adaptation activities. This could also be the case for infrastructure modifications/updates. It is anticipated that the majority of the negative impacts generated by such
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Page 144 of 219 Objective SEC 2: Ensure infrastructure, such as ports and harbours and those related to supply chain, adequately support sectors operating in the Clyde Marine Region, including onward links to the transport network outwith the region. Any development aligns with the integrated transport objectives in Local Development Plans. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Report. Cruise ship operators must identify measures to avoid any detrimental impact to air quality. Operators must also ensure that suitable mitigation measures to abate air quality degradation are identified and implemented. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. activity are mitigated through the environmental protection policies within the NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of this Plan, and therefore the impact is likely to be neutral or positive. Material assets + ? P/L The objective is positive for material assets, as it seeks to ensure infrastructure adequately supports sectors operating in the Region. Cultural heritage 0 It is unclear what the impact of this objective will be on cultural heritage as it depends on what modifications or construction needs to be carried out to ensure infrastructure adequately supports the sectors operating in the Region. There is scope for there to be negative impacts on cultural heritage where new infrastructure developments are undertaken. Where this is the case, mitigation strategies would need to be employed to reduce any negative impacts. Where maintenance is required to ensure infrastructure can support sectors, this may cause little or no negative impacts. Landscape/seascape 0 There may be an impact on landscapes/seascapes where construction of new infrastructure is undertaken. However, this policy is set within the context of the General policies chapter of this CRMP, the relevant policies in the NMP and existing consenting processes which may apply/require additional assessments as part of their processes. These processes would consider any potential impacts and mitigate any adverse impacts of this policy on landscapes/seascapes. SA topics Marine economy + ? This objective is positive for the marine economy as it promotes efficient operations (which could result in cost savings) within some sectors that rely on marine and coastal infrastructure. This objective supports the development of a sustainable marine economy. It can also protect marine assets and maintain the potential to utilise them in the future. This objective may also remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and may also safeguard or create jobs – though this is unclear. This objective could generate additional overheads for some businesses where a cost is involved in developing or improving infrastructure so that infrastructure adequately supports sectors operation in the Region. In the long term, this could support operations and be viewed as a worthwhile investment. Society + 0 This objective can maintain or improve the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities where there is joint public and private use of infrastructure. It can promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. This objective has no impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty or social exclusion for all communities. There could be maintenance and improvement to the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience.
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Page 145 of 219 Objective SEC 2: Ensure infrastructure, such as ports and harbours and those related to supply chain, adequately support sectors operating in the Clyde Marine Region, including onward links to the transport network outwith the region. Any development aligns with the integrated transport objectives in Local Development Plans. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text No impact is anticipated on contributing to a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage. Objective SEC 3: The availability of and access to knowledge and data which inform sustainable development, identify opportunities for protection and enhancement and strengthen our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures are improved in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L This objective is positive for the SEA topics (the objective applies to all areas which inform sustainable development, and so could have an impact on all SEA topics). As well as contributing to general knowledge, the objective specifies strengthening our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, which will be especially beneficial to developing understanding of how to improve sustainable developments. Increased knowledge and data on marine and coastal features will contribute to conserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It will also contribute to the prevention of damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. It can also contribute to the achievement of GEnvS and GEcS, meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003and sustaining the benefits of natural processes and resources. Similarly, the objective can ensure the ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of geodiversity and their natural processes. Improved data and knowledge can prevent damage to important geological sites, including the benefits they provide. Improved knowledge and data can contribute to avoid exacerbating coastal erosion and maintain the integrity of coastal processes and the benefits they provide. These impacts contribute to healthy ecosystems, both biodiversity and geodiversity and this in turn has a positive impact on population and human health, ensuring that humans can continue to derive benefits from enhancements to the marine and coastal environment. It also reduces the risk to human health that may arise from a degraded environment, water pollution, flood risk, coastal erosion, etc. Improved knowledge and data on the water environment will have a positive impact on water, and can contribute to achieving and maintaining GEnvS and GEcS, meeting the requirements of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. No effect is identified. This objective encompasses improved knowledge and data on marine and coastal features which act as carbon sinks (e.g. seagrasses, kelp and some seabed sediments). This will have a positive contribution to climate change mitigation and the Region’s contribution to climate change mitigation in a timely and commensurate way. Ensuring the protection and enhancement of natural heritage in the marine environment can also improve its resilience and Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape
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Page 146 of 219 Objective SEC 3: The availability of and access to knowledge and data which inform sustainable development, identify opportunities for protection and enhancement and strengthen our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures are improved in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text capacity to adapt in the face of climate change impacts. The objective also specifies the identification of adaptation options, further contributing to adaptation measures. This objective seeks to improve knowledge and data of marine and coastal natural features to inform sustainable development. This can inform best suited and appropriate placement of material assets such as energy and telecommunications infrastructure. Improved knowledge and data of marine and coastal natural features could provide indirect benefits to the protection and enhancement of the historic marine environment by contributing data and knowledge on cultural heritage. In particular, it may enhance our knowledge of unknown coastal and marine archaeology. As the objective specifies strengthening understanding of cumulative impacts, this can contribute to avoiding adverse impacts on the character and setting of historic sites and the benefits they provide and on the impacts to landscape/seascape. SA topics Marine economy + P/L This objective can support the development of a sustainable marine economy by contributing to the knowledge base across a range of areas and in particular for cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, which could ultimately reduce the costs of development for some marine industries as the objective will help to further guide and inform appropriate placements of marine and coastal developments and activities, ensuring they take place in the most appropriate locations and their potential negative and cumulative impacts are mitigated. This supports operations in the long term and ensures that growth of the marine economy is undertaken in a sustainable way. The objective does not affect barriers to new marine enterprises and no effect is identified on safeguarding and/or creating jobs, except within the environmental sector depending on funding. Society + P/L The objective has a positive effect on society as it can contribute to a community’s sense of place through better knowledge of the Region and it can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users. No impact is identified on supporting a reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promoting equality for all communities. Objective SEC 4: Cumulative impacts of development(s) and activities in the Clyde Marine Region are mitigated. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + Where this objective can be delivered, this will have a positive impact on the SEA topics as it contributes to lessening the impact of cumulative impacts. In combination developments(s) and/or activities around the Region can have cumulative impacts on one or more of the SEA topics. Ensuring that these are mitigated will have a positive impact. Population and human health
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Page 147 of 219 Objective SEC 4: Cumulative impacts of development(s) and activities in the Clyde Marine Region are mitigated. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 The objective is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors, can protect marine assets in the Region maintaining the potential to use them in future, can remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities (e.g. if it enables development(s) activities to go ahead where it was previously identified that the impact of cumulative impacts was too great). This can lead to safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. This objective may also lead to additional work required by businesses to ensure that they are not causing cumulative effects and also to consider mitigation. Society ? The impact is unclear, but the objective may contribute to the SA objectives for society if it facilitates sustainable development which can contribute to the objectives and would therefore be positive, or the impact could be neutral. This is dependent on the type of cumulative impact which may be mitigated.
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Page 148 of 219 Policy SEC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered: a) Any adverse impacts on the efficient and safe movement or navigation of vessels around the Region, to and from strategic freight hubs, ports, harbours, marinas, moorings and anchorages, including ferry operations are avoided or appropriately mitigated; b) demonstrating operational and/or technical mitigation where a proposals’ benefits may outweigh navigational interference; c) the cumulative impacts of the proposal, both within and between sectors where possible; d) alignment with any future sectoral spatial management plans developed by the Scottish Government, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Planning Authorities and/or the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership for the relevant sector; e) potential synergies and partnerships with other sectors; f) avoiding, minimising or mitigating any negative impact on other marine users; and g) avoiding any unacceptable burdens on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation & monitoring Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as neutral. This policy is broad and could apply to developments and activities related to any sector and/or activity. There is potential for any activity to have a negative impact on these SEA Topics. Generally speaking, these could include: disruption to, displacement or loss of marine and coastal species, damage to or loss of habitats from dredging, anchoring or piling, water pollution from increased siltation, localised air pollution from increased vessel movements, etc. The SA- SEA assumes that as this policy exists within the context of the NMP, the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP and existing licensing and consenting processes, any negative impacts will be mitigated by these policies and the impact is neutral. Outside the specific SEA objectives used for this assessment, the policy is positive in the sense that it promotes a wider consideration of various processes and factors, facilitating awareness of the wider environment and the impacts developments and activities can have on communities; such as cumulative impacts Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + ? The policy is positive for marine enterprises as it specifically states that any negative impact on other marine users must be mitigated and an unacceptable burden on infrastructure that cannot be resolved, which may create conflict, is not created. It also promotes the shared use of infrastructure and seeks to prevent adverse impacts on the movement of shipping, ports, harbours and ferries. Therefore, the policy seeks to support the development of a sustainable marine economy across a range of sectors and business sizes, and in the process safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. The policy specifies that development(s) and activities do not create an unacceptable burden on existing infrastructure and (a marine asset), maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. The policy may introduce barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, but this is unclear. Overall, the policy promotes shared use of the marine environment and considers other users, which is positive.
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Page 149 of 219 Policy SEC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered: a) Any adverse impacts on the efficient and safe movement or navigation of vessels around the Region, to and from strategic freight hubs, ports, harbours, marinas, moorings and anchorages, including ferry operations are avoided or appropriately mitigated; b) demonstrating operational and/or technical mitigation where a proposals’ benefits may outweigh navigational interference; c) the cumulative impacts of the proposal, both within and between sectors where possible; d) alignment with any future sectoral spatial management plans developed by the Scottish Government, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Planning Authorities and/or the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership for the relevant sector; e) potential synergies and partnerships with other sectors; f) avoiding, minimising or mitigating any negative impact on other marine users; and g) avoiding any unacceptable burdens on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation & monitoring Explanatory text Society + 0 The policy is positive as it considers the overall connectivity of the Region, supporting maintenance or improvement of accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities and access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation and maintaining or improving the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. The policy promotes well planned development(s) and activities that are considerate of other users of the marine and coastal environment and so can have a positive impact on communities’ sense of place. No impact is identified on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities’. Policy SEC 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged where they: a) provide important supply chain services for marine sectors, b) promote any opportunities for shared use of infrastructure and/or marine spatial area and collaboration between and within sectors, c) improve connectivity around the Clyde Marine Region, for example through multi-modal journey planning and active travel, taking into account different types of activity as well as different types of transport and links to other marine regions, or d) provide social, health & wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely, for example through the regeneration of coastal areas, particularly brownfield sites, and/or the diversification of the rural marine economy. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation & monitoring Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as neutral. This policy is broad and could apply to developments and activities related to any sector and/or activity. There is potential for any activity to have a negative impact on these SEA Topics. Generally speaking, these could include: disruption to, displacement or loss of marine and coastal species, damage to or loss of habitats from dredging, anchoring or piling, water pollution from increased siltation, localised air pollution from increased vessel movements, etc. The SA-Population and human health
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Page 150 of 219 Policy SEC 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged where they: a) provide important supply chain services for marine sectors, b) promote any opportunities for shared use of infrastructure and/or marine spatial area and collaboration between and within sectors, c) improve connectivity around the Clyde Marine Region, for example through multi-modal journey planning and active travel, taking into account different types of activity as well as different types of transport and links to other marine regions, or d) provide social, health & wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely, for example through the regeneration of coastal areas, particularly brownfield sites, and/or the diversification of the rural marine economy. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation & monitoring Explanatory text Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes SEA assumes that as this policy exists within the context of the NMP, the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP and existing licensing and consenting processes, any negative impacts will be mitigated by these policies and the impact is neutral. Outside the specific SEA objectives used for this assessment, the policy is positive in the sense that it promotes a wider consideration of various processes and factors, facilitating awareness of the wider environment and the impacts developments and activities can have on communities. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + Where the policy is applied, it is positive for the marine economy. Measures a)-c) can all support more efficient operations for businesses (e.g. improved supply chains, shared infrastructure, improved connectivity), and contribute to the development of a sustainable marine economy and ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources (shared infrastructure requires less new infrastructure to be built). These measures can also remove barriers to new marine enterprises and safeguard jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. As the measures within the policy are encouraged, there are no negative impacts. Society + 0 Where the policy is applied it is positive as it broadens consideration of the impact developments and activities can have and requires developments to demonstrate that they provide social, health and wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely. This will have a positive impact on maintaining or improving social, health and wellbeing and economic factors for local communities and can in turn have a positive impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, social exclusion and promoting equalities for all communities. This policy also contributes to a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage, and can improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. These factors can also contribute to promoting equality for all communities. Measure c) supports maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities.
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Page 151 of 219 Recommendation rSEC 1: Organisations and marine users should share data, which is not commercially sensitive, related to their activities in the marine and coastal environment to central databases and support open data initiatives to facilitate partnership working and increase knowledge of the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L As for Objective SEC 4 Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + P/L As for Objective SEC 4 Society Recommendation rSEC 2: Organisations should communicate with other relevant marine users where possible when they are planning to undertake works, including emergency works, in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No impact is identified on any of these SEA topics, as the recommendation is focussed on communication between sectors and other marine users. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage
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Page 152 of 219 Recommendation rSEC 2: Organisations should communicate with other relevant marine users where possible when they are planning to undertake works, including emergency works, in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L There may be some additional resources required to communicate with other relevant marine users within the Region, but overall this could improve outcomes from the works if it supports a reduction in conflict and other users are aided by having advance notice. No other impact is identified. Society + 0 P/L Where works may impact on accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities and where it can impact on the experience of recreational users this recommendation can have a positive impact. No other impact is identified. Recommendation rSEC 3: Efforts should be made by public authorities to work with sectoral interests and infrastructure owners to ensure that infrastructure is in place at ports and harbours, piers and slipways to support future sectoral requirements, including onward links to transport networks. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 As for Objective SEC 1. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L There may be some additional resources required to communicate with other relevant marine users within the Region, but overall this could improve outcomes from the works if it supports a reduction in conflict and other users are aided by having advance notice. No other impact is identified. Society + 0 P/L Where works may impact on accessibility or connectivity of coastal and island communities and where it can impact on the experience of recreational users this recommendation can have a positive impact.
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Page 153 of 219 Recommendation rSEC 3: Efforts should be made by public authorities to work with sectoral interests and infrastructure owners to ensure that infrastructure is in place at ports and harbours, piers and slipways to support future sectoral requirements, including onward links to transport networks. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text No other impact is identified. Sea Fisheries Objective FISH 1: A sustainable, diverse and resilient marine ecosystem which enables a wide range of long-term environmentally sustainable fishing opportunities in the Clyde Marine Region, supplying both local and other markets. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The objective is positive in the long term and will conserve and enhance the integrity of marine ecosystems, particularly seabed habitats and abundance/diversity indicators for fish stock profiles, their interactions and the wider benefits they provide to the marine and coastal environment. The objective prevents damage to important biological sites and protected species, safeguarding the benefits they provide. The objective also contributes to ensuring the achievement of GEnvS across several Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) descriptors. Population and human health + P/L The objective is positive in the long term for the conservation and enhancement of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and ensures that these can continue to support human health and wellbeing in the future. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + 0 P/L The objective is positive as it supports sustainable, diverse and resilient ecosystems. Methods which deliver a local, sustainable fishing industry can also provide benefits for seabed habitats and the overall integrity of the seabed. No impact is identified on exacerbating coastal erosion or on the capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + P/L The objective is positive for climate change mitigation, as generating opportunities to supply local markets can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. No impact is identified on adaptation. A diverse and resilient ecosystem can support and strengthen the natural capacity of systems to adapt to climate change impacts. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage + P/L A revival of a local, sustainable fishing industry can maintain and improve some local communities’ links to cultural heritage relating to fisheries, where the industry was historically larger/more active. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy - + S/T (only for parts of the sector) P/L Stock assessments for Norway lobster show that the current amount being fished is appropriate to ensure sustainable future catches. Brown crab, velvet crab and European lobster are currently fished close to or above FMSY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) in the Clyde and more data is needed to assess the state of king scallop stocks. The objective may have a negative effect in the short term for these fisheries, as there may be a need for them to reduce their fishing effort to ensure sustainable fishing opportunities. This could also apply to future fisheries harvested in the Region.
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Page 154 of 219 Objective FISH 1: A sustainable, diverse and resilient marine ecosystem which enables a wide range of long-term environmentally sustainable fishing opportunities in the Clyde Marine Region, supplying both local and other markets. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text The objective is positive in the long term for fisheries (and potentially other enterprises, including those related to sea angling, due to wider ecosystem benefits that may come about as a result of this policy) as it supports the sustainability of the fishing industry. The objective can also safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities with the Clyde Marine Region. Society + - 0 P/L, S/T (only for parts of the sector) The objective is positive as it supports the fishing industry into the future and therefore the local communities which rely on it. Supporting the fishing industry can have a positive impact on society, by improving a community’s sense of place; this in turn can indirectly result in positive impacts to tourism in such areas. Promoting opportunities to supply local and other markets can develop people’s awareness of the resources and benefits available from the local marine environment, and this factor can also improve a sense of place and provide benefits to tourism. The objective can help to support a reduction in poverty and social exclusion in rural areas where livelihood options can be limited. There are likely to be some short-term negative impacts as noted above (under marine economy) for some fisheries. The objective may maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly recreational anglers, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. Objective FISH 2: Fisheries operate and are managed to achieve economic, social and employment benefits and contribute to the availability of food supplies. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The objective is positive in the long term and will conserve and enhance the integrity of marine ecosystems including fish populations, particularly seabed habitats and abundance/diversity indicators for fish stock profiles, their interactions and the wider benefits they provide to the marine and coastal environment. Population and human health + P/L The objective is positive in the long term for the conservation and enhancement of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and ensures that these can continue to support human health and wellbeing in the future. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + 0 P/L The objective is positive as it supports sustainable, diverse and resilient ecosystems. Methods which deliver a local, sustainable fishing industry can also provide benefits for seabed habitats and the overall integrity of the seabed. No impact is identified on exacerbating coastal erosion or on the capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + P/L The objective is positive for climate change mitigation, as generating opportunities to contribute to the availability of food supplies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. No impact is identified on adaptation. Managed fisheries can support and strengthen the natural capacity of systems to adapt to climate change impacts. Material assets 0 No impact is identified.
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Page 155 of 219 Objective FISH 2: Fisheries operate and are managed to achieve economic, social and employment benefits and contribute to the availability of food supplies. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Cultural heritage + P/L A revival of a local, sustainable fishing industry can maintain and improve some local communities’ links to cultural heritage relating to fisheries, where the industry was historically larger/more active. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy - + S/T (only for parts of the sector) P/L Stock assessments for Norway lobster show that the current amount being fished is appropriate to ensure sustainable future catches. Brown crab, velvet crab and European lobster are currently fished close to or above FMSY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) in the Clyde and more data is needed to assess the state of king scallop stocks. The objective may have a negative effect in the short term for these fisheries, as there may be a need for them to reduce their fishing effort to ensure sustainable fishing opportunities. This could also apply to future fisheries harvested in the Region. The objective is positive in the long term for fisheries (and potentially other enterprises, including those related to sea angling, due to wider ecosystem benefits that may come about as a result of this policy) as it supports the sustainability of the fishing industry. The objective can also safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities with the Clyde Marine Region. Society + - 0 P/L, S/T (only for parts of the sector) The objective is positive as it supports the fishing industry into the future and therefore the local communities which rely on it. Supporting the fishing industry can have a positive impact on society, by improving a community’s sense of place; this in turn can indirectly result in positive impacts to tourism in such areas. Promoting opportunities to supply local and other markets can develop people’s awareness of the resources and benefits available from the local marine environment, and this factor can also improve a sense of place and provide benefits to tourism. The objective can help to support a reduction in poverty and social exclusion in rural areas where livelihood options can be limited. There are likely to be some short-term negative impacts as noted above (under marine economy) for some fisheries. The objective may maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly recreational anglers, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on the maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. Objective FISH 3: All fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region are managed to restore and maintain populations of harvested species above biomass levels capable of producing Maximum Sustainable Yield, based on the best available scientific advice. Fisheries operate at an appropriate level with respect to stock and environmental considerations and do not overexploit stocks. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ++ P/L No mitigation is required as impacts The objective is positive in the long term and will conserve and enhance the integrity of marine ecosystems, particularly seabed habitats and abundance/diversity indicators for fish stock profiles, their interactions and the wider benefits they provide to the marine and coastal environment. Sustainable harvesting of fish stocks would also support
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Page 156 of 219 Objective FISH 3: All fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region are managed to restore and maintain populations of harvested species above biomass levels capable of producing Maximum Sustainable Yield, based on the best available scientific advice. Fisheries operate at an appropriate level with respect to stock and environmental considerations and do not overexploit stocks. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text are identified as positive. maintenance of existing marine ecosystems. The objective prevents damage to important biological sites and protected species, safeguarding the benefits they provide. The objective also contributes to ensuring the achievement of GEnvS across several Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) descriptors. Population and human health + P/L The objective is positive in the long term for the conservation and enhancement of marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and ensures that these can continue to support human health and wellbeing in the future. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + 0 P/L The objective is positive as it can facilitate to measures which ensure that ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced through sustainable management of sediments, seabed and the natural processes supported by these features. Methods which deliver a local, sustainable fishing industry can also provide benefits for seabed habitats and the overall integrity of the seabed. No impact is identified on preventing damage to important geological sites including the benefits they provide, exacerbating coastal erosion or on the capacity of the natural environment to cope with flooding. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + 0 P/L The objective is positive for climate change mitigation, as generating opportunities to supply local markets can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation. The objective can also facilitate measures which maintain and enhance populations of harvested species; this can increase their resilience to climate change impacts and contribute to the Region’s adaptation activity. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage + P/L A revival of a local, sustainable fishing industry can maintain and improve some local communities’ links to cultural heritage relating to fisheries, where the industry was historically larger/more active. Landscape/seascape 0 No impact is identified. SA topics Marine economy + - P/L, S/T (only for parts of the sector) Stock assessments for Norway lobster show that the current amount being fished is appropriate to ensure sustainable future catches. Brown crab, velvet crab and European lobster are currently fished close to or above FMSY (fishing at Maximum Sustainable Yield) in the Clyde and more data is needed to assess the state of king scallop stocks. The objective may have a negative effect in the short term for these fisheries, as there may be a need for them to reduce their fishing effort to ensure sustainable fishing opportunities. This could also apply to future fisheries harvested in the Region. The objective is positive in the long term for fisheries (and potentially other enterprises, including those related to sea angling, due to wider ecosystem benefits that may come about as a result of this policy) as it supports the sustainability of the fishing industry. The objective can also safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities with the Clyde Marine Region. Society + - P/L, The objective is positive as it supports the fishing industry into the future and therefore the local communities which rely on it. Supporting the fishing industry can have a positive impact on society, by improving a community’s sense of
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Page 157 of 219 Objective FISH 3: All fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region are managed to restore and maintain populations of harvested species above biomass levels capable of producing Maximum Sustainable Yield, based on the best available scientific advice. Fisheries operate at an appropriate level with respect to stock and environmental considerations and do not overexploit stocks. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text S/T (only for parts of the sector) place; this in turn can indirectly result in positive impacts to tourism in such areas. Promoting opportunities to supply local and other markets can develop people’s awareness of the resources and benefits available from the local marine environment, and this factor can also improve a sense of place and provide benefits to tourism. The objective can help to support a reduction in poverty and social exclusion in rural areas where livelihood options can be limited. There are likely to be some short-term negative impacts as noted above (under marine economy) for some fisheries. The objective may maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, particularly recreational anglers, in terms of quality of experience. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. Objective FISH 4: Fisheries adapt to changes in species distribution and abundance due to climate change in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. Whilst fisheries may target a new species as a result of this policy, it is assumed that this will be undertaken in line with NMP and FISH 1, such that this will be done in a sustainable way, supporting biodiversity, flora and fauna. Population and human health + P/L This objective may result in positive effects on population and human health where it leads to produce being supplied to local markets, contributing to overall nutrition. These markets may also be more resilient to the impacts of climate change as they are local and so ensure continuity of supply (assuming the fisheries themselves are not disrupted by the impact of climate change effects). Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors + 0 The objective ensures that adaptation to climate change impacts is considered in activities. No impact is identified on mitigation or in ensuring that adaptation actions are taken into account to support the natural adaptive capacity of systems in order to sustain the benefits of natural processes and resources. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + The objective is positive for the fishing industry as it is seeking to ensure that the sector is resilient to the impacts of climate change which could cause fish stocks to move and change. Consideration and adaptation to this in advance of major change to the fishery will enable the sector to better withstand species distribution and abundance changes that may arise as a
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Page 158 of 219 Objective FISH 4: Fisheries adapt to changes in species distribution and abundance due to climate change in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text result of climate change impacts. The objective supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region for the sector, ensures that sustainable use of the Region’s and it can safeguard jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across the sector. No impact is identified on protecting marine assets or on removing barriers to marine enterprise opportunities. Society + 0 Se There may be an indirect positive impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty. No other impacts are identified. Objective FISH 5: Bycatch of non-target species in the Clyde Marine Region is avoided or reduced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + This objective is positive for non-target species caught as bycatch as it will ultimately reduce the impact of fishing on them. This can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide, it can prevent damage to protected species including the benefits they provide and can contribute to achieving Good Environmental Status under Descriptor 1. Biodiversity is maintained; Descriptor 3. The population of commercial fish species is healthy; and Descriptor 4. Elements of food webs ensure long-term abundance and reproduction. Population and human health Due to the positive impact on biodiversity, flora and fauna, this supports population, human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + - The objective is positive in the long-term as it drives a reduction in the removal of non-target species, which supports the development of a sustainable marine economy for the sector, it ensures that sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long term viability of this sector, and others such as wildlife tourism and recreation. This objective is also in line with new regulations related to the discard ban.
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Page 159 of 219 Objective FISH 5: Bycatch of non-target species in the Clyde Marine Region is avoided or reduced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text There may be associated costs with adopting new gear or other technology which may add to operational costs. It is not clear whether this will create barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities such as new entrants joining the sector or it will have an impact on creating new jobs. Society 0 + No impact is identified from this objectives ability to maintain or improve accessibility and connectivity of coastal communities, promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. The positive impact of the objective is not deemed strong enough to support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion or to promote equality for all communities. It may contribute to maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment in terms of quality of experience if the objective leads to a boost in biodiversity which supports wildlife tourism and recreation opportunities such as angling. Objective FISH 6: Fisheries spatial management protects and enhances areas of importance to fisheries activities, including fish habitats such as nursery areas and spawning grounds. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. This objective is positive as spatial management can contribute to more sustainable use and protection of fisheries resources, including habitats relating to lifecycle stages of commercially important fish and shellfish species. This can also contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It can prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. The objective can also support the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) for a number of descriptors – 1, 3, 459, and 6. This assessment assumes that the policy will deliver an improvement in the marine ecosystem. Population and human health + P/L This objective is positive as it supports healthy ecosystems with high biodiversity and geodiversity which are an essential part of supporting human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + P/L The objective is positive as improving spatial management can help fisheries target activities more directly, thereby reducing the impact of fisheries on sensitive areas of the seabed and improving the conservation and enhancement of seabed’s integrity. No impact is identified on the other objectives under this SEA Topic. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + - P/L S/T Spatial management of fisheries can support healthy and resilient ecosystems (as indicated above) and so support the development of a sustainable marine economy, for the fishing sector, but also for other sectors through wider ecosystem 59 Descriptor 3: that population of commercial fish species is healthy. Descriptor 4: Elements of food webs ensure long-term abundance and reproduction
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Page 160 of 219 Objective FISH 6: Fisheries spatial management protects and enhances areas of importance to fisheries activities, including fish habitats such as nursery areas and spawning grounds. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text benefits that can result from this measure. It ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. This objective may be able to safeguard jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the CMR. It is not clear what impact this policy will have on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. There may be a negative impact to the fisheries industry in the short-term related to the cost of implementing tracking technology on vessels. Society + 0 P/L This objective can have a positive impact. Spatial management can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. This objective can have an impact on contributing to a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage – the impacts noted under marine economy above will also impact on coastal communities. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. This objective can support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion or on promoting equality. Objective FISH 7: Knowledge and data on fish stocks and areas of importance to fisheries activities are improved within the Clyde Marine Region to inform sustainable fisheries and to ensure that interactions with other marine users are well managed. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. This objective is positive as improved knowledge can contribute to more sustainable use and protection of fisheries resources, including habitats relating to lifecycle stages of commercially important fish and shellfish species. This can also contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. It can prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. The objective can also support the achievement of GEnvS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) for a number of descriptors – 1, 3, 460, and 6. This assessment assumes that the Objective will deliver an improvement in the marine ecosystem. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 No impact identified. Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics 60 Descriptor 3: that population of commercial fish species is healthy. Descriptor 4: Elements of food webs ensure long-term abundance and reproduction
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Page 161 of 219 Objective FISH 7: Knowledge and data on fish stocks and areas of importance to fisheries activities are improved within the Clyde Marine Region to inform sustainable fisheries and to ensure that interactions with other marine users are well managed. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + The objective is positive for the fishing sector. Improved knowledge and data on fish stocks and areas of importance to fishing activities will support the sustainable development of the fishing sector in the Region and ensure that sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support its long-term viability. As improved knowledge and data improves and contributes to sustainable fisheries management measures, this could remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and support new entrants to the sector. Furthermore, it could also safeguard and create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across the fishing sector, that will support and provide benefits to coastal communities within the Region. The objective is also positive for other sectors, where it can contribute to improved interactions with other users and there may be indirect benefits resulting from enhancement to the environment, that this objective promotes, which can benefit other sectors. Society ?/+ + 0 Potential positive Indirect There may be some positive to society in terms of supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities, where this objective can support the growth of the fishing sector. This can also be positive in terms of contributing to a communities’ sense of place, as it supports continuation of fishing activity, which is part of marine related heritage. There may be an indirect positive impact on improvement to people’s recreational experiences of the marine and coastal environment. No impact is identified on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities or on promoting access to coastal and marine resources to tourism and recreation. Policy FISH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid, minimise and/or appropriately mitigate significant adverse impacts: a) on commercial fishing opportunities, taking into account seasonality and the year-round operation of the affected fishery; b) on nursery, spawning and feeding areas for commercially fished species, and associated habitats and species; c) on fish stocks and the use of fuel by fishing vessels due to displacement, including related impacts on the wider marine environment; d) on the social, cultural and economic importance of fishing, in particular to fragile communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. This policy is positive for commercially harvested fish populations as it supports a sustainable management of the fisheries through supporting measures which enable population levels to support producing Maximum Sustainable Yield. These measures can have knock-on benefits for other species and the wider ecosystem, for instance through supporting the food-web interactions. Mitigation hierarchy measures introduced to protect important areas for fisheries and to protect seabed habitats and species, which this policy supports, also contribute to conserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. Furthermore, it can prevent damage to important biological
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Page 162 of 219 Policy FISH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid, minimise and/or appropriately mitigate significant adverse impacts: a) on commercial fishing opportunities, taking into account seasonality and the year-round operation of the affected fishery; b) on nursery, spawning and feeding areas for commercially fished species, and associated habitats and species; c) on fish stocks and the use of fuel by fishing vessels due to displacement, including related impacts on the wider marine environment; d) on the social, cultural and economic importance of fishing, in particular to fragile communities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This policy can also support achieving GEnvS and GEcS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) (in particular descriptors 3, 4 & 6) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. Population and human health + The impact of this policy is positive as it supports measures which ensure healthy ecosystems and that these can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes This policy contains a measure focussed on protecting associated habitats which can lead to further spatial management as appropriate. This is positive as it supports sustainable management of geodiversity which can ensure ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced. No impact is identified on the other SEA objectives for this topic. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + P/L The policy is positive as an improved understanding of fisheries and habitats can lead to a better understanding of climate change impacts on fisheries, thus improving adaptation activities. No impact is identified on mitigation. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + P/L This policy is positive – collaborative working with developers, as supported here, can provide a range of benefits such as an improvement in sharing information and in working relationships which can deliver progress faster and build better working relationships between users of the marine environment. In the long term, this policy seeks to further knowledge through appropriate management to inform the sustainable management of the ecosystem, including its species and habitats that the fisheries industry relies on. This can have a positive impact on the long-term viability of the sector and can deliver sustainable use of the Region’s resources. This in turn can safeguard or create jobs in this sector, and potentially (through wider ecosystem benefits) support new or existing businesses (e.g. supply chain) that support the sustainable development of the marine economy, reduce barriers to new entrants and support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the region. Society + P/L This policy is positive as it can support the fishing industry and therefore the coastal communities which rely on this sector. The policy can support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and will promote equality for all communities. The policy can also contribute to communities’ sense of place, including the protection of and access to marine-related heritage. No impact is identified on the other objectives under this topic.
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Page 163 of 219 Policy FISH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate how they would encourage an ecosystem-based approach to the management of fishing in the Firth of Clyde, reflecting the general and sectoral objectives of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The policy is positive for the objectives for these topics. The measures support better knowledge and understanding of species, their interactions, habitats and the impacts on human activities on species and habitats (ecosystem-based approach). This in itself is beneficial for these SEA topics, however the policy encourages the measures to be taken forward to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems, which is also beneficial. In considering a wide range of factors through the measures, the policy can have a positive impact on a range of ecosystem services derived from the marine and coastal ecosystem; including, food production, carbon stores, wildlife habitat and shelter, and human health and wellbeing provided by the sea, healthy functioning ecosystems and non-use values derived from protection measures. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The impact is positive for the marine economy both directly for the fisheries sector and more widely for other industries that will also derive benefits from the improved health and functioning of the marine environment, such as wildlife tourism and recreational activities. The policy supports sustainable development and use of the Region’s resources. In the long-term improvements derived through improved fisheries management could remove barriers to new marine opportunities and can safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy (e.g. if there is diversity in the types of fish stocks that can be harvested or if there are increased stocks). No impact is identified on protecting marine assets. No negative impacts are identified as the policy supports these measures and they are not a requirement. Society 0 + Secondary No impact is identified on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, on promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation or on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment. In the support the outcomes can generate for the fishing sector, this policy may be able to provide a minor reduction in the magnitude of poverty and contribute to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. Policy FISH 3: The appropriate fishing agencies, organisation and/or fishers that use an area that could be affected by a proposed development should be consulted at an early stage in the site-selection, design and planning process. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text
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Page 164 of 219 Policy FISH 3: The appropriate fishing agencies, organisation and/or fishers that use an area that could be affected by a proposed development should be consulted at an early stage in the site-selection, design and planning process. Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. No impact is identified. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The policy is positive as it can reduce conflict between fishing and other sectors which is in support of a sustainable marine economy in the Region across a range of sectors. No impact is identified on the use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine assets, on protecting marine assets, on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise and on safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy. Society + 0 Se There may be indirect positive impacts on improving the experiences of users of the marine environment through increased communication, collaboration and co-ordination. Recommendation rFISH 1: Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) stock assessments are available for all harvested species, appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate; b) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity; and c) improving technology and fishing practices which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are This recommendation is positive for commercially harvested fish populations as it supports a sustainable management of the fisheries through firstly ensuring stock assessments are available for all commercial target species (this can help ensure they are not overfished) and supporting measures which enable population levels to support producing Maximum Sustainable Yield. These measures can have knock-on benefits for other species and the wider ecosystem, for instance
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Page 165 of 219 Recommendation rFISH 1: Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) stock assessments are available for all harvested species, appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate; b) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity; and c) improving technology and fishing practices which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text identified as positive. through supporting the food-web interactions. Spatial management measures introduced to protect important areas for fisheries and to protect seabed habitats and species, which this recommendation supports, also contribute to conserving and enhancing the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. Furthermore, it can prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This recommendation can also support achieving GEnvS and GEcS under the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) (particular descriptor 3, 4 & 6) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. Improving technology used by fisheries, including reducing bycatch, can reduce the impact of the sector on on-target species Population and human health + The impact of this recommendation is positive as it supports measures which ensure healthy ecosystems and that these can continue to support human health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes This recommendation contains a measure focussed on monitoring seabed habitats which can lead to further spatial management as appropriate. This is positive as it supports sustainable management of geodiversity which can ensure ecosystems and their associated benefits are maintained and enhanced. No impact is identified on the other SEA objectives for this topic. Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors + P/L The recommendation is positive as an improved understanding of fisheries and habitats can lead to a better understanding of climate change impacts on fisheries, thus improving adaptation activities. No impact is identified on mitigation. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + P/L This recommendation is positive – collaborative working, as supported here, can provide a range of benefits such as an improvement in sharing information and in working relationships which can deliver progress faster and build better working relationships between users of the marine environment. In the long term, this recommendation seeks to further knowledge through having stock assessments for all commercial target species and appropriate management to inform the sustainable management of the ecosystem, including its species and habitats that the fisheries industry relies on. This can have a positive impact on the long-term viability of the sector and can deliver sustainable use of the Region’s resources. This in turn can safeguard or create jobs in this sector, and potentially (through wider ecosystem benefits)
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Page 166 of 219 Recommendation rFISH 1: Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) stock assessments are available for all harvested species, appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate; b) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity; and c) improving technology and fishing practices which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text support new or existing businesses (e.g. supply chain) that support the sustainable development of the marine economy, reduce barriers to new entrants and support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the region. Society + P/L This recommendation is positive as it can support the fishing industry and therefore the coastal communities which rely on this sector. The recommendation can support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and will promote equality for all communities. The policy can also contribute to communities’ sense of place, including the protection of and access to marine-related heritage. No impact is identified on the other objectives under this topic. Recommendation rFISH 2: Scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems are encouraged. This includes, but is not limited to: a) studies to consider pressures on harvested stocks such as food web interaction and climate change; b) improved understanding of the habitats and areas that support fisheries including pressure/state relationships and ecosystem role/function; and c) continued monitoring of seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The recommendation is positive for the objectives for these topics. The measures support better knowledge and understanding of species, their interactions, habitats and the impacts on human activities on species and habitats. This in itself is beneficial for these SEA topics, however the recommendation encourages the measures to be taken forward to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems, which is also beneficial. In considering a wide range of factors through the measures, the recommendation can have a positive impact on a range of ecosystem services derived from the marine and coastal ecosystem; including, food production, carbon stores wildlife habitat and shelter, and human health and wellbeing provided by the sea, healthy functioning ecosystems and non-use values derived from protection measures. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water 0 No impact is identified. Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage
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Page 167 of 219 Recommendation rFISH 2: Scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems are encouraged. This includes, but is not limited to: a) studies to consider pressures on harvested stocks such as food web interaction and climate change; b) improved understanding of the habitats and areas that support fisheries including pressure/state relationships and ecosystem role/function; and c) continued monitoring of seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The impact is positive for the marine economy both directly for the fisheries sector and more widely for other industries that will also derive benefits from the improved health and functioning of the marine environment, such as wildlife tourism and recreational activities. The recommendation supports sustainable development and use of the Region’s resources. In the long-term improvements derived through improved fisheries management could remove barriers to new marine opportunities and can safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy (e.g. if there is diversity in the types of fish stocks that can be harvested or if there are increased stocks). No impact is identified on protecting marine assets. No negative impacts are identified as the policy supports these measure and they are not a requirement. Society 0 + Secondary No impact is identified on maintaining or improving accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, on promoting access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation or on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment. In the support the outcomes can generate for the fishing sector, this recommendation may be able to provide a minor reduction in the magnitude of poverty and contribute to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine related heritage. Recommendation rFISH 3: Fishers should follow the Scottish Entanglement Alliance best practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine animals becoming entangled in fishing gear. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The recommendation is positive as it contributes to reducing the risk of entanglement of marine animals in the Region. This recommendation can prevent damage to protected species including the benefits they provide. This can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of integrity of ecosystems. As the recommendation can deliver a positive impact for marine animals that are at risk of entanglement, this contributes to ensuring healthy ecosystems. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impacts are identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets
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Page 168 of 219 Recommendation rFISH 3: Fishers should follow the Scottish Entanglement Alliance best practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine animals becoming entangled in fishing gear. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The recommendation can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region for the fishing sector. As this is a recommendation and it is not a statutory policy that is required to be followed, People can decide how and when to adopt this recommendation and so there are no negative impacts identified. No impact is identified on ensuring the sustainable use of the Region’s resources, protecting marine assets, removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprises and safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. Society + 0 Se There may be an indirect positive impact on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience related to wildlife tourism. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. Recommendation rFISH 4: Fishers should follow best practice guidelines in relation to static gear buoy markings in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse interactions with other marine users. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The recommendation is positive as it contributes to reducing the risk of entanglement of marine animals in the Region. This recommendation can prevent damage to protected species including the benefits they provide. This can contribute to the conservation and enhancement of integrity of ecosystems. As the recommendation can deliver a positive impact for marine animals that are at risk of entanglement, this contributes to ensuring healthy ecosystems. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impacts are identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The recommendation can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region for the fishing sector. As this is a recommendation and it is not a statutory policy that is required to be followed, People can decide how and when to adopt this recommendation and so there are no negative impacts identified. No impact is identified on ensuring the sustainable use of the Region’s resources, protecting marine assets, removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprises and safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors.
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Page 169 of 219 Recommendation rFISH 4: Fishers should follow best practice guidelines in relation to static gear buoy markings in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse interactions with other marine users. Society + 0 Se There may be an indirect positive impact on maintaining or improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of quality of experience related to wildlife tourism. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. Aquaculture Objective AQUA 1: Sustainable development and diversification of the aquaculture sector in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity of the Clyde Marine Region, providing socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands and supporting the wider supply chain in Scotland. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Many of the negative impacts which could arise from aquaculture activities are mitigated by policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. Policies from the NMP must also be adhered to and would need to be considered and applied. Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA,) which can ensure adverse effects can be avoided. Furthermore, SEPA are the regulating authority for aquaculture and would review any aquaculture proposals as part of the planning process, ensuring they comply with relevant legislation and guidance and have obtained the required consents, such as a Controlled Activities Regulations licence. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the Plan and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Growth in aquaculture has the potential to have negative impacts on: biodiversity; flora and fauna; population and human health; marine sediments; the seabed; and on water quality. These can include: a reduction to the biological carrying capacity; damage or loss to the seabed; loss of foraging habitats; smothering of seabed habitats; attraction of piscivorous birds and mammals to fish cages which can lead to culling; increased risk of introduction of non-native and invasive non-native species; interactions between wild and farmed salmon impacting on genetic integrity or increasing the risk of spreading of sea lice; a reduction in water quality through eutrophication; and damage to the seabed through anchoring. Creation or expansion of aquaculture activities can have an adverse visual impact, resulting from the presence of cages and supporting infrastructure, which can have a negative impact on landscapes/seascapes. In addition, aquaculture activities can impact on the loss or damage of historic environment features, including adverse impacts on their setting through anchoring or construction activities. This objective stipulates that development should be sustainable, sited in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity of the region and also promotes a diversification of the sector. These factors, as well as the requirement to consider the general policies of the CRMP and the NMP, incorporate wider a consideration of the SEA topics and so can mitigate a negative impact on them, therefore this objective is considered to have a neutral impact. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy +, - P/L S/T This objective could be negative for the sector, as there may be related costs as a result of implementing sustainable development principles and limiting operations to the carrying capacity of the Region (posing barriers, on safeguarding and/or creating jobs). However, in the long term, these measures ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of this and other marine sectors and would therefore safeguard and potentially create aquaculture jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy. No impact is identified on protecting marine assets (such as mineral assets).
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Page 170 of 219 Objective AQUA 1: Sustainable development and diversification of the aquaculture sector in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity of the Clyde Marine Region, providing socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands and supporting the wider supply chain in Scotland. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society +, 0 P/L The objective specifies that sustainable development of the industry should provide socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands – this is positive for these communities, and can support a reduction of the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and promote equality for all communities. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. Objective AQUA 2: Aquaculture development actively contributes to the protection and enhancement of the marine environment in the Clyde Marine Region by undertaking action and/or research & development initiatives which support sustainable development of the sector, including climate change mitigation and adaptation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + 0 P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. This objective has a positive impact on these topics where research and development initiatives can deliver protection and enhancement to the marine environment. No impact is identified where these activities may not contribute to this. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors + 0 This objective has a positive impact on these topics where research and development initiatives include climate change mitigation and adaptation. No impact is identified where these activities may not contribute to this. Material assets 0 No impact is identified. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + 0 This objective is positive as research and development, whilst presenting an initial cost to business, can lead to operational benefits and potentially lead to longer terms efficiencies and cost-saving measures. This objective supports the development of a sustainable marine economy for the aquaculture sector and it ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors No impact is identified on the other objectives under this topic. Society 0 No impact is identified. FINFISH POLICIES:
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Page 171 of 219 Policy AQUA 1: Proposals for finfish farming development should have regard to: a) the Technical Standard for open net Finfish Aquaculture and any future Technical Standard for open net, semi-closed or closed systems; and b) the requirements outlined in the mandatory control measures for the live capture of Scottish wild wrasse for salmon farms and any future fisheries management or legislation regarding cleaner fish. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation measures are identified as the impacts identified are neutral or positive. This policy is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna and population and human health as the measures within the policy will contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of the ecosystems, their interaction and the benefits they provide – both for wild salmon populations and for wrasse populations. The measures drive practices that will reduce the risk of escapees and reduce the risk of sea lice infection into wild populations, which also protects wild salmon populations. Ensuring the health of these species contributes to wider ecosystem health and is positive for human health and wellbeing. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy ? It is not clear what the impact of this policy is on the marine economy, as the measures set out are likely already implemented to a certain extent (as noted above) amongst aquaculture operators and so will present no additional costs. Where these measures are not adopted, this policy may introduce barriers to marine enterprise opportunities and may impact the creation or safeguarding of jobs. However, these measures can also be positive for the marine economy if adopted as they support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the region and ensure the sustainable use of the region’s resources to support the long term viability of the sector. Society 0 No impact is identified. Policy AQUA 2: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered site management actions or initiatives to improve sea lice and disease management, and to reduce the risk of fish escapes. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text
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Page 172 of 219 Policy AQUA 2: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered site management actions or initiatives to improve sea lice and disease management, and to reduce the risk of fish escapes. Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation measures are identified as the impacts identified are neutral or positive. This policy is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna and population and human health as the measures within the policy will contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of the ecosystems, their interaction and the benefits they provide. The measures drive practices that will reduce the risk of escapees and reduce the risk of sea lice infection into wild populations, which also protects wild salmon populations. Ensuring the health of these species contributes to wider ecosystem health and is positive for human health and wellbeing. The policy may result in a reduction in medicine and chemical inputs and therefore be positive for seabed sediments and water quality. No impact is identified on the other SEA topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy ? It is not clear what the impact of this policy is on the marine economy, as the measures set out are likely already implemented to a certain extent (as noted above) amongst aquaculture operators and so will present no additional costs. Where these measures are not adopted, this policy may introduce barriers to marine enterprise opportunities and may impact the creation or safeguarding of jobs. However, these measures can also be positive for the marine economy if adopted as they support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the region and ensure the sustainable use of the region’s resources to support the long term viability of the sector. Society 0 No impact is identified. SHELLFISH POLICIES: Policy AQUA 3: Proposals for mussel farms should be considered where they support delivery of the policy outcomes of NPF4 through policy 32 on aquaculture, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No impact identified.
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Page 173 of 219 Policy AQUA 3: Proposals for mussel farms should be considered where they support delivery of the policy outcomes of NPF4 through policy 32 on aquaculture, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Population and human health No mitigation is identified as the impact is found to be neutral or positive. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + The rationale of this policy is to ensure mussel farming is carried out in a financially stable way, as it has been identified that mussel farms with production capacity of less than 250 tonnes per year are not financially viable. This policy promotes consideration of factors to promote the financial viability of such enterprises. This approach supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the region. This can also safeguard jobs. Society + 0 Minor This policy may have a very minor impact on supporting a reduction in the magnitude of poverty where it enables the sustainability of mussel farms in the Region. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. SEAWEED CULTVATION POLICY: Policy AQUA 4: Proposals for seaweed cultivation should have regard to the latest Scottish Government Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement and any subsequent guidance and/or planning requirements. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified from this policy. The assessment assumes that the policy, guidance and/or planning requirements will mitigate any negative impacts on these SEA Topics. These should be adhered to in advance of this CRMP, along with the policies in the General Policies chapter of the CRMP and the policies of the NMP, to ensure environmental protection. This policy is beneficial in a broader sense as it can increase awareness of the requirements for seaweed cultivation. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes
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Page 174 of 219 Policy AQUA 4: Proposals for seaweed cultivation should have regard to the latest Scottish Government Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement and any subsequent guidance and/or planning requirements. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 + No impact is identified from this policy. Businesses are required to be compliant with policy, guidance and/or planning requirements, which may present operational or cost considerations for these businesses. This policy does not introduce new conditions which could impose additional barriers and will be adhered to in advance of this CRMP. This policy is beneficial as it can increase awareness of the requirements for seaweed cultivation. Society 0 No impact is identified. Policy AQUA 5: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered that there is no artificial nutrient enrichment of the marine environment to aid production. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified from this policy. The assessment assumes that the policy, guidance and/or planning requirements will mitigate any negative impacts on these SEA Topics. These should be adhered to in advance of this CRMP, along with the policies in the General Policies chapter of the CRMP and the policies of the NMP, to ensure environmental protection. This policy is beneficial in a broader sense as it can increase awareness of the requirements for seaweed cultivation. The policy is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna and population and human health as, depending on various factors, artificial enrichment of the marine environment can lead to eutrophication and negative effects such as algal blooms which can be damaging to some marine species and negatively impact on water quality. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 + No impact is identified from this policy. Businesses are required to be compliant with policy, guidance and/or planning requirements, which may present operational or cost considerations for these businesses. This
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Page 175 of 219 Policy AQUA 5: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered that there is no artificial nutrient enrichment of the marine environment to aid production. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text policy does not introduce new conditions which could impose additional barriers and will be adhered to in advance of this CRMP. This policy is beneficial as it can increase awareness of the requirements for seaweed cultivation. As this is an emerging sector no operators are currently carrying out enrichment and so are not losing out as a result of this measure. Furthermore, if operators were to artificially enrich the marine environment, this may provide some short term benefits through an increase in production, however this would not be in line with the long term sustainability of the marine economy of the Region nor would it support the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of the sector and so artificial enrichment would be unlikely to be supported. No impact is identified. Society 0 No impact is identified. Recommendation rAQUA 1: Initiatives are encouraged by land and homeowners and public authorities to reduce diffuse pollution and point source pollution from entering water bodies, which can negatively impact water quality, particularly within Shellfish Water Protected Areas. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. This is a recommendation and not a statutory policy, but where it is voluntarily followed it would likely result in a positive impact as the measure supports improved water quality. This supports water regulation, which in turn supports marine life and therefore biodiversity, flora and fauna and human health. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + This is a recommendation and not a statutory policy, but where it is voluntarily followed it would likely result in a positive impact as the measure supports improved water quality, and this can support the development of a sustainable marine economy for this sector and ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources.
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Page 176 of 219 Recommendation rAQUA 1: Initiatives are encouraged by land and homeowners and public authorities to reduce diffuse pollution and point source pollution from entering water bodies, which can negatively impact water quality, particularly within Shellfish Water Protected Areas. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text There may be some small scale, short term negative impacts for any businesses that undertake initiatives to reduce diffuse and point source pollution in line with this recommendation. Society + 0 Where implemented this recommendation could be positive for society as it improves the quality of experience of recreational users, contributing to recreational and spiritual services and in supporting enjoyment of sense of place. No impact on the other SEA objectives is identified. Sport, Recreation and Tourism Objective SRT 1: The Clyde Marine Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism experiences for local people and visitors. The social benefits, including health and wellbeing, economic benefits and environmental benefits (through protection and enhancement of unique, natural resources which attract visitors and which are relied upon for recreational activities) generated by this sector are protected and spread across residents, local communities and beyond. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 This policy is subject to the NMP and Policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies, thereby mitigating adverse impacts that may arise from this policy. Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These consenting processes are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any identified negative impacts identified in this Assessment. The CMRP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users when considering potential negative impacts. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by There is scope for this objective to have a negative impact on the SEA topics if the objective drives an increase in activities, or the development of facilities or infrastructure. An increase in such activities can increase the likelihood of spreading invasive and non-native species, damaging habitats and species leading to associated localised negative impacts on the seabed, its sediments and processes, water and air quality and could increase greenhouse gas emissions. The specific impacts of this would be determined according to individual developments, projects or activities. However, considering the context of this objective and that users of the Region must adhere to the NMP as well as the General Policies and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP, the assessment assumes that any potential negative impacts are mitigated by the measures put in place through these policies. In addition, the objective stipulates that experiences provided are sustainable which requires them to be carried out in a way which does not exhaust natural resources or cause severe ecological damage. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape
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Page 177 of 219 Objective SRT 1: The Clyde Marine Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism experiences for local people and visitors. The social benefits, including health and wellbeing, economic benefits and environmental benefits (through protection and enhancement of unique, natural resources which attract visitors and which are relied upon for recreational activities) generated by this sector are protected and spread across residents, local communities and beyond. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the Plan and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. SA topics Marine economy + P/L The objective is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region for this sector. The objective states that the ‘Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism’, acknowledging that this sector relies on a healthy and clean marine and coastal environment to support the long-term viability of this sector. The objective seeks to avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and may safeguard and/or create jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. Society + 0 The objective is positive as it promotes access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. It can also contribute to a communities’ sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage and can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. It can improve health and wellbeing of residents, local communities and visitors to the Region. These impacts can support the reduction of social exclusion and help promote equality for all communities. No impact is identified on the other SA objectives. Objective SRT 2: Public access to the sea is improved in the Clyde Marine Region, along with supporting infrastructure and facilities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. There is potential for this objective to have localised negative impacts on these SEA Topics, depending on the location and context of any projects or activities that improve public access points, along with infrastructure and facilities. Existing planning processes will take the potential for negative impacts into account. The NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP must also be considered in advance of this objective and will mitigate any potential negative impacts. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water
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Page 178 of 219 Objective SRT 2: Public access to the sea is improved in the Clyde Marine Region, along with supporting infrastructure and facilities. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape 0 There is potential for localised negative impacts on landscapes/seascapes; however, it is expected that any negative impact will be mitigated when considering the NMP as well as policies in Chapter 3: Landscape/seascape of the CRMP. SA topics Marine economy + 0 The objective is positive as it supports the sustainable development of the sport, recreation and tourism sector. It may contribute to safeguarding and/or creating construction related jobs. No impact is identified on the other SA objectives for this topic. Society + 0 The objective is positive for society as it supports improved public access to the marine environment for sport, recreation and tourism. This contributes to a community’s sense of place, by allowing increased use for sport and recreation and can maintain and improve the experiences of recreational users, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No impact is identified on the other objectives. Policy SRT 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine-related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism, b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives, d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore facilities in the Region, f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These consenting processes are There is scope for this policy to have a negative impact on the SEA topics if the policy drives an increase in activities, or the development of facilities or infrastructure. A growth in such activities can increase the likelihood of spreading invasive and non-native species, damage habitats and species and lead to associated localised negative impacts on geodiversity, water and air quality and increase greenhouse gas emissions. An increase in wildlife tourism can lead to detrimental impacts on wildlife, if poor practices are followed and in particular there could be a potential negative cumulative impact on marine mammals if there was too much wildlife tourism activity. However, the recommendation in this chapter encourages all operators to become Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Commented [RA2]: Define Commented [CC3R2]: Footnote added to define
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Page 179 of 219 Policy SRT 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine-related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism, b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives, d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore facilities in the Region, f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any negative impacts identified in this assessment. The CRMP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users when considering potential negative impacts. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies WiSe scheme certified, which would reduce any potential negative impacts associated with bringing vessels or people to close to wildlife where this recommendation was followed. In addition, potential cumulative impacts should be considered through policy NH 2. The assessment also assumes that operators are following existing legislation which protects many species and habitats, including marine mammals. The specific impacts of this would be determined according to individual developments, projects or activities. However, the policy has a positive impact on these SEA Topics. It primarily stipulates that sustainable developments and/or activities are proposed. Furthermore, several of the measures which are encouraged (a&g) can reduce the use of and impact on natural resources. Specifically, multiple use of facilities and infrastructure can have a reduced impact in comparison to developing new facilities or infrastructure. . Spending time in the marine and coastal environment also provides benefits to both physical and mental health and wellbeing – this is increased when access to sport, recreation and tourism facilities are made more accessible and the offering is increased both in terms of geographical coverage and duration. Providing effective wash down facilities that do not allow non-native species to go back into the water, can reduce the risk of spreading non-native species and introducing non-native species to new areas. This can contribute to the achievement of the Marine Strategy Regulation (2010), in particular Descriptor 2. Water + P/L The policy is positive as it supports facilities and infrastructure with pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users. These facilities can contribute to a reduction in disposal of waste at sea, which would result in a negative impact on water quality, and maintain clean and safe waters for recreational use and for food production. Wash down facilities can help reduce the spread of non-native and invasive non-native species and the introduction of non-native species. Overall, this can contribute towards achieving GEcS under the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. Air ? The impact on this SEA topic is unclear as depending on the type of activities taking place at multiple use hubs, there could be a negative impact on air quality. For example, an increased use of motorised vessels could cause increased air pollution in some locations. Climatic factors ? The impacts on climatic factors are unclear. Increased sport, recreation and tourism, depending on the specific activity, could lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions. It is unclear what impact this policy would have on adaptation activities. However, other policies within the draft CRMP seek development(s) and/or activities to consider mitigation and adaptation activities; this should be adhered to in conjunction with this policy. Commented [RA2]: Define Commented [CC3R2]: Footnote added to define
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Page 180 of 219 Policy SRT 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine-related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism, b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives, d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore facilities in the Region, f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Material assets + P/L of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. Encouraging multiple use hubs for marine sport and recreation can have a positive impact on material assets by ensuring that material assets are used efficiently and sustainably, delivering multiple benefits and working in partnership with nature. Cultural heritage 0 P/L No impact is identified Landscape/seascape 0 Multiple use hubs can reduce any potential impacts on landscapes/seascapes that may arise from developments or the renewal of sport and recreation developments. SA topics Marine economy + P/L This policy is positive as it can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region for this sector. It ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. This policy can also remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprises and can safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors through the regeneration of coastal areas, and extend the tourism season and/or diversifying the sports, recreation and tourism offering. Society + P/L The policy is positive for society as it promotes access to coastal and marine resource for tourism and recreation. This policy can contribute to communities’ sense of place, including the protection of and access to marine-related heritage. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. This policy, can contribute to maintaining or improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities by extending the tourism season and/or diversifying sports, recreation and tourism offerings. This policy may also have a positive impact on improving access to sport and recreation and thus improve this aspect of equality within communities. Commented [RA2]: Define Commented [CC3R2]: Footnote added to define
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Page 181 of 219 Policy SRT 2: Proposals should be supported for the introduction, maintenance and improvement of the network of public slipways61 and shoreside infrastructure, along with supporting facilities where appropriate and where unacceptable adverse impacts on the environment and amenities are avoided, below the Mean High Water Springs, across the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 ? Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These consenting processes are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any negative impacts identified in this assessment. The CRMP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering any potential negative impacts. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in this CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. The impact of the development of sport and recreation infrastructure and facilities on these SEA topics is unclear; however, it has the potential to have negative impacts depending on the type and location of infrastructure and facilities. The policy is set within the context of other policies in the CRMP and in the NMP which require environmental issues to be taken into account during decision-making processes, so significant adverse effects can be avoided. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + The development of sport, recreation and tourism infrastructure and facilities could provide economic and employment benefits to the sector. There is potential for this policy to pose a barrier to opportunities for other marine sectors and enterprises. This would depend on the location and type of infrastructure and facility and is mitigated by policies within Chapter 9: All Sectors, such as exploring options for multiple use, which are also suggested in the policy SRT 1. Society + 0 This policy can have a positive impact for coastal communities as it has the potential to promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. It can also maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. 61 Public slipways are considered to be slipways where fees and/or permits are not required.
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Page 182 of 219 Policy SRT 3: National and international sport, recreational and tourism events for all recreational vessels are supported in the Clyde Marine Region. Organisers of such events: a) should undertake a risk assessment to identify likely significant impacts on protected areas and species, b) should collaborate with and seek advice from relevant authorities, (e.g. NatureScot) to acquire licences where needed and to identify and implement appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner in advance of any event taking place, and c) should inform the relevant Statutory Harbour Authority of the nature and details of the event in a timely manner in advance of the event taking place. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The policy is positive for biodiversity, flora and fauna as it encourages wider consideration of the potential environmental impacts of marine and coastal events taking place within the Region, such as noise pollution and disturbance to or collision with marine animals. The policy is also positive as it promotes the conservation of the integrity of ecosystems and can prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including the benefits they provide. This policy can also contribute to achieving the objectives of the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010), particularly under Descriptors 1, 6 &1162. Population and human health + P/L The policy is positive for population and human health as it contributes to the protection of healthy ecosystems, biodiversity and geodiversity and therefore the continued benefits that humans derive from the natural environment that can improve their health and wellbeing. Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact is identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy - + S/T P/L This policy may have short-term/temporary time and cost implications for the marine enterprises involved in running the events associated with undertaking a risk assessment and implementing any mitigation measures as required. This may have been a requirement in some cases regardless, depending on the type and size of event and the existing protections to protected species. Where it is not already a requirement, this may present a barrier to new and existing marine enterprise opportunities. The policy is positive in the long-term as it supports the sustainable development of the marine economy and ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of all marine sectors, including sport, recreation and tourism, this can in turn have a positive impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society + 0 The policy is positive as it can contribute to a community’s sense of place, including the protection of and access to marine-related heritage. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this topic. 62 Descriptor 11: Introduction of energy (including underwater noise) does not adversely affect the ecosystem.
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Page 183 of 219 Recommendation rSRT 1: All wildlife cruise tour operators operating within the Clyde Marine Region should be WiSe scheme certified. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as the impacts are identified as positive or neutral. If the recommendation is applied, it will have a positive impact for biodiversity, flora and fauna as it ensures the impact of wildlife cruises on marine animals is minimised, in line with the SEA objectives for this topic. Mitigating the impact of this activity through certification can contribute to wider ecosystem health and so this recommendation can also be positive for population and human health. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 0 No impact identified. Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + If the recommendation is applied, it is positive for operators within this sector as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy and ensures that sustainable use of the regions resources to support the long-term viability of this sector. No negative effect as this is a recommendation. Society 0 No impact identified. Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries Objective SHIP 1: Collaborative efforts to promote the Clyde Marine Region as a tourist destination are continued by supporting sustainable development of the market for cruise ships and smaller cruise vessels, whilst seeking opportunities for related socioeconomic activity. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as neutral. This objective is focussed on increasing the cruise ship activity in the Region. There is therefore potential for negative impacts on these SEA Topics, such as increased disturbance on biodiversity (particularly cetaceans), loss of habitat associated with the expansion of ports and harbours, risk of introducing invasive and non-native species, and increased sediment disturbance from increased vessel movement; however, the objective stipulates that the sustainable development of the market is supported which requires developments and activities to be carried out at a level which does not exhaust natural resources or cause severe ecological damage. In addition, many of these effects are mitigated by policies in the General Policies chapter which must be adhered to in advance of the sectoral policies in the CRMP. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes
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Page 184 of 219 Objective SHIP 1: Collaborative efforts to promote the Clyde Marine Region as a tourist destination are continued by supporting sustainable development of the market for cruise ships and smaller cruise vessels, whilst seeking opportunities for related socioeconomic activity. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water This objective will also be progressed in the context of the policies in the NMP, which require environmental issues to be taken into account during decision-making processes, so adverse effects can be avoided. Increased vessel movement in specific areas may have a detrimental impact on local air quality. Air quality is monitored by SEPA and through mechanisms such as the Scottish Air Quality Database Annual Report. Cruise ship operators must identify measures to avoid any detrimental impact to air quality. Operators should also ensure that suitable mitigation measures to abate air quality degradation are identified and implemented. Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + ? P/L The objective has a positive impact as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region. The assessment assumes that this policy will be taken forward within the context of the general policies within the CRMP and the policies of the NMP, and so ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources. It protects marine assets and maintains the potential to utilise then in the future. It is unclear if it will remove or avoid barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. It is likely that this objective will be able to safeguard and/or create jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the CMR. An increase in cruise ship activity in the Region may impact other sectors, for example by introducing restrictions or displacing other activities. Society + P/L The objective is positive as it promotes access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. It can also contribute to communities’ sense of place by improving access to marine-related heritage and improve the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment in terms of access and quality of experience. The objective supports a reduction in the magnitude of poverty, through the creation of new job opportunities. Objective SHIP 2: An increase in the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities in the Clyde Marine Region for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of marine structures and vessels, particularly where activities contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 It is difficult to determine the nature of the impact as it will be affected by any project and the scale at which it is carried out. Many of these impacts are mitigated by policies within the Section 1 and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. Policies from the NMP must also be adhered to. Depending on the nature of work (e.g. project size, type of structures) undertaken, location of construction, and servicing and decommissioning, there could be negative impacts on habitats and species. These impacts could include disturbance, injury or death through collisions with vessels and/or marine structures, and risk of introduction of non-native species. There may also be an increased risk of noise disturbance. This type of activity could lead to siltation, smothering benthic habitats and species. This objective may have a negative impact on human health due to increased levels of noise, visual disturbance and any negative impacts on the surrounding environment which may have secondary impacts on human health, particularly wellbeing. Excessive noise can impact on the quality of life, health, use and enjoyment of areas. Any detrimental impacts on the marine environment can also have Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air
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Page 185 of 219 Objective SHIP 2: An increase in the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities in the Clyde Marine Region for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of marine structures and vessels, particularly where activities contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Climatic factors Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood- risk) which can ensure adverse effects can be avoided. Air quality is monitored by SEPA and through mechanisms such as the Scottish Air Quality Database Annual Report. Cruise ship operators must identify measures to avoid any detrimental impact to air quality. Operators must also ensure that mitigation measures to abate air quality degradation are identified and implemented. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of coastal communities which may derive physical and mental health benefits from spending time at the sea. Increased movement of vessels associated with construction, servicing and decommissioning, and any associated capital or maintenance dredging required, may lead to increased disturbance of sediments affecting their natural processes and their ability to deliver certain services and benefits. Increased movement of vessels carrying marine structures increases disturbance of sediments and turbidity in the water column, negatively impacting water quality. There may be localised negative impacts on air quality as a result of increased vessel movements. The specific impact will depend on the location and amount of movement of marine structures. Development of this kind of activity may have a negative impact on climatic factors as it can result in the increase of greenhouse emissions through increased vessel movement and any associated machinery required for construction, servicing and decommissioning. Conversely, the objective supports activities that can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation and in the long term, it is positive to support this. The increase of the use of ports, harbours and coastal facilities could lead to additional stress/overstretch the capacity of these material assets. There may be a negative impact on cultural heritage if ports and harbours need to be expanded/adjusted to accommodate construction, servicing and decommissioning of marine structures. This objective could result in negative impacts on landscapes/seascapes as a result of the visual impact of increased vessel movement and movement of large marine structures and the potential storage of these structures in the region. This impact is dependent on the location, type and size of any works. While there is a wide range of potential negative impacts on these SEA Topics, the assessment assumes that many of these impacts are mitigated by policies within the General Policies and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. This objective will also be applied in the context of the policies in the NMP, which require environmental issues to be taken into account during decision-making process, so that adverse effects can be mitigated/ minimised. It is likely that licensing and consents will be required as part of the planning process and these processes may be supported by underlying assessments, such as an EIA, which could mitigate any adverse impacts. The overall impacts are unclear as they depend on the location, type and scale of construction, servicing and decommissioning works. Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + ? It is difficult to determine the This objective is positive as it supports the development of the marine economy in the Region relating to this industry and the energy sector. It does not set out how the sustainable use of the Region’s
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Page 186 of 219 Objective SHIP 2: An increase in the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities in the Clyde Marine Region for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of marine structures and vessels, particularly where activities contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text nature of the impact as it will be affected by any project and the scale at which it is carried out. resources is considered to support the long-term viability of marine sectors; however, mitigation measures explained above outline how this objective would work in context of the policies set out in section 1, which support sustainable development. This objective may present opportunities to safeguard and/or create jobs within this sector, or others that provide support to it, as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. The objective does not present any barriers to marine enterprise opportunities for this sector; however, it may create barriers to other sectors or marine enterprises by restricting the scope for development of other activities in areas where they are carried out, e.g. recreational activities. Society + - There are mixed effects on society. This objective may have a negative effect on promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation, which can negatively affect the access and quality of experience if access is affected by this type of industry. It can also have a negative effect on a community’s sense of place, including protection of and access to marine-related heritage where the negative impacts noted above under the SEA topics may occur. Increase in such activity in the area can also lead to positive impacts as it may contribute to regeneration of an area, and support a reduction in poverty through the creation of new jobs. Objective SHIP 3: Connectivity is improved and sustainable transport by sea and rail is increased within the Clyde Marine Region and beyond. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + Could be T/S if impacts are related to development and expansion or P/L if related to the movement of vessels. Indirect except for climatic factors. No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive. The objective is identified as having a positive impact on these SEA Topics. The increase in vessels, vessel movements and expansion of ports and harbours associated with this can have a range of negative impacts within the Region. For example, there may be an increased risk of disturbance, collision or strike risk to cetaceans, loss of habitat associated with the expansion of ports and harbours, increased risk of introduction of invasive and non-native species, increased sediment disturbance from increased vessel movement which can cause turbidity in the water and impact water quality; and in specific areas there may be a detrimental impact on local air quality. Expansion of ports and harbours and increased vessel movements may also have a negative impact on material assets, landscapes/seascapes and cultural heritage depending on siting and the specific details of projects related to improved marine connectivity. However, the objective stipulates increasing ‘sustainable transport’, which requires developments and activities to be carried out at a level which does not exhaust natural resources or cause severe ecological damage. One area in particular where benefits of sustainable transport could be seen is around reducing greenhouse gas emissions of vessels. If increased marine connectivity reduces road traffic this can also have a positive effect in terms of climate change mitigation and improving air quality, which will have a wider positive effect on the other SEA topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics
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Page 187 of 219 Objective SHIP 3: Connectivity is improved and sustainable transport by sea and rail is increased within the Clyde Marine Region and beyond. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + ? This objective is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine transport network in the Region and beyond. This can remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and can safeguard and/or create jobs that support new or existing sectors. This policy is likely to deliver operational or cost-related benefits to other sectors. The objective does not make it clear how the sustainable use of the Region’s resources are considered; however, the objective does indicate that moving towards more sustainable transport will be supported. Sustainable transport can help the Region contribute to climate change mitigation targets in the long term and can protect marine assets, maintaining the potential to utilise then in the future. It is not clear what impact this objective will have on safeguarding and/or creating jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy. Society + The objective has a clear positive impact on society, as it seeks to on improve the connectivity within the region and beyond, which can be beneficial particularly for coastal and island communities. It can also promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and improve the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of both access and quality of experience. The objective can also contribute to a community’s sense of place – improving connectivity can mean people are less likely to move away to find work if commuting is easier. This can maintain a community’s sense of identity, through reducing depopulation. This objective can support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and coastal exclusion and may, in fact, contribute to a decrease in these factors as improved connectivity can improve opportunities for local employment and social/recreational activities. Objective SHIP 4: Opportunities for associated environmental enhancement are explored where capital or maintenance dredging is proposed in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as neutral. This Objective relates only to the use of dredged material, and not dredging activity. The impact of this objective is positive. Dredged material can be used to provide benefits to biodiversity, flora and fauna. For example, beach nourishment can maintain the integrity of ecosystems and the flora and fauna that inhabit them. Dredged material can also be used to maintain coastal processes and to mitigate the likelihood or impact of coastal flooding, which will in turn also provide species and habitat benefits by protecting or maintaining these ecosystems from climate change impacts. This objective considers these options through the Best Practicable Environmental Option exercise of the current consenting process. This policy is already implemented through consideration of Best Practice Environmental Options which is part of the marine licensing process for dredging applications, however this objectives promotes the wider consideration of this measure by all stakeholders, which can assist in identifying opportunities for beneficial use. Protecting these features will result in benefits to population and human health, ensuring the continued enjoyment and benefits derived from the marine and coastal environment Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage
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Page 188 of 219 Objective SHIP 4: Opportunities for associated environmental enhancement are explored where capital or maintenance dredging is proposed in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape There may be a minimal or insignificant impact on landscapes/seascapes where dredged material is used for environmental enhancement. SA topics Marine economy + 0 The objective is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and the sustainable use of the Region’s resources which can support the long-term viability of marine sectors. This objective has no impact on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, on marine assets or on jobs in the region. Society + 0 There may be some positive impacts resulting from the beneficial use of dredged material for environmental enhancement which can improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment and contribute to communities’ sense of place through protection of marine-related heritage. The objective has no impact on the other SA objectives related to society. Policy SHIP 1: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported that encourage the sustainable growth of the cruise market for ships of around 150 m at appropriate locations, in particular at Dunoon, Rothesay, Helensburgh, Inveraray, Troon, Brodick, Fairlie, Holy Loch, Irvine, Greenock, Ayr, Ardrossan and Hunterston, and where the proposal demonstrates strong links to supporting sustainable tourism, including wildlife tourism, in the local area. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as neutral. There is potential for negative impacts on these SEA Topics, such as: increased disturbance for biodiversity; loss of habitat associated with the expansion of ports and harbours; risk of introduction of invasive and non-native species; increased sediment disturbance from increased vessel movement; and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Increased vessel movement in specific areas may have a detrimental impact on local air quality. Expansion of ports and harbours and increased vessel movements may also have a negative impact on material assets and cultural heritage. However, the policy specifies that the growth of the cruise market should be sustainable, and many of the impacts noted above are mitigated by policies within the NMP and the General Policies chapter of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. Development which encourages the growth of the cruise market for boats of around 150 m would be subject to existing consenting processes supported by environmental assessments where applicable (e.g. EIA, HRA) to identify the potential for these adverse effects and where appropriate, to mitigate them. Any future marine developments would be in accordance with these requirements. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy + ? P/L The policy is positive for the growth of the cruise market for boats of around 150 m. Growth of the industry in the locations noted can bring benefits, such as increased employment opportunities, and there is potential for improved facilities and infrastructure which could become multiple use facilities. In this way the policy can remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities (e.g. around links to sustainable tourism including wildlife tourism) and safeguard and/or create jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. While the policy specifies
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Page 189 of 219 Policy SHIP 1: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported that encourage the sustainable growth of the cruise market for ships of around 150 m at appropriate locations, in particular at Dunoon, Rothesay, Helensburgh, Inveraray, Troon, Brodick, Fairlie, Holy Loch, Irvine, Greenock, Ayr, Ardrossan and Hunterston, and where the proposal demonstrates strong links to supporting sustainable tourism, including wildlife tourism, in the local area. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text the cruise market for smaller cruise vessels, and this supports the growth of this sub-sector, there could also be potential for this to exclude or restrict other activities in some areas, and the policy does not necessarily support the development of a sustainable marine economy for other sectors, the impacts around this are unknown but could be judged on the location and scale of any proposal. Society + P/L The policy is positive as it also promotes access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation. The policy can support a reduction in the magnitude of poverty and social exclusion and furthermore can contribute to economic regeneration and the wellbeing of communities in some areas through the creation of employment opportunities. The policy contributes to improving the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Policy SHIP 2: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ? Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These consenting processes are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any negative impacts identified in this assessment. The CRMP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at Depending on the nature of work (e.g. project size, type of structures) undertaken, location of construction, servicing or decommissioning and any associated capital or maintenance dredging required, there is potential for negative impacts on habitats and species that could include disturbance, injury or death through collision with vessels or marine structures and risk of introduction of non-native species. There may also be an increased risk of noise disturbance. This type of activity could lead to siltation and smothering benthic habitats and species. Any subtidal construction or works could lead to alteration or destruction of some habitats, impacting the species that live there and overall impacting the integrity of ecosystems. This policy may have a negative impact on human health due to increased levels of noise, visual disturbance and other negative impacts. Excessive noise can impact on the quality of life, health, use and enjoyment of areas. Any detrimental impacts on the marine environment can also have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of coastal communities who may derive physical and mental health benefits from spending time at the sea. Increased movement of vessels associated with construction, servicing and decommissioning and/or movement of vessels carrying marine structures may lead to increased disturbance of sediments affecting their natural processes and their ability to deliver certain services and benefits, and turbidity in the water column, negatively impacting water quality. There may be localised negative impacts on air quality as a result of increased vessel movements. The specific impacts of this will depend on the location and amount of movement of marine structures such as oil rigs. As the objective that this policy is associated with particularly supports activities contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, there may be a positive impact on climactic factors. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape
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Page 190 of 219 Policy SHIP 2: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text providing guidance and support to developers and users by considering any potential negative impacts. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section one and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. This policy could result in negative impacts to material assets if ports and harbours need to be expanded/adjusted to accommodate construction, servicing and decommissioning of marine structures. There may be a negative impact on cultural heritage if ports and harbours need to be expanded/adjusted to accommodate construction, servicing and decommissioning of marine structures, or if the surrounding marine and coastal area undergoes an alteration, e.g. dredging or pile driving. This policy could result in negative impacts on landscapes/seascapes as a result of the visual impact of increased vessel movement and movement of large marine structures and the potential storage of these structures in the Region. This impact is dependent on the location, type and size of any works and so the impact is uncertain. While there is a wide range of potential negative impacts on these SEA Topics, the assessment assumes that many of these impacts are mitigated by policies within Section 1 and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. This policy will also be applied in the context of the policies in the NMP, which are relevant to the SEA topics and must be taken into account during decision-making processes, so that adverse effects can be mitigated/ minimised. This policy provides a regional context for policy TRANSPORT 2 in the NMP. It is likely that licensing and consents will be required as part of the planning process and these processes may be supported by underlying assessments, such as an EIA, which could mitigate any adverse impacts. The overall impacts are unclear as they depend on the location, type and scale of construction, servicing and decommissioning works. SA topics Marine economy + This policy is positive as it supports the development of the marine economy in the Region for this sector and any supporting sectors. It does not present barriers to marine enterprise for these businesses and can safeguard and/or create jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. The policy is not clear how it will support other sectors outside of these (and therefore it is not clear that it will remove barriers to these enterprises or safeguard and/or create jobs). The objective does not present any barriers to marine enterprise opportunities. In addition, the policy does not set out how the sustainable use of the Region’s resources are considered to support the long-term viability of marine sectors; however, mitigation measures explained above outline that this objective would work in context of the policies set out in section 1 and within the
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Page 191 of 219 Policy SHIP 2: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text NMP, which support sustainable development. This policy also provides regional context for NMP policy TRANSPORT 2. Society + - There are mixed effects on society. This objective may have a negative effect on promoting access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation, negatively affecting access and quality of experience. There can be mixed impacts on a community’s sense of place, including the protection of and access to marine-related heritage, as some communities may feel an increase in cruise vessels to be a positive addition to the activity of a place while other may feel it has a negative effect. Increase in such activity in the area can also lead to positive impacts as it may contribute to regeneration of an area and support a reduction in poverty through the creation of new jobs. All of the locations noted in the policy are nearby communities that fall into the most deprived 20% (2020) and so the economic activity created could have a positive impact, in terms of regenerating local areas. Policy SHIP 3: Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes, b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Could be T/S if they are related to developm ents and expansion s or P/L if related to the movemen t of vessels. Many of these impacts are mitigated by existing regulations and legislation. In addition, policies within the NMP, section 1 and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies and. Developments are subject to existing consenting processes which are supported by environmental assessments where applicable (e.g. EIA, HRA). These existing processes can identify the potential for adverse effects and, where appropriate, mitigate them. It is expected that any future marine developments would be in accordance with these requirements. This policy could result in an increase in vessels, vessel movements and the expansion of ports and harbours associated with this can have a range of negative impacts within the Region. There may be an increased risk of disturbance; collision or strike risk to cetaceans; loss of habitat associated with the expansion of ports and harbours; increased risk of introduction of invasive and non-native species; increased sediment disturbance from increased vessel movement which can cause turbidity in the water and impact water quality; increased greenhouse gas emissions (however, if increased marine connectivity reduces road traffic this can have a positive effect in terms of mitigation); and in specific areas there may be a detrimental impact on local air quality. Expansion of ports and harbours and increased vessel movements may also have a negative impact on material assets, landscapes/seascapes and cultural heritage depending on the siting and specific details of projects related to improving marine connectivity. This policy may have a negative impact on human health due to increased levels of noise, visual disturbance and any negative impacts. Excessive noise can impact on the quality of life, health, use and enjoyment of areas. Any detrimental impacts on the marine environment can Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape
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Page 192 of 219 Policy SHIP 3: Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes, b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Air quality is monitored by SEPA and through mechanisms such as the Scottish Air Quality Database Annual Report. Ferry operators must identify measures to avoid any detrimental impact to air quality. Operators must also ensure that suitable mitigation measures to abate air quality degradation are identified and implemented. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. also have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of coastal communities who may derive physical and mental health benefits from spending time at the sea. However, the policy supports the delivery of NMP policy TRANSPORT 3 which identified no impact on these topics. In addition, it stipulates moving towards ‘more sustainable transport’, which requires developments and activities to be carried out at a level which does not exhaust natural resources or cause severe ecological damage. One area in particular where benefits of sustainable transport could be seen is around reducing greenhouse gas emissions of vessels. If increased marine connectivity reduces road traffic this can also have a positive effect in terms of climate change mitigation and improving air quality. SA topics Marine economy + ? This policy is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region. It does not set out how the sustainable use of the Region’s resources are considered; however, it does indicate that moving towards more sustainable transport will be supported, indicating that environmental impacts will be considered as part of this policy. This can also have a positive implication for the protection of marine assets and the potential to utilise them in the future. Delivering more sustainable transport, particularly around the initiatives noted, could safeguard and/or create jobs as part of the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors, and that support/provide benefits to coastal communities within the CMR. The policy does not present any barriers to marine enterprise opportunities within this sector, but could require the multiple use of facilities/infrastructure between different sectors/users, when taken in combination with Policy SEC 1. Society + The policy has a clear positive impact on improving the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities. It can also promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and improve the experience of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, in terms of both access and quality of experience. The policy can also contribute to a community’s sense of place. Improving connectivity can mean people are less likely to move away to find work if commuting is easier and can help maintain a community’s sense of identity. This policy can support a reduction in the magnitude of
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Page 193 of 219 Policy SHIP 3: Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes, b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text poverty and social exclusion as improved connectivity can improve opportunities for employment and social/recreational activities. Policy SHIP 4: Proposals for capital and/or maintenance dredging activities should demonstrate that they have considered practicable and cost-effective environmental enhancement measures, such as beneficial use of dredged material or dredging methods that retain sediment in the natural system, and how these measures will be delivered, where this is practicable. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The impacts of the policy are positive, the positive impact of utilising dredged material are noted above in Objective SHIP 5. Furthermore, the policy focuses on delivering environmental enhancement where practical. This can help improve biodiversity and improve or support coastal processes such as flood protection. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air 0 No impact is identified. Climatic factors Material assets No impact is identified. Cultural heritage No impact is identified. Landscape/seascape There may be a limited impact on landscapes/seascapes where dredged material is used for environmental enhancement. SA topics Marine economy + 0 P/L The policy is positive as it supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors. Although there may be short-term costs for operators to utilise environmental enhancement measures, consideration of the Best Practicable Environmental Option is already part of existing processes and includes a cost-benefit analysis that shows environmental enhancement measures may mitigate some of these costs. In addition, utilising environmental enhancement measures will likely provide long-term benefits to marine industries. No impact is identified on removing or avoiding barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities, or safeguarding and/or creating jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors.
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Page 194 of 219 Policy SHIP 4: Proposals for capital and/or maintenance dredging activities should demonstrate that they have considered practicable and cost-effective environmental enhancement measures, such as beneficial use of dredged material or dredging methods that retain sediment in the natural system, and how these measures will be delivered, where this is practicable. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Society + 0 P/L This policy is positive, for society as the resulting effects of environmental enhancement can improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment and contribute to communities’ sense of place through the protection of marine-related heritage. The policy has no impact on the other SA objectives related to society. Policy SHIP 5: Proposals for new or upgraded infrastructure related to the powering of vessels, such as shoreside power facilities, or treatment of waste from closed loop exhaust gas cleaning systems or similar, will be supported where the infrastructure proposal demonstrates a long-term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + ? Secondary Many of these impacts are mitigated by existing regulations and legislation. In addition, policies within the NMP and Section 1 Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies and policies within the General – Sectors section. Capital and maintenance dredging are subject to existing consenting processes which are supported by environmental assessments, where applicable (e.g. EIA, HRA). These processes can identify the potential for these adverse effects and where appropriate, mitigate them. It is expected that any future marine developments would be in accordance with these requirements. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. This policy can result in a positive impact for these SEA topics by contributing to climate change mitigation activities and improving resilience, which will reduce the impacts of climate change on these SEA Topics. Shoreside power facilities can have a positive impact on localised air which can reduce vessels running their engines while in port and this policy can provide additional benefits in terms of reducing carbon emissions. There is little likelihood of causing significant negative impacts where power infrastructure upgrades applies to existing infrastructure that only requires maintenance or upgrading. Where it applies to the construction or development of new facilities, there could be a number of negative impacts. This would be dependent on the infrastructure upgrade but negative impacts could include: noise disturbance from piling or other construction work; displacement or disturbance of marine and coastal species; damage or loss of habitat; and disturbance of marine sediments leading to siltation of the water column. The nature of the impact is uncertain as it is dependent on the type and nature of infrastructure upgrades. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors + P/L The policy is positive for climate change mitigation and can contribute to the Region’s mitigation activities. No impact is identified from this policy on adaptation, however all policies need to adhere with Policy CC1, which requires adaptation activities to be considered. Material assets ? The policy is quite broad in nature, and infrastructure upgrades within the shipping, ports, harbours and ferries could incorporate a number of activities. Where this policy applies to existing infrastructure that only requires maintenance or upgrading, there is little likelihood of causing significant negative impacts. Where it applies to construction or development of new facilities, there could be a number of negative impacts. This would be dependent on the infrastructure upgrade but negative impacts could include: disturbance to unknown cultural heritage or detrimental impacts on the landscape/seascape from the construction of new infrastructure. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics
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Page 195 of 219 Policy SHIP 5: Proposals for new or upgraded infrastructure related to the powering of vessels, such as shoreside power facilities, or treatment of waste from closed loop exhaust gas cleaning systems or similar, will be supported where the infrastructure proposal demonstrates a long-term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy + P/L This policy supports the development of a sustainable marine economy within the region. Improvement to infrastructure can have a positive impact on marine related enterprises within the Region, providing more efficient or modern infrastructure leading to operational efficiencies. Improvements can also remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and safeguard and/or create jobs that support the development of a sustainable marine economy across new or existing sectors. Society + P/L The impact of this policy depends on the type and location of infrastructure upgrade, but in general could support all the SA objectives for this topic. Infrastructure upgrades could maintain or improve the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities, promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation as well as maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine environment and contribute to communities’ sense of place. Improving the contribution to climate change mitigation activity is positive for society. Recommendation rSHIP1: The use of compliant fuel is encouraged in the Clyde Marine Region. If an exhaust gas cleaning system is fitted, it should be used in closed loop mode. Large parts of the navigable Clyde are dredged; therefore, until there is sufficient evidence to be confident that the use of open loop scrubbers will not impact negatively on sediment quality (and hence on the ability to dispose of dredged sediment to sea), open loop scrubbers or hybrid scrubbers in open loop mode should not be used in the Clyde Marine Region. This applies in transit, at berth and at anchorage. The waste from the exhaust gas cleaning system should only be disposed at ports where appropriate reception facilities are available. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The measures outlined in the recommendation are part of international legislation and will provide a positive impact on air quality and human health. Therefore the element of the recommendation that encourages use of low-sulphur compliant fuel does not introduce anything additional to what is in place and is identified as having no impact on these SEA topics. The recommendation promotes the use of closed loop scrubbers, where low sulphur compliant fuel is not being used, in order to prevent sulphur accumulating in marine sediments. Therefore, this recommendation is identified as having a positive impact on sediments, marine geology and coastal processes. Accumulation of sulphur in marine sediments can negatively affect its ability to deliver ecosystem services, such as its ability to breakdown waste. The accumulation of sulphur in marine sediments can have a secondary negative impact on some marine biodiversity, human health and water, if the sediments are disturbed through dredging for example, and therefore the recommendation is identified as having a positive impact on these SEA topics too. No impact is identified on the other SEA topics. Population and human health 0 + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes + Water + Air 0 Climatic factors 0 Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics
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Page 196 of 219 Recommendation rSHIP1: The use of compliant fuel is encouraged in the Clyde Marine Region. If an exhaust gas cleaning system is fitted, it should be used in closed loop mode. Large parts of the navigable Clyde are dredged; therefore, until there is sufficient evidence to be confident that the use of open loop scrubbers will not impact negatively on sediment quality (and hence on the ability to dispose of dredged sediment to sea), open loop scrubbers or hybrid scrubbers in open loop mode should not be used in the Clyde Marine Region. This applies in transit, at berth and at anchorage. The waste from the exhaust gas cleaning system should only be disposed at ports where appropriate reception facilities are available. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Marine economy 0 + No impact is identified in relation to the measures already in place through international legislation. The recommendation can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in Region for this sector and ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources, through the reduction of emissions and waste water. No impact is identified on protecting marine assets, removing or avoiding barriers to new enterprise opportunities or on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. Society 0 No impact is identified on any of the SEA objectives. Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines Objective ENCA 1: The Clyde Marine Region plays its part in the transition to a decarbonised Scottish Economy while ensuring energy security. Offshore energy generation is essential to securing long term benefits and jobs for local communities and contributing to energy security. This includes the use of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna + P/L Secondary except for climactic factors No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The objective will have a positive impact, as reducing reliance on fossil fuels can enable and improve climate change mitigation activities. The objective supports the application of National climate change objectives at the regional level. This will increase the Region’s contribution to national greenhouse gas emissions targets and can reduce the impact of climate change in the Region. Climate change impacts are cross-cutting and varied across the range of SEA Topics, therefore any effort to reduce the impact of climate change can have a positive impact across all the SEA Topics. However, an increased use of renewable energy can have a significant negative impact on habitats and species and can result in loss of and/or damage to the seabed and its habitats through anchoring structures; create collision risk with seabirds and cetaceans; and can create changes in sediment transport through changes in energy levels in the water. The objective notes that renewable energy sources in the Region are increased and these negative effects will have already been considered as part of that process and been subject to the assessment and consultation of those Plans. Construction of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources are subject to consent and licensing processes which would include public consultation and assessments as appropriate – such as an EIA and/or HRA and consideration of cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes. These processes will mitigate any adverse impacts to these SEA Topics. In addition, this objective is proposed in the context of NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP, further ensuring there is no detrimental impact to these topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy P/T Enabling a reduction in the reliance on fossil fuels can have a short-term negative impact where placement of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy structures may exclude, displace or reduce capacity for some marine enterprises to operate in some areas. This can result in job losses and present barriers to new or existing marine enterprises. This impact can be minimised through the consideration of Objective SEC 2 and Policy SEC 1 which
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Page 197 of 219 Objective ENCA 1: The Clyde Marine Region plays its part in the transition to a decarbonised Scottish Economy while ensuring energy security. Offshore energy generation is essential to securing long term benefits and jobs for local communities and contributing to energy security. This includes the use of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources in the Clyde Marine Region. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text + promotes the multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area. However, the objective notes that renewable energy sources in the Region are increased in line with Sectoral Marine Plans and this negative impact will have already been considered as part of that process and been subject to the assessment and consultation of those Plans. In the long term, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the means of producing renewable energy can support the development of a sustainable marine economy, in the CMR, across a range of sectors and business sizes. This objective can also reduce marine businesses’ vulnerability to climate change impacts. The objective also ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors and can protect marine assets in the Region, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. Growth of the renewable energy sector within the Region can remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and can create jobs to support the renewable energy generation sector. Society + P/T There is potential for this objective to have a negative impact on the experiences of recreational users where activities may be limited or displaced, but as noted above this will have been taken into account and assessed through the development of the Sectoral Marine Plans. No impact on the other SA objectives is identified; however, there will be societal benefits from climate change mitigation and any potential jobs generated through an increase in activity of this sector within the Region. Where there can be community involvement in wind farm developments, this can have positive impacts on coastal communities/society, and greater benefits can be expected if they are community owned developments.63 Objective ENCA 2: The laying, replacement and maintenance of important subsea cables and pipelines in the Clyde Marine Region is undertaken with due consideration of all marine users. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 0 Existing consenting processes for coastal and marine developments are in place and these are likely to be supported by underlying assessments (e.g. EIA, flood-risk). These consenting processes are currently the primary mechanisms for the identification, assessment and, where necessary, avoidance and/or mitigation of any negative impacts identified in this assessment. The CRMP is not expected to change these assessments but is instead aimed at providing guidance and support Laying, replacing and maintaining important subsea cables and pipelines has the potential to have a range of negative impacts on these SEA topics including: loss of and/or damage to coastal and benthic habitats and species; electromagnetic field effects on species sensitive to this; benthic smothering from sediments generated during installation; a reduction in water quality from increased turbidity; and a reduction in ecological status through loss of and/or damage to benthic habitats and species through the processes noted above. These activities can also impact on cultural heritage resulting in the loss and/or damage to coastal and/or underwater historic environment features or archaeology. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors 63 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264837709000039
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Page 198 of 219 Objective ENCA 2: The laying, replacement and maintenance of important subsea cables and pipelines in the Clyde Marine Region is undertaken with due consideration of all marine users. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Material assets to developers and users by considering any potential negative impacts. Where an impact is uncertain, it is expected further determination of this could be made by considering the specific details of any proposals. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Users of the CRMP must also adhere to the policies of the NMP, as well as all the policies of Section 1 and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP. Depending on the type and location of activity, cable and/or pipeline laying, replacement and/or maintenance, there may be a reduction in landscape quality through landfall. A potential negative impact on marine geology and coastal processes could also occur as a result of these activities. While there is a wide range of potential negative impacts on these SEA Topics, the assessment assumes that many of these impacts are mitigated by policies within the Section 1and Chapter 9: All Sectors of the CRMP which must be adhered to in advance of sectoral policies. This objective will also be applied in the context of the policies in the NMP, which require environmental issues to be taken into account during decision- making processes, so adverse effects can be mitigated/ minimised. This objective is also in support of objective 1 of the submarine cables chapter of the NMP. It is likely that licensing and consents will be required as part of the planning process and these processes may be supported by underlying assessments, such as an EIA, which could mitigate any adverse impacts. The overall impact is therefore noted as neutral. Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 The objective is in support of existing objective 1 in the submarine cables chapter of the NMP and does not introduce any new measures, so the impact is considered neutral. The objective is positive as it encourages operators undertaking laying, replacement and maintenance to have wider consideration of other users of the marine environment and the potential implications of their activities. This can contribute to conflict resolution and reduce any potential detrimental impacts on other industries that are affected by cable and pipeline laying, replacement and maintenance. This objective may increase operating costs for the industry, which could increase barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and have an impact on safeguarding and/or creating jobs. However, the benefits derived to other industries/sectors could reduce such barriers and safeguard and/or create jobs. Society 0 The objective is in support of existing objective 1 in the submarine cables chapter of the NMP and does not introduce any new measures, so the impact is considered neutral. The objective can maintain or improve the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Laying, replacing and maintaining cables and pipelines can maintain or improve the connectivity of coastal and island communities. No impact is identified on the other objectives for this SA Topic.
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Page 199 of 219 Policy ENCA 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to offshore wind and marine renewable energy, including test facilities, should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) proposals for commercial-scale developments are sited in draft Plan Option areas identified through the Sectoral Marine Plan process (see Map ENCA 1 and further information section below); b) due regard has been paid to relevant factors in the Sectoral Marine Plans and supporting documentation/assessments (as appropriate); c) proposals for small-scale offshore wind developments undertake early and proactive engagement with relevant public authorities and relevant stakeholders; and d) where applicable, detailed infrastructure restoration and maintenance plans are included for the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Construction of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources are subject to consent and licensing processes which include public consultation and assessments as appropriate (e.g. EIA and/or HRA and consideration of cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes). These consenting processes will mitigate any adverse impacts to these SEA Topics. In addition, this policy is proposed in the context of the NMP and the policies within Section 1 and Chapter 9 All Sectors of this CRMP, further ensuring that adverse effects are mitigated/ minimised. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. The potential negative impacts on these SEA topics are varied and can include; loss of and/or damage to the seabed and its habitats through anchoring structure; create collision risk with seabirds and cetaceans; changes in sediment transport through changes in energy levels in the water; and damage to unknown cultural heritage. The policy supports proposals being sited according to existing spatial guidance identified through national processes which identify suitable draft plan option areas, such as the draft Sectoral Marine Plan for offshore wind and relevant Regional Locational Guidance, thereby supporting existing processes, which may have already considered the impacts on the SEA topics. In addition to this, construction of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources are subject to consent and licensing processes which would include public consultation and assessments as appropriate – such as an EIA and/or HRA and consideration of cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes. These processes will mitigate any adverse impacts to these SEA Topics. In addition, this policy is proposed in the context of the NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP, further ensuring there is no detrimental impact to these topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 The impact on the marine economy is considered through national processes which identify suitable draft plan option areas and so overall the impact of this policy is identified as neutral. Enabling reduction in reliance on fossil fuels can have a short-term negative impact on some marine enterprises as a result of any operational costs associated with the transition. Placement of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy structures may also exclude, displace or reduce capacity for some marine enterprises to operate in some areas which can result in job losses. However, the likelihood of this impact is considered through other processes, as the policy states that developments and activities will be
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Page 200 of 219 Policy ENCA 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to offshore wind and marine renewable energy, including test facilities, should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) proposals for commercial-scale developments are sited in draft Plan Option areas identified through the Sectoral Marine Plan process (see Map ENCA 1 and further information section below); b) due regard has been paid to relevant factors in the Sectoral Marine Plans and supporting documentation/assessments (as appropriate); c) proposals for small-scale offshore wind developments undertake early and proactive engagement with relevant public authorities and relevant stakeholders; and d) where applicable, detailed infrastructure restoration and maintenance plans are included for the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text supported where the Sectoral Marine Plan Process and Regional Locational Guidance has been taken into account. In the long term, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and increasing the means of producing renewable energy can support the development of a sustainable marine economy, in the CMR, across a range of sectors and businesses sizes. This policy can reduce marine businesses’ vulnerability to climate change impacts. The policy also ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors and can protect marine assets in the Region, maintaining the potential to utilise them in the future. This policy can remove barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities and can create jobs to support the renewable energy generation sector. Society 0 The impact on the marine economy is considered through national processes which identify suitable draft plan option areas so the overall impact of this policy is neutral. The assessment acknowledged that what implemented at a Regional level, there is potential for this policy to have a negative impact on the experiences of recreational users where activities may be limited or displaced. No impacts on the other SA objectives are identified; however, there will be societal benefits from climate change mitigation and any potential jobs generated through an increase in activity of this sector in the Region.
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Page 201 of 219 Policy ENCA 2: Proposals for developments will only be supported where it can be demonstrated that they contribute to a sustainable, secure and inclusive energy transition, taking account of our Climate Change Policies and in line with statutory marine and land use planning policy, environmental regulations and industry best practice. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Proposals for oil and gas exploration are subject to consent and licensing processes which include public consultation and assessments as appropriate (e.g. EIA and/or HRA and consideration of cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes). These processes will consider the negative impacts on the SEA topics and mitigate adverse impacts where necessary. In addition, this policy is proposed in the context of the NMP and the policies within Section 1 and Chapter 9 All Sectors of the CRMP, further ensuring that adverse effects are mitigated/ minimised. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. The potential negative impacts on these SEA topics are varied and can include; loss of and/or damage to the seabed and its habitats through drilling, piling and/or anchoring structures; creating a collision risk with seabirds and cetaceans; impact of noise on cetaceans, risk of spillage and pollution events; and damage to unknown cultural heritage. The policy is assessed to have a neutral impact as it does not introduce any new conditions/measures but supports existing national legislation which sets the regulatory framework around considering the impacts on the SEA topics. In addition to this, proposals for oil and gas exploration are subject to consent which would include public consultation and assessments as appropriate – such as an EIA and/or HRA and consideration of cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes. These processes will mitigate any adverse impacts to these SEA Topics, or identify justification for these proposals in line with public interest. In addition, this policy is proposed in the context of the NMP and the policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP, further ensuring there is no detrimental impact to these topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 As above. Society Recommendation rENCA 1: The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any oil and gas pipelines is encouraged where: a) existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, and/or b) the required mitigation and monitoring plans are produced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Mitigation: No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. The assessment assumes that any negative impacts on these SEA topics will be mitigated through the licensing and consent process for cable and pipeline laying, replacement and maintenance and policies within the NMP and within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP as the policy does not introduce any new measures. Consideration of using existing routes and landing points can also mitigate any negative impacts to material assets. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes
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Page 202 of 219 Recommendation rENCA 1: The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any oil and gas pipelines is encouraged where: a) existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, and/or b) the required mitigation and monitoring plans are produced. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 The policy supports existing policies within the NMP and so is considered to have a neutral impact for both marine economy and society as it does not introduce any new measures. Overall, the policy is positive as it encourages operators undertaking laying, replacement and maintenance to have wider consideration for other users of the marine environment and the potential implications on their activities. This can contribute to conflict resolution and reduce any potential detrimental impacts on other industries or communities that are affected by cable and pipeline laying, replacement and maintenance. Society Defence Objective DEF 1: Operations of His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde as the UK Single Submarine Operating Base are undertaken in the Clyde Marine Region, with due consideration of other marine users and the marine environment. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Mitigation: No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. No impact is identified from this objective on these SEA topics as the objective stipulates consideration of the marine environment, including the requirements of existing legislation in place for the protection of habitats, species, water and air quality, cultural heritage and landscapes/seascapes. Any potential detrimental effect to the SEA topics will be covered under these requirements. It also does not introduce any new measures and is in line with current practice by the Ministry of Defence There may be impacts on climatic factors, with regard to climate change mitigation and adaptation; however, as the policies in the General Policies chapter of the CRMP and in the NMP need to be adhered to in advance of this policy, the impact on climatic factors will already be considered. Therefore, there should be no adverse impacts on these SEA Topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage
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Page 203 of 219 Objective DEF 1: Operations of His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde as the UK Single Submarine Operating Base are undertaken in the Clyde Marine Region, with due consideration of other marine users and the marine environment. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 This objective can support the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region, ensure the sustainable use of the Region’s resources and protect the Region’s assets and the potential to utilise them in the future. There is the potential for some negative impacts if other marine activities are excluded or restricted from areas where the Ministry of Defence is operating, however there may be no change from the current situation and the CRMP will likely not be able to influence this activity. As such, defence activities may impose barriers to new marine enterprise activities, though this is unclear. Nonetheless, other activities have coexisted alongside defence activities for a long time (e.g. agreements between the Ministry of Defence and some marine sectors like the fishing sector). Society 0 No effect is identified on the connectivity and accessibility of communities; access to marine resources; magnitude of poverty, social exclusion or equality; or contribution to people’s sense of place. The Ministry of Defence activities in Region maintain jobs which support some coastal communities. The assessment assumes these jobs would be maintained regardless of this policy. Recommendation rDEF 1: His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde is encouraged to integrate any increased levels of Ministry of Defence marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region in accordance with this Plan, ensuring wide engagement with other marine users. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna ? P/L No mitigation is required as impacts are identified as positive or neutral. Integrating Ministry of Defence activity in line with the CRMP is a positive ambition, and will promote compliance with the rest of the CRMP, and protection or enhancement of the marine and coastal environment. Overall, the effect is unclear on these topics, as environmental protection or enhancement does not fall within the scope or range of work that the Ministry of Defence undertakes, nor is it bound by existing consenting processes to follow the CRMP. However some of the policies of the General Policies section may be applied by the Ministry of Defence, which follows a dis-application process that replicates the marine licensing process. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy ? There is potential for some negative impacts if other marine activities are excluded or restricted from using areas where the Ministry of Defence is operating (there may be no change from the current situation). As such, defence activities may impose barriers to new marine enterprise activities. Nonetheless, other activities
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Page 204 of 219 Recommendation rDEF 1: His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde is encouraged to integrate any increased levels of Ministry of Defence marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region in accordance with this Plan, ensuring wide engagement with other marine users. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text have coexisted alongside defence activities for a long time (e.g. agreements between the Ministry of Defence and some marine sectors like the fishing sector). Society 0 No effect is identified on the connectivity and accessibility of communities; access to marine resources; magnitude of poverty, social exclusion or equality; or contribution to people’s sense of place. The Ministry of Defence activities maintain jobs in the Region which support some coastal communities. The assessment assumes these jobs would be maintained regardless of this policy. Marine Aggregates Objective AGG 1: Marine aggregate resources are safeguarded in the Clyde Marine Region and any future exploitation is in line with regulations, in particular regarding potential environmental impact. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Consideration of licensing and consent processes, the NMP policies and policies within the General Policies chapter of the CRMP will help mitigate any negative impacts of this policy. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. Extraction of marine aggregate resources has the potential to have many negative impacts on the marine and coastal environment. One of the locations of manganese nodules in the Clyde is coincident with the Upper Loch Goil and Loch Fyne Nature Conservation MPA. The other two are coincident with burrowed mud, a PMF, although not all PMFs are necessarily protected outside MPAs. The objective stipulates that any extraction must have particular regard to the potential environmental impacts and must also be in line with regulations. In addition to this, any users undertaking exploitation of marine aggregates must follow existing licensing and consent processes, take into account the NMP and the policies within the Section 1: General policies of the CRMP, ensuring that adverse impacts on these SEA topics are taken into consideration. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 The objective supports the development of a sustainable marine economy in the Region and ensures the sustainable use of the Region’s resources to support the long-term viability of marine sectors as it stipulates that those carrying out extraction should have particular regard to the potential environmental impacts. The objective emphasises that operators must follow existing regulations. The objective does not propose new measures which may impose additional costs on developers or which may increase barriers to new marine enterprise opportunities. Society 0 No impact is identified.
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Page 205 of 219 Policy AGG 1: Proposals for the extraction of marine aggregates should demonstrate that they have considered: a) providing a description of the alternatives that have been considered, such as alternative sources or materials, including dredged material; and b) demonstrating that marine aggregate extraction is an essential part of the proposed project. Where an Environmental Impact Assessment is required, the proposal should demonstrate that it has considered an assessment of the physical effects of the operation, including any implications for coastal sediment dynamics. SEA topics Impact Nature of impact Mitigation Explanatory text Biodiversity, flora and fauna 0 Consideration of licensing and consent processes, the NMP policies and policies with the General Policies chapter of the CRMP will help mitigate the any negative impacts of this policy. The CMPP will consider all marine licence applications in the Region against policies in the CRMP and provide input to Marine Directorate to aid any licensing decisions. This policy is written in context of the policies included within the NMP, existing licensing processes and in the General Policies chapter of the CRMP (i.e. those related to environmental, cultural, landscape/seascape and water and air quality protections) and these mitigate any adverse impacts on these SEA Topics. Population and human health Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes Water Air Climatic factors Material assets Cultural heritage Landscape/seascape SA topics Marine economy 0 The policy facilitates extraction of aggregates where appropriate in line with existing NMP policy AGGREGATES 2 and the requirements of the Best Practice Environmental Options and supports the implementation of these requirements at the Regional level, no impact is identified, Society 0 The policy does not introduce any new measures and so the effect is found to be neutral.
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Page 206 of 219 Appendix 4 - Assessment of Reasonable Alternatives Option 1 – No change/business as usual Explanatory text: This alternative considers the impact if the CRMP is not put in place and regional/local decisions are based on the NMP and other current legislation and regulations. Assumptions: Under this option the CRMP would not be developed or adopted. Instead, the existing policy framework governing the Region would remain in place. This includes the NMP, other environmental legislation such as the Marine Strategy Regulations (2010) and the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 as well as Marine Protected Areas and consideration of Priority Marine Features. Consideration and protections of designated species and habitats would apply. Existing decision-making bodies, such as Local Authorities, Marine Directorate, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, NatureScot and Crown Estate Scotland would continue to carry out their functions. SEA topics Objective No. Assessment Implications Biodiversity, flora and fauna 1 +/0 The existing policy framework provides protection, and where appropriate, enhancement of protected species and habitats, the water environment, air quality and delivers climate change mitigation and adaptation activity, protection of historic and cultural heritage and seascape/landscape. The assessment indicates that this option would result in a positive impact, provided by the existing policy framework which delivers habitat and species protection and enhancement. A neutral impact is also noted as an outcome, as a RMP can contribute to delivering these benefits more effectively for the region than the existing legislative framework alone. Regional marine planning focusses on a much smaller area, working with local stakeholders and so can take account of a smaller ecosystem scale, regional needs and issues. A RMP, and the process of developing the draft CRMP, can act as a driver, or catalyst for action on specific local issues. Regional Marine Planning also has an important role in communicating and engaging with local stakeholders, and is better placed than National mechanisms, or high-level National policy to embed and increase awareness of marine planning at the local scale. 2 +/0 3 +/0 Population and human health 4 +/0 Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 5 +/0 6 +/0 7 +/0 8 +/0 Water 9 +/0 Air 10 +/0 Climatic factors 11 +/0 12 +/0 13 +/0 Material assets 14 +/0
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Page 207 of 219 Cultural heritage 15 +/0 16 +/0 17 +/0 Landscape/Seascape 18 +/0 SA topics Marine economy 19 +/0 The NMP provides a framework which seeks to manage activities and developments to ensure the sustainable development of the marine economy. Both the sector specific policies and the general policies of the NMP seek to ensure balance between the different marine sectors/industries. In addition, policies promote co-existence between developments and activities and mechanisms to reduce conflict. The NMP also considers and promotes the use and development of the marine and coastal environment which provides social benefits, including: improved quality of life and community regeneration through increased job opportunities, benefits to health and wellbeing associated with the natural and historic environment and access to marine and coastal areas for recreation. Therefore, a positive impact is indicated. However the NMP may not necessarily deliver these objectives for the region (although the NMP should be taken into account in decision making, policies are high level and not area specific) and so a neutral impact is also noted. A RMP can deliver these benefits more effectively that the existing legislative framework alone. Regional marine planning focusses on a much smaller area, working with local stakeholders and so can take account of the specific activities taking place within the region, regional needs and issues. A RMP can also act as a driver, or catalyst for regional action on specific local issues. Therefore, the assessment found that there would either be a positive or a neutral impact. A neutral impact is noted for objective no. 23, as it is regionally specific and the NMP would not necessarily address this directly. 20 +/0 21 +/0 22 +/0 23 0 Society 24 +/0 25 +/0 26 +/0 27 +/0 28 +/0 Summary The assessment indicates that this alternative would result in a positive or neutral impact on the SA-SEA topics. The existing planning and legislative framework provides protection and where possible enhancement for the environment and a framework which seeks to manage activities and/or developments to ensure the sustainable development of the marine economy. The existing legislative framework would not necessarily deliver as strong an impact at a regional level as a RMP. The NMP puts forward a number of considerations for the development of regional policy. Without the development of a RMP, there is no mechanism for implementing these and this may hinder delivery of or progress towards delivering regional considerations within the NMP. As a result of not having a RMP, the gap between national and regional decision-making processes represented by the RMP would not be filled. This could lead to less engagement of and coordination and discussion between regional stakeholders. The process of developing a RMP entails taking into account regional stakeholders’ knowledge, views and experiences and regional policies would be developed on this local knowledge, which can help identify and address local issues and importantly opportunities for positive impacts, particularly for society and the marine economy. Public engagement opportunities in regional
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Page 208 of 219 marine planning may also increase the public’s understanding of coastal and marine issues in the Region, and enables their involvement and contribution to the planning process and input into the final RMP. It also facilitates their engagement increasing the likelihood of compliance amongst informal users of the marine and coastal environment. Although the NMP does not prevent considerations of regional and local issues, the process of regional marine planning allows for them to be fully incorporated and considered through the development of regionally relevant policies. The RMP can tackle issues and problems through policy that aids and contributes to decision making and recommendations which can help guide informal users of the marine and coastal environment and so can promote awareness of existing best practice guidelines. Marine planning is required to work with terrestrial planning authorities, and where possible align policies. Regional Marine Planning involves all relevant local Planning Authorities in the development of RMP’s, ensuring better linkage between terrestrial and marine planning and decision making at the regional level. The RMP could therefore lead to a more informed site selection process and reduced planning risk and uncertainty. This benefit is supplemented by the fact that a RMP allows consideration of issues to happen at a smaller ecosystem scale and regional/local operational scale for businesses, developments and activities. Option 2 – CRMP targets action on the issues identified which contribute to delivery of the collective vision and aims of regional stakeholders. This is done through the combined use of policy relating to authorisations and consents, and non-statutory recommendations which guide and inform the use of the marine and coastal environment. Explanatory text: This alternative targets action on identified issues and contributes to delivery of the collective vision and aims of regional stakeholders through policy focussed on supporting the regional implementation of existing legislation and policies which introduce new measures to address the needs and opportunities of the Region and regional stakeholders. It also includes non-statutory recommendations to support action in areas where there are particular issues. Whilst certain developments and activities within the Region require official consent (e.g. marine licensing, planning consent) and decision making around these will be informed by policies, many activities are carried out on an informal basis and not are not within the regulatory framework established by policies. This alternative takes into account the issues and opportunities identified from the CMRA and throughout the stakeholder discussion process to form polices and also to guide best practices through the use of recommendations. This approach aims to better contribute to achieving the aims and objectives for the Region. Assumptions: The approach will inform and guide all users of the Regions’ marine and coastal environment, tackle issues identified in the Region and is developed with local stakeholders. It recognises that the recommendations are non-statutory, but that they will drive more considered use of the marine and coastal environment from all users. SEA topics Objective No. Assessment Implications 1 +
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Page 209 of 219 Biodiversity, flora and fauna 2 + The existing policy framework provides protection and, where appropriate, enhancement of protected species and habitats, the water environment, air quality, climate change mitigation and adaptation activity, protection of historic and cultural heritage and seascapes/landscapes. The Assessment indicates that this alternative would have a further positive impact on these SEA topics by targeting policy around particular regional issues, supporting implementation of existing regulations and encouraging all marine users to contribute to delivery of the aims and objectives. Recommendations proposed through this alternative will contribute to protection and enhancement of these features. The assessment also indicates a positive impact as a result of the issues driven approach taking place at a local level and working with local stakeholders. This alternative for a RMP can contribute to the more effective and targeted delivery of the aims and objectives of the NMP. Whilst the overall impact is assessed as positive, there is an element of capacity building amongst all users of the Region required in order to ensure implementation/consideration of the CRMP across developments/activities. It should also be noted that there would be no formal mechanism to ensure that recommendations are carried out by all users. Implementation of the CRMP will be measured through its objectives. 3 + Population and human health 4 + Sediments, marine geology and coastal processes 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + Water 9 + Air 10 + Climatic factors 11 + 12 + 13 + Material assets 14 + Cultural heritage 15 + 16 + 17 + Landscape/Seascape 18 + SA topics Marine economy 19 +/- The existing legislative framework seeks to support the development of a sustainable marine economy, and support coastal communities. This alternative approach adds value to the national approach and has a further positive effect on the marine economy and society through the introduction of policies targeted to the needs of the region. These policies have been developed in consultation with local stakeholders and will aid the decision-making process by providing consistency both within the marine licence application process and to decisions taken by Planning Authorities across the land-sea interface. The recommendations that this approach introduces also contribute to this and fill the gap between regulated activities and development and informal use and activities within the region. This dual approach contributes to achieving the aims and objectives on the NMP, and also the aims and objectives of the RMP. A negative outcome is also noted as some policies may introduce new areas of consideration for sectors, which may have a negative impact in the short term, but ultimately contribute to the sustainable development of the Region and will likely lead to long-term benefits. 20 +/- 21 +/- 22 +/- 23 +/- Society 24 +/- 25 +/- 26 +/- 27 +/- 28 +/- Summary
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Page 210 of 219 Overall, the process of developing a RMP, can contribute positively to the delivery of the aims of the NMP and can act as a driver for resolving particular issues within the region. Regional Marine Planning works at a smaller ecosystem scale, taking into account localised issues and working with local stakeholders. Regional Marine Planning also has an important role in communicating and engaging with local stakeholders, and is better placed than national mechanisms, or high-level national policy to embed and increase awareness of marine planning at the local scale. The assessment shows that this alternative approach will result in positive impacts for all the SA-SEA topics, as the main factors for consideration in this alternative are the consideration of regional issues and contributing to the delivery of the collective vision and aims of local stakeholders within the framework of the NMP. Bringing together existing legislation and regulations, and introducing new measures to support decision making for areas where there are particular issues serves to target action in an effective way, and contributes to delivery of the aims and objectives of the NMP and the CRMP. In combination the recommendations, which contribute to tackling issues through providing best practice information, and the objectives and policies of the CRMP address regional issues, ultimately furthering protection and enhancement of protected features and contributing to the sustainable development of the marine economy. Having both approaches (policy related to licensing and consents and recommendations) enables a ‘top down, bottom up’ approach to dealing with, and resolving over time, issues being faced within the region. Whilst the overall impact is assessed as positive, there is an element of capacity building amongst all users of the Region required in order to ensure the CRMP is considered effectively by marine licence applicants and decision makers. In summary, this approach can improve the efficiency of licence applications and consents processes, aid in decision-making to help address regional issues and provide guidance and a practical approach for all users. The approach seeks to add value to the existing framework created by the NMP and is built around the needs of the region. For these reasons, it is the preferred approach.
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Page 211 of 219 Appendix 5 – Changes to objectives and policies of the draft CRMP as a result of the SA-SEA assessment process The assessment of polices as part of the SA-SEA process identified changes to some objectives and policies for the pre-consultation stage as identified in the table below. Initial Objective/Policy Suggested change and reasoning Objective CC2 - Irreversible Damage to significant natural carbon sinks in the Clyde Marine Region is avoided. Remove ‘Irreversible’. There is potential for carbon sinks to be restored after sustaining damage; however the benefits they provide as a result of damage may be lost/more difficult to restore. Objective HE1 - Cultural and heritage assets, whether visible, buried or submerged, are preserved in situ where possible. Add consideration for enhancement to objective, so that this CRMP objective can more clearly meet the objectives of the SA-SEA and to reflect the NMP Policy HE 1 - …… Preservation in situ will always be the preferred form of mitigation…. Add consideration for enhancement to objective, so that this CRMP objective can more clearly meet the objectives of the SA-SEA and to reflect the NMP Objective SHIP 2: Promote the use of Clyde Marine Region ports and harbours to undertake the construction, servicing and decommissioning of marine structures, in particular for marine renewables Replace ‘marine renewables’ with wording promoting consideration of climate change adaptation and mitigation to allow for wider variety of marine structures, (i.e. not limited to marine renewables) that can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Policy SHIP 4 - Licence applications to support the maintenance and improvement of the timber network from Argyll and the islands of the Clyde Marine Region will be supported. Change in wording to clarify that expansion of the network is included within ‘improvement’ Policy SHIP 6 – Licence applications for infrastructure upgrade, such as shoreside power facilities, will be supported where the infrastructure can clearly demonstrate a long-term contribution to the reduction in carbon emissions from the Clyde Marine Region. Change in wording to clarify that this policy only refers to infrastructure upgrades specifically related to the powering of vessels. Objective DEF 1: Support development operations of HMNB Clyde as the UK Single Submarine Operating Base (SSOB), with due consideration of other marine users. Include wording on consideration of the marine environment to make overt the need for consideration of this aspect. Policy ENCA 3: The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any future oil and gas pipelines is supported where: • proposed land fall is in line with the relevant Local Development Plan(s), • existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, Policy contradicts Objective ENCA 1 which seeks to promote reduction in reliance on fossil fuels. Suggest removing ‘future’, which acknowledges the need to replace and maintain existing pipelines, while reliance on fossil fuels is reduced.
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Page 212 of 219 Initial Objective/Policy Suggested change and reasoning • consideration has been given to the use of a fisheries observer during cable laying operations. As a result of pre-consultation responses, specific workshops on fisheries, aquaculture and natural heritage, a public dialogue process, a usability workshop, and further dialogue with CMPP members and the Marine Directorate, further changes have been made resulting in the draft CRMP. The SA-SEA assessment process did not itself identify any specific required changes to the draft CRMP at this later stage.
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Page 213 of 219 Appendix 6 - Other relevant plans, programmes and strategies that will influence CRMP development A number of relevant plans, programmes and strategies that will influence the draft CRMP are listed in the table below. The draft CRMP is also influenced by the Plan, Programmes and strategies listed in Appendix 2 (excluding those only relating to beyond UK territorial waters, i.e. outside 12nm) and Environmental Protection Objectives of the NMP Sustainability Appraisal Report, which have not been listed here. A number of the Plans, Programmes and Strategies listed below are sectoral based, and so will have socio-economic objectives which should be considered as well as objectives related to the SEA topics they are organised by. Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives Overarching Marine Directorate Act (2010) The Marine (Scotland) Act provides a framework which will help balance competing demands on Scotland's seas. It introduces a duty to protect and enhance the marine environment and includes measures to help boost economic investment and growth in areas such as marine renewables. National Marine Plan (2015) The National Marine Plan covers the management of both Scottish inshore waters (out to 12 nautical miles) and offshore waters (12 to 200 nautical miles).The Plan provides a comprehensive overarching framework for all marine activity in our waters. It will enable sustainable development and use of the marine area in a way which will protect and enhance the marine environment whilst promoting both existing and emerging industries. Scottish Marine Regions Order (2015) The Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015, covers the Region known as the 'Scottish Inshore Region' as defined in the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009, and establishes the boundaries which identify the areas for preparing and adopting regional marine plans. Planning Circular 1/2015: relationship between the statutory land use planning system and marine planning and licencing The circular explains the relationship between the marine and terrestrial planning systems, including related regimes such as marine licencing and consenting for offshore energy generation, ports and harbours development and aquaculture. National Planning Framework 4 (2023) The national spatial strategy for Scotland, setting out spatial principles, regional priorities, national developments and national planning policy. Biodiversity Scotland’s Marine Nature Conservation Strategy (2011) Focuses on protecting, managing, and restoring marine biodiversity across 37% of its seas through a robust Marine Protected Area (MPA) network, aiming for a nature-positive, sustainable, and climate-resilient future by 2045. Scottish Biodiversity Strategy to 2045 (2024) The final updated version of the Scottish Government’s biodiversity strategy which sets out a clear ambition for Scotland to be Nature Positive by 2030, and to have restored and regenerated biodiversity across the country by 2045. 2020 Challenge for Scotland’s Biodiversity (2013) The 2020 Challenge document focuses on the Scottish Government’s desired outcomes for 2020 and is Scotland’s response to the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2020 and the UN ‘Aichi’ targets. It shows how the Scottish Government, its public agencies, Scottish businesses and others can contribute to the Strategy’s aims as well as supporting sustainable development In Scotland. The Great Britain Invasive Non- Native Species Strategy 2023 – 2030 (2023) An updated version of the 2008 and 2015 strategies, which provides a framework on how to minimise the risks posed by invasive non-native species. Local Biodiversity Action Plans (LBAPs) LBAPS and their Partnerships operate at a local level to conserve and enhance biodiversity and deliver action for national priorities identified in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP), as well as for species and habitats which are particularly cherished or valued in local areas of Scotland.
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Page 214 of 219 Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code (2017) The Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code is designed for all those who watch marine wildlife around Scotland both recreationally or commercially. It was developed by NatureScot in conjunction with recreational users, general public, charter boat and land based tour operators to whom it applies. Code of Practice on Non-native Species for Scotland (2012) The Code sets out guidance on how a wide range of individuals, businesses and public bodies should act responsibly within the law to ensure that non- native species under their ownership, care and management do not cause harm to our environment. Voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan (2012) The purpose of the Biosecurity Plan is to establish a guiding framework to reduce the risk of the Introduction of new invasive non-native species (INNS) to the Firth of Clyde and to effectively manage existing INNS. Managing Invasive Species in Scotland’s Water Environment: A Supplementary Plan to the River Basin Management Plans. (2013) Developed by SEPA to support the work of the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003 for water bodies which aims to improve the ecological quality of water bodies. This Plan provides guidance on a co-ordinated approach for organisations with a role in risk assessment, monitoring, classification, data collection and prevention and control mechanisms. This Plan also helps reduce the risk posed by non-native species on the ecological quality of water bodies. Voluntary Loch Fyne Marine Biosecurity Plan (2020) This plan was developed in partnership with stakeholders in Loch Fyne and provides best practice guidance on identifying threats and mitigating actions against carpet sea squirt (Didemnum vexillum), which is present in the Loch. The actions listed in the Plan are also useful against other marine invasive species. Climatic Factors Climate change: Scottish National Adaptation Plan 2024-2029 (2024) Sets out the actions that the Scottish Government and partners will take to respond to the impacts of climate change. The Scottish Government's Climate Change Plan, Third Report on Proposals and Policies 2018-2032 (RPP3) The Climate Change Plan, along with the Scottish Government’s Energy Strategy, provides the strategic framework for the transition to a low carbon Scotland. It includes proposals and policies to reduce emissions from electricity generation, housing, transport, services, industry, forestry, peatlands, waste and agriculture. This Plan sets out how Scottish Government will continue to drive down emissions over the specified period, 2018 to 2032. Climate Ready Clyde Climate Risk and Opportunity Assessment (2018) Glasgow City Region’s first Climate Change Risk and Opportunity Assessment sets out the risks and opportunities posed by climate change to the end of this century, and highlights areas where more action is needed in the next five years. The findings and recommendations in the assessment will be used to guide the development of the first Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for the Glasgow City Region. Cultural Heritage Our Past, Our Future - Historic Environment Strategy for Scotland (2023) This is Scotland’s current strategy for the Historic environment. It sets out a vision for how Scotland’s heritage can be valued, cared for and enjoyed. It sets out a national mission to sustain and enhance the benefits of Scotland’s historic environment, for people and communities now and into the future. Like its predecessor Our Place in Time (2014), Our Past, Our Future has been developed collaboratively and is collectively owned. UNESCO Convention on Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) This Convention aims to ensure and strengthen the protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) over 100 years old, promoting in situ protection and preventing commercial exploitation. Responsible non-intrusive access to observe or document in situ UCH is encouraged to create public awareness, appreciation and protection of the heritage. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage The Charter is intended to encourage the protection and management of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) in inland and inshore waters, shallow seas and in the deep oceans. It includes submerged sites and structures, wreck sites and wreckage and their archaeological and natural context. It acts as a supplement to the ICOMOS Charter for the Protection and Management of Archaeological Heritage.
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Page 215 of 219 Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (revised) Valletta The Convention includes provisions for the identification and protection of archaeological heritage, its conservation, control of excavations and the prevention of illicit circulation of archaeological objects. Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 This legislation aims to protect and enhance the marine environment. It introduces: • a marine planning system, and • marine licensing for a wide range of developments and licensable activities in the marine environment. The legislation also makes it possible to create Historic Marine Protected Areas. These can be used to protect marine historic assets of national importance. Marine Protected Areas in the Seas around Scotland Guidelines on the selection, designation and management of Historic Marine Protected Areas This guidance note sets out how Historic Environment Scotland will work with the Scottish Government to apply powers under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 to select, designate, and manage Historic Marine Protected Areas (HMPAs), a new designation to help celebrate and protect evidence of the outstanding marine cultural heritage that survives in the coasts and seas around Scotland. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act (1997) An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to special controls in respect of buildings and areas of special architectural or historic interest. This includes buildings such as lighthouses but can only be applied to those parts of the structure or building above the Mean Low Water mark. Historic Environment Policy for Scotland (2019) A non-statutory policy statement directing all decision-making that affects the historic environment. Landscapes, seascapes, marine geology and coastal processes NatureScot Landscape Character Assessments NatureScot Landscape Character Assessments (LCAs) map and describe the landscapes/seascapes of the whole of Scotland, highlighting the variety in our landscapes. The LCAs also provide baseline information that can be used to guide landscape change, such as through the development planning process, proposed developments or land management plans. Council of Europe, European Landscape Convention (2000) (The Florence Convention) The European Landscape Convention is part of the Council of Europe’s work on natural and cultural heritage, spatial planning and the environment. It applies to natural, urban and sub-urban areas whether on land, water or sea. The Convention establishes the general legal principles which should serve as a basis for adopting national landscape policies and promoting interaction between local, regional and national authorities as well as establishing international co-operation in such matters. Scotland’s Landscape Charter Produced by Scotland’s Landscape Alliance and NatureScot, the Charter sets an agenda for landscape planning and management. The Charter: • reflects the key principles of the European Landscape Convention; • emphasises the need to maintain distinctiveness and sense of place within Scotland; • calls on public bodies to recognise the importance of landscape in decision making; • encourage the involvement of communities in managing landscape change; • recognise the need for landscape expertise within planning; and • raise awareness of the role of local and national designations in safeguarding landscapes. Scotland’s National Coastal Change Assessment (Dynamic Coast) The National Coastal Change Assessment aims to create an evidence base to support more sustainable coastal and terrestrial planning decisions, in light of climate change. It aims to inform existing strategic planning and to identify areas which may remain susceptible in the coming decades and require supplementary support.
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Page 216 of 219 Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde (2013) This assessment identifies key coastal characteristics and their sensitivities to development or change; it also identifies different types of coastline around the Firth of Clyde. Local Flood Risk Management Plans Local Flood Risk Management Plans are developed from Flood Risk Management Strategies to create a local delivery plan for action. Within the Region, Clyde and Loch Lomond and Ayrshire FRMPs are in place. Population and Health Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015 The Community Empowerment Act aims to empower community bodies through the ownership of land and buildings and by strengthening their voices in decision-making. The Act does a number of things including: extending the community right to buy, making it simpler for communities to take over public sector land and buildings, and strengthening the statutory base for community planning. The Act can help empower community bodies through the ownership of land and buildings and strengthen their voices in the decisions and services that matter to them. The Giant Opportunities (2026– 2030) framework The Giant Opportunities (2026–2030) framework, launched by British Marine Directorate and funded by Crown Estate Scotland, is the current Scottish Marine Tourism Strategy aimed at growing the sector by £100 million over five years. It succeeds "Giant Strides" (2020–2025) and "Awakening the Giant" (2015), focusing on sustainability, nature-based tourism, and community partnership. Scottish Outdoor Access Code (2005) The Scottish Outdoor Access Code gives detailed information on the rights and responsibilities of visiting Scotland’s outdoors, under three main rules: • respecting the interests of other people • caring for the environment • taking responsibility for your own actions Water The River Basin Management Plan for Scotland (2021-2027) The third River Basin Management Plan has been informed through lessons learned from delivering previous cycle objectives and will target improvements where the greatest environmental benefit will be achieved. The Water Environment (Shellfish Water Protected Areas: Designation) (Scotland) Order 2016 This legislation designates protected areas for shellfish production to ensure a good quality product which is safe for human consumption. Marine and coastal environment Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) Following the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Maritime Organisation initiated negotiations to consider the possibilities of developing an internationally binding instrument to address the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in ships’ ballast water. From 1999 onwards, the Ballast Water Working Group, established by the Marine Environment Protection Committee in 1994, focused on the preparation of a free-standing Convention on the control and management of ships’ ballast water and sediments. This convention entered into force in September 2017. West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group (WCRIFG) Management Plan (2021) This plan defines the current aims and objectives of the WCRIFG. It is a live document and is updated as objectives are achieved and new objectives are set. Locational Guidelines: Marine Fish Farms in Scottish Waters (updated June 2024) These guidelines identify Category 1, 2 and 3 areas, designated on the basis of Marine Directorate Science’s predictive models to estimate environmental sensitivity of sea lochs. Aquaculture Growth to 2030 – a Strategic Plan for farming Scotland’s seas (2016) This provides a strategic plan for farming Scotland’s seas. It notes the priorities for the sector, including: • industry leadership and ambition; • enabling and proportionate regulation; • accelerating innovation;
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Page 217 of 219 Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives • skills development; • finance; and • infrastructure. A Technical Standard for Scottish Finfish Aquaculture (2015) The Standard determines technical requirements for fish farm equipment in Scotland and applies to all species of finfish. It should be used alongside operational procedures and training of staff to ensure equipment is used and maintained appropriately and procedures followed correctly. Salmon Scotland Code of Good Practice (2006) The Code of Good Practice for Scottish Finfish Aquaculture (CoGP), established in 2006 and managed by Salmon Scotland, sets world-class standards for salmon farming. It is an independently audited, >500-point standard covering fish welfare, sea lice management, and environmental protection, exceeding basic regulations. Marine Directorate: Scottish Inshore Sea Fisheries Strategy (2015) Sets out a vision to support the development of a more sustainable, profitable and well-managed inshore fisheries sector in Scotland. The 2015 inshore strategy will therefore focus on: • improving the evidence base on which fisheries management decisions are made • streamlining fisheries governance, and promoting stakeholder participation • embedding inshore fisheries management into wider marine planning Future Fisheries Management Strategy 2020-2030 Development of 21 Scottish-led Fisheries Management Plans (FMPs), with a further FMP under joint development with Defra, for key demersal, pelagic and Nephrops stocks, along with feeding into a wider cross-UK programme of work for delivery of the full suite of FMPs as required under the UK Joint Fisheries Statement. Work to extend the deadline for delivering the Scottish-led plans was completed in 2024, and the FMPs will now be in place by the end of 2026. Also working with Seafish on a scoping exercise to determine key non quota species that should be considered for FMPs. Scottish Environment Protection Agency: Finfish Aquaculture Sector Plan (2019) This sectoral plan covers all aspects of fish farming in Scotland, including: supply chain; feed; hatcheries; freshwater fish pens; marine pen fish farms and processing facilities. Crown Estate Scotland: Shellfish Critical Mass Development Plan Pilot Report – Clyde (2019) This report considers opportunities and ways to support commercial-scale shellfish farming. It considers the scale needed for sites to be commercially viable; the type of locations which could support sites; and some considerations in relation to consenting. Scotland Outlook 2030 (2020) Scotland Outlook 2030 is Scotland’s future tourism strategy to support Scotland in becoming the world leader in sustainable tourism. The Giant Opportunities (2026– 2030) framework The Giant Opportunities (2026–2030) framework, launched by British Marine Directorate and funded by Crown Estate Scotland, is the current Scottish Marine Tourism Strategy aimed at growing the sector by £100 million over five years. It succeeds "Giant Strides" (2020–2025) and "Awakening the Giant" (2015), focusing on sustainability, nature-based tourism, and community partnership. Material assets – Energy Infrastructure Scotland's Energy Strategy and Just Transition Plan (2023) The strategy sets out the Scottish Government’s vision for the future energy system in Scotland. The strategy aims to strengthen the development of local energy, protect and empower consumers and support Scotland’s climate change ambitions while tackling poor energy provision. Draft updated Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind Energy (2025) Provides the spatial planning framework for the ScotWind and INTOG leasing rounds. Carbon Assessment of the Infrastructure Investment Plan for Scotland 2021-22 to 2025-26 The Scottish Government's Infrastructure Investment Plan for Scotland 2021-22 to 2025-26 was published in February 2021. The Infrastructure Investment Plan (IIP) sets out the Scottish Government plan to deliver the National Infrastructure Mission and details their long-term vision of
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Page 218 of 219 Plan, programme or strategy Key objectives infrastructure supporting an inclusive, net zero carbon economy in Scotland. It provides a pipeline of public sector infrastructure delivery, giving confidence to the construction sector and setting out our approach to infrastructure across three key themes: • Enabling the transition to net zero emissions and environmental sustainability; • Driving inclusive economic growth; and • Building resilient and sustainable place. Material Assets – Transport Scottish Maritime Strategy The Scottish Maritime Strategy centres on the National Marine Plan (NMP), which guides sustainable development of inshore and offshore waters, currently being updated (NMP2) to address climate and nature crises. Key initiatives include boosting offshore wind, blue economy growth, a £1.1 billion shipbuilding investment (BAE Systems), and a 2026-2030 marine tourism framework. Draft Islands Connectivity Plan (2024) The Islands Connectivity Plan (ICP) sets out how ferry services, supported by other transport modes, will be delivered, and strengthened, working towards a long-term vision, and supported by clear priorities and defined outcomes for people and places. It is being developed within the context of the National Transport Strategy and the National Islands Plan and informed by the outcomes of the Strategic Transport Projects Review. It will replace the Ferries Plan 2013-2022. Material Assets – Waste Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland (updated 2022) The Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland aims to protect the marine environment and support a circular economy by preventing litter from entering the sea and facilitating its removal. Refreshed in 2022, it aligns with the National Litter and Flytipping Strategy, targeting key sources like plastics and fishing gear to achieve good environmental status. Scotland’s Zero Waste Plan (2010) This Plan sets the strategic direction for waste policy for Scotland, informed by improved understanding of the environmental consequences of how we use and dispose of resources, and by the requirements of European legislation. There are also a number of Local and Strategic Development Plans and associated socio-economic strategies or plans to be considered in the SA-SEA. The CMPP will keep up to date on the development of these, considering any relevant matters for the CRMP Process. The Regional Spatial Strategy, Local Development Plans and related Supplementary Guidance relevant to the Clyde Marine Region can be found on the relevant Planning Authority’s website: • Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy. The Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) will set out the vision and spatial planning strategy for key strategic land uses and development issues in the Glasgow City Region. It will consider cross boundary matters and Local Development Plans will have regard to the RSS. (http://bit.ly/3SQe1kU) • Argyll and Bute (https://bit.ly/42M0a3P) • Glasgow City (https://bit.ly/40oPBDL) • Inverclyde (https://bit.ly/4f2SoXJ) • Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (https://bit.ly/2sTWIXI) • North Ayrshire (https://bit.ly/4hA341Y) • Renfrewshire (https://bit.ly/4ngoO6b) • South Ayrshire (https://bit.ly/4e8GPNz)
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Page 219 of 219 • South Lanarkshire (https://bit.ly/4n9ITLc) • West Dunbartonshire (https://bit.ly/3YnHcOy)
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Page 1 of 35 Draft Habitats Regulations Appraisal (HRA) Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde
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Page 2 of 35 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 26 June 2026 Version Control Version no Date Author(s) Notes 1 16 June 2020 M Michelotti Issued to Members on 16 June 2020. 2 8 July 2020 M Michelotti Amended based on Members’ feedback. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan 8 July 2020. 3 11 July 2022 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate and members feedback on the draft regional marine plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan July 2022. 4 9 June 2023 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on the draft regional marine plan and ver. 3 of this document. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2023. 5 26 June 2026 Amended by J Bunyan & C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on the draft regional marine plan and NatureScot comments on this draft. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2026.
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Page 3 of 35 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 The Clyde Regional Marine Plan ............................................................................................ 5 Contents of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan .......................................................................... 7 Habitats Regulations Appraisal ............................................................................................. 8 Appraisal Results ................................................................................................................. 8 Stage 1 – Decide whether the CRMP is subject to HRA .......................................................... 8 Stage 2 – Identification of European Sites ............................................................................ 9 Stage 3 – Gathering information ...................................................................................... 12 Stage 4 – Discretionary consultation with NatureScot on method and scope of appraisal ........ 19 Stage 5 – Screen the CRMP for likely significant effects on European sites ............................. 19 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 22 Annexes ........................................................................................................................... 23 Annex 1 – Screening of the vision, aims and guiding principles ............................................. 23 Annex 2 – Screening of the objectives ............................................................................... 23 Annex 3 – Screening of the general policies and recommendations ....................................... 26 Annex 4 – Screening of sectoral policies and recommendations ............................................ 31
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Page 4 of 35 Abbreviations used in this document Term Abbreviation Candidate Special Area of Conservation cSAC Clyde Marine Region Assessment CMRA Clyde Marine Region CMR Clyde Regional Marine Plan CRMP Clyde Marine Planning Partnership CMPP Habitats Regulations Appraisal HRA Likely Significant Effect LSE Local Development Plan LDP National Marine Plan NMP Proposed Special Area of Conservation pSAC Proposed Special Protection Area pSPA Special Area of Conservation SAC Special Protection Area SPA NatureScot NS Strategic Development Plan SDP
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Page 5 of 35 Introduction Scotland’s vision for the marine environment is for ‘clean, healthy, safe, productive, and biologically diverse seas, managed to meet the long-term needs of nature and people’1. The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP) has prepared the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP), as part of realising this vision. The Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations 19942 (as amended) require that, where a plan is likely to have a significant effect on a European site and/or a European offshore marine site (either alone or in combination with other plans or projects), the plan-making authority shall make an "Appropriate Assessment3" of the implications for the site in view of that site’s conservation objectives, prior to the plan’s adoption. However, after considering mitigation measures, mitigation should not be used to avoid a conclusion of likely significant effect4. The consideration of mitigation is in fact an Appropriate Assessment following a conclusion of LSE. If the likelihood of having a significant effect on a European site can be ruled out based on objective information, then those plans or policies can be screened out and do not need to be included in an Appropriate Assessment. Aspects of a plan or project that either clearly have no ecological connectivity to the site’s qualifying interests, and/or obviously will not undermine the conservation objectives for the qualifying interests to which they have a connection will also be screened out. This procedure is known as the “Habitats Regulations Appraisal” (HRA) of plans. The CRMP can only be adopted if it can be ascertained that the Plan will not adversely affect the integrity of any European sites, unless in exceptional circumstances where the provisions of Article 6(4) are met5. Therefore, the CRMP should be subject to HRA; this report records the results of that appraisal. The Clyde Regional Marine Plan The UK Marine Policy Statement is a high-level framework for preparing marine plans and taking decisions affecting the marine environment throughout the UK. Scotland’s National Marine Plan (NMP), which was adopted in 2015, sets out strategic policies for the sustainable development and use of Scotland’s marine resources out to 200 nautical miles, following agreement between The Scottish and United Kingdom Governments that a marine plan for Scotland's inshore waters and a marine plan covering Scottish offshore waters will be published in one document and will be collectively referred to as the 'National Marine Plan'. However, we recognise that the 'National Marine Plan' comprises of two Plans made under two separate pieces of legislation (The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, and the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009) therefore unless otherwise stated, policies within this Plan apply to both inshore and offshore waters. The National Marine Plan will not affect reserved functions within inshore waters until a direction is made under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (Consequential Provisions) Order 2010. The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 also allows for Regional Marine Plans to be developed to take account of local circumstances and smaller 1 Scotland’s National Marine Plan (2015) - https://bit.ly/420ZQeN 2 The Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations 1994 - https://bit.ly/3pQUPbd 3 An Appropriate Assessment is a scientific appraisal of all the likely significant effects of a plan or project on the relevant qualifying interests of a European site, based on the site's conservation objectives, to ensure that the plan or project will have no adverse effect on the integrity of any European site. (NS Habitats Regulations Appraisal webpages - https://bit.ly/3dCAP1d) 4 NatureScot guidance note: The handling of mitigation in Habitats Regulations Appraisal – the People Over Wind CJEU judgement (https://bit.ly/3T4beaM) 5 If a plan or project must be carried out for imperative reasons of overriding public interest but will likely affect the integrity of a European site, necessary compensatory measures must be taken to ensure the overall coherence of the European sites network is protected. The proposal put forward must be the least damaging for habitats, for species and for the integrity of the European site, regardless of economic considerations. (European Commission Guidance document on Article 6(4) of the ‘Habitats Directive’ 92/43/EEC – https://bit.ly/3dBX9YM)
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Page 6 of 35 ecosystem units for inshore waters out to 12 nautical miles. Guidance for regional marine plans is provided in the NMP. The CMPP, acting under the Delegation of Functions (Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde) Direction 2017, has developed a draft regional marine plan for the Clyde Marine Region (CMR). The CMPP comprises over 20 Members who are key to the plan development process. Wider stakeholder views are also incorporated through sectoral- and issues-based working group meetings, workshops and public engagement events. The pre-consultation draft CRMP was developed over 2018 and early 2019, taking into account the findings of the Clyde Marine Region Assessment (CMRA), outputs from working group meetings and discussions with stakeholders. The Plan was then redrafted (between late 2019 and early 2020) based on the pre-consultation feedback, further stakeholder workshops and public dialogue sessions. Further amendments of the plan were carried out following comments from Marine Directorate between June 2021 and February 2026. The CRMP, once adopted by Scottish Ministers, will provide a statutory policy framework to support effective decision-making and appropriate inward investment, enabling delivery of the Plan’s long- term vision and aims. The Plan is expected to contribute to the management of the competing demands for the use of the CMR, whilst protecting and enhancing the marine environment. The Plan supports delivery of Scotland’s NMP in a regional context and conforms to the UK Marine Policy Statement. The Plan also considers land use planning frameworks and supports an integrated planning approach throughout the Region, see Figure 1. Marine and coastal zone developments must be in line with both marine and land use planning policy since the CRMP includes the area submerged at Mean High Water Spring tide, and land use planning authorities are responsible for all land use planning matters down to Mean Low Water Spring tides and for marine fish farming (finfish and shellfish) out to three nautical miles. In the intertidal zone, between low and high water spring tides, land use planning authority therefore overlaps with marine planning’s responsibilities for the marine area. Fig. 1: Diagram illustrating the relationship between marine and land use planning policy UK Marine Policy Statement NMP Clyde Regional Marine Plan National Planning Framework 4 Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy Local Development Plans Marine Planning Land Use Planning Nation al Region al Land Use Strategy for Scotland
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Page 7 of 35 The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 states that ‘public authorities must take any authorisation and enforcement decisions in accordance with the appropriate marine plans unless relevant considerations indicate otherwise.’ Public authorities must also have regard to this Plan when making any decision which could affect the CMR. Policies within the Plan are for the use of applicants to shape proposals, public authorities to guide decision-making and other marine users to understand how the policies support the sustainable development and use of the CMR. The Plan provides locally relevant information and policy to support implementation of the NMP. Contents of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan The CRMP provides a strategic policy framework for managing developments and activities around the CMR. The Plan aims to encourage the sustainable development of marine industries; incorporate environmental protection and, where possible, enhancement; take account of social considerations in marine decision-making; and have a role in contributing to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. The Plan’s vision, aims, objectives, policies and recommendations for local management/marine users have been developed in accordance with a set of overarching Guiding Principles (GPs) which acted as a top level filter for plan development. Sustainable development (GP1), support delivery of Good Environmental Status (GP2), and the ecosystem approach (GP3) represent fundamental aspects of marine planning as already set out in global agreements and EU, UK and Scottish strategies and plans. Adding value, not complexity (GP4) and multiple responsible use of marine space (GP5) establish the tone of the Plan. The vision of the CRMP is: “The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities.” The Plan’s high-level aims relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation, sustainable development, healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment, and the wellbeing of communities. The Plan consists of general, cross-cutting policies (Section 1) which could be relevant to any proposal and should be adhered to in advance of the relevant sectoral policy (Section 2). Section 2 outlines sectoral policies relating to the key economic activities in the CMR. Chapters in Section 1: 1. Climate Change 2. Historic Environment 3. Landscape/Seascape 4. Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage 5. Natural Heritage 6. Non-Native Species 7. Marine Litter 8. Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region Chapters in Section 2: 9. All Sectors 10. Sea Fisheries 11. Aquaculture 12. Sport, Recreation and Tourism 13. Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries 14. Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines 15. Defence 16. Marine Aggregates Each chapter contains objectives followed by policies and recommendations which support delivery of the objectives. The policies provide a framework to ensure that the economic, social and
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Page 8 of 35 environmental benefits are delivered. The Plan should be read and used as a whole and in conjunction with the NMP. Proposed developments and activities will also need to comply with existing legislative and regulatory requirements. Habitats Regulations Appraisal This draft HRA has been developed based on the consultation draft CRMP and has been undertaken following NatureScot (NS) guidance6, which includes detailed guidance on the stages that need to be followed to complete an appraisal and the considerations that need to be taken into account. This HRA records the outcomes of completing stages 1-5 of the appraisal process. This will be reviewed in light of consultation feedback and comments, if necessary. Appraisal Results Stage 1 – Decide whether the CRMP is subject to HRA The CRMP was assessed against the criteria in Figure 2 to determine whether an HRA is required. It was considered that an HRA is required because the CRMP provides a framework for deciding applications and influencing decision-makers. The CRMP will be a material consideration in the determination of: marine licence applications; agreements, consents and permits from other consenting authorities; and marine or coastal planning and works licence applications. 6 Habitats Regulations Appraisal (HRA) of Local Development Plans (LDPs) - Guidance for planning authorities in Scotland; November 2023 (https://bit.ly/49SsnKj)
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Page 9 of 35 Figure 2: Deciding if the Clyde Regional Marine Plan should be subject to Habitats Regulations Appraisal based on the criteria set out in ‘Guidance for planning authorities in Scotland’ (NatureScot 2023) Stage 2 – Identification of European Sites The CRMP covers the geographical extent of the CMR. However, many coastal zone developments and activities in the terrestrial environment have links to the marine environment and can have potential impacts on marine and coastal natural, historic and cultural heritage. Proposals for developments and activities across the land-sea interface, as well as aquaculture operations, often need to obtain planning permission, a marine licence and other consents and licences relating to their proposed development and operations. Therefore, all European sites that have the potential to be impacted by the CRMP, not just those sites within the boundaries of the CMR, have been considered. This meant considering whether there are further impact pathways that may result in impacts outside of the CRMP boundaries.
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Page 10 of 35 European sites for consideration under HRA are: Special Protection Areas (SPAs), including proposed SPAs (pSPAs); Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), including candidate SACs (cSACs) and proposed SACs (pSACS); and Ramsar sites. Scottish Government policy affords the same level of protection to pSPAs and pSACs as that which applies to SPAs, SACs and cSACs. It is now updated Scottish Government policy to afford Ramsar sites the same protection as European sites7. A list of European sites that should be considered in the appraisal was identified (Table 1). There are no proposed or candidate European sites in the CMR. Sites were chosen based on their location, pathways to the CMR and pressures identified through Site Link and the Natura Standard Data Forms. There are two Ramsar sites, Inner Clyde and Loch Lomond, within the CMR that overlap with the Inner Clyde SPA, and Loch Lomond SPA and Loch Lomond Woods SAC respectively. The Ramsar sites protect the same qualifying species as the overlapping SPA and SAC sites, therefore they will not be considered as separate sites during the screening stage. All Ramsar interests are safeguarded by assessing the effects on the overlapping SPA and SAC sites. The SACs and SPAs with terrestrial qualifying features have been included because they are found around the Clyde’s coast and there could be links between developments/activities around the Region and these sites. HRA guidance recommends considering sites in the same coastal “cell” for Plans that could affect the coast. The CRMP includes policies that encourage a joined up approach between land use and marine planning, and policies often refer to marine and coastal developments. There is the potential for cumulative impacts, across the land-sea interface that could adversely impact terrestrial European sites. Some of the qualifying features in these sites are sensitive to threats that marine and coastal developments/activities can add to, such as air pollution (e.g. from increased vessel traffic), pollution to surface waters (including marine) and recreational pressures. A precautionary approach is taken when selecting sites, which is important given the complexity of marine and coastal systems. 7 Wetlands - protecting Ramsar sites: updated Scottish Government policy (https://bit.ly/4aiFIMm)
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Page 11 of 35 Table 1: European sites selected as being potentially affected by the Clyde Regional Marine Plan and reasons for their selection European site Reason for selection Tarbert Woods SAC Coastal site which could be impacted by marine and coastal developments/activities (e.g. air pollution, ecosystem modifications, cumulative impacts). Lendalfoot Hills Complex SAC Coastal site which could be impacted by marine and coastal developments/activities (e.g. air pollution, pollution to surface waters, human induced changes in hydraulic conditions, cumulative impacts). Loch Lomond Woods SAC Near the CMR at Succoth. Upstream from the CMR. Impacts could include marine water pollution and invasive non-native species. Endrick Water SAC Atlantic salmon (one of its qualifying features) migrates through the CMR. Ailsa Craig SPA In the CMR. Inner Clyde SPA In the CMR. Loch Lomond SPA Upstream from the CMR. Impacts could include changes in abiotic conditions, ecosystem modifications and human intrusions and disturbances. Greenland white-fronted goose may fly over or use the CMR whilst overwintering at the site. Arran Moors SPA Coastal site which could be impacted by marine and coastal developments/activities (e.g. ecosystem modifications, cumulative impacts). Glen Etive and Glen Fyne SPA Coastal site around the top of Loch Fyne which could be impacted by marine and coastal developments/activities (e.g. recreation/disturbance, ecosystem modifications, cumulative impacts). Glen App and Galloway Moors SPA Coastal site which could be impacted by marine and coastal developments/activities (e.g. ecosystem modifications, cumulative impacts). Black Cart SPA In the CMR8. 8 Black Cart SPA is in the CMR but is not included in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) network because its habitat classification is mostly ‘inland water bodies’ and ‘improved grassland’, which are not marine habitats. Consideration of whether a SPA should be part of the MPA network is based on whether a site supports bird species that are dependent upon Scotland’s marine environment (marine associations/components). Whooper swans are not dependent on the marine environment. (NatureScot Commissioned Report No. 547, see pages 68-75 : https://bit.ly/30belQV)
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Page 12 of 35 Stage 3 – Gathering information Information on the selected SAC and SPA sites that may potentially be impacted by the CRMP is represented in Tables 2 and 3. Information was gathered from NS SiteLink9 and the Natura Standard Data Forms10 for the respective sites. The conservation objectives for qualifying species in SPAs and SACs listed above are: • To avoid deterioration of the habitats of the qualifying species or significant disturbance to the qualifying species, thus ensuring that the integrity of the site is maintained; and • To ensure for the qualifying species that the following are maintained in the long term: o Population of the species as a viable component of the site o Distribution of the species within site o Distribution and extent of habitats supporting the species o Structure, function and supporting processes of habitats supporting the species o No significant disturbance of the species The conservation objectives for qualifying habitats in SACs listed above are: • To avoid deterioration of the qualifying habitat thus ensuring that the integrity of the site is maintained and the site makes an appropriate contribution to achieving favourable conservation status for each of the qualifying features; and • To ensure for the qualifying habitat that the following are maintained in the long term: o Extent of the habitat on site o Distribution of the habitat within site o Structure and function of the habitat o Processes supporting the habitat o Distribution of typical species of the habitat o Viability of typical species as components of the habitat o No significant disturbance of typical species of the habitat 9 NS SiteLink - https://bit.ly/42UwuQs 10 Natura Standard Data Forms - https://bit.ly/3WmbTCl
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Page 13 of 35 Special Areas of Conservation SACs are designated areas for habitats and species (terrestrial and marine) under Annex I and II under the Habitats Directive11. SACs with marine components are sites that contain qualifying marine habitats or species12. There are no SACs with marine components, including cSACs and pSACs, in the CMR. There are four terrestrial/freshwater SACs within the area surrounding the CMR (Table 2). Table 2: Information on the Special Areas of Conservation that could potentially be affected by the Clyde Regional Marine Plan No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates priority habitat) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form 1 UK0030286; 8390 Tarbert Woods Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles Unfavourable Recovering Invasive species Forest and Plantation management & use (medium) Problematic native species (medium) Air pollution, air-borne pollutants (high) Grazing in forests / woodland (high) Other ecosystem modifications (medium) Invasive non-native species (high) 2 UK0013592; 8288 Lendalfoot Hills Complex Base-rich ferns Unfavourable, no change Over grazing Grazing (high) Air pollution, air-borne pollutants (high) Changes in abiotic conditions (medium) Pollution to surface waters (limnic & terrestrial, marine & brackish) (high) Pollution to groundwater (point sources and diffuse sources) (medium) Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions (medium) Forest planting on open ground (high) Modification of cultivation practices (medium) Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities (low) Biocenotic evolution, succession (medium) Problematic native species (medium) Forest and Plantation management & use (medium) Roads, paths and railroads (medium) Invasive non-native species (low) Fertilisation (medium) Renewable abiotic energy use (medium) Fire and fire suppression (medium) Mining and quarrying (medium) Dry heaths Unfavourable, recovering Over grazing Grasslands on soils rich in heavy metals Favourable, recovered Species-rich grassland with mat- grass in upland areas Unfavourable, no change Over grazing Under grazing Very wet mires often identified by an unstable 'quaking' surface Favourable, recovered Wet heathland with cross-leaved heath Unfavourable No Change Invasive species Over grazing 11 Special Areas of Conservation – overview (https://bit.ly/2zxClTB) 12 SACs for Marine Habitats and Species: Annex I – Marine Habitats and Annex II – Marine Species (https://bit.ly/3ccUuDs).
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Page 14 of 35 No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates priority habitat) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) Structures, buildings in the landscape (medium) 3 UK0013573; 8298 Loch Lomond Woods Otter (Lutra lutra) Favourable Maintained Climate Change Development Recreation/disturbance Air pollution, air-borne pollutants (high) Use of biocides, hormones and chemicals (medium) Forest and Plantation management & use (medium) Grazing in forests/ woodland (high) Pollution to surface waters (limnic & terrestrial, marine & brackish) (medium) Problematic native species (medium) Other ecosystem modifications (medium) Roads, paths and railroads (high) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) Marine water pollution (medium) Invasive non-native species (high) Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions (high) Western acidic oak woodland Unfavourable Declining Forestry operations Invasive species (Beech, Conifers, European Larch, Rhododendron) Over grazing (Cattle, Deer, Goats) 4 UK0019840; 8252 Endrick Water Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Unfavourable Recovering Agricultural operations Game/fisheries management Invasive species (Giant hogweed – Heracleum mantegazzianum, Himalayan balsam, Japanese Knotweed) Water management Utility and service lines (medium) Marine and Freshwater Aquaculture (medium) Use of biocides, hormones and chemicals (medium) Renewable abiotic energy use (medium) Human induced changes in hydraulic conditions (high) Changes in abiotic conditions (high) Cultivation (low) Introduced genetic material, GMO (medium) Grazing (low) Annual and perennial non-timber crops (low) Air pollution, air-borne pollutants (medium) Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources (medium) Other ecosystem modifications (high) Interspecific faunal relations (medium) Changes in biotic conditions (medium) Abiotic (slow) natural processes (medium) Brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri) Favourable Maintained Same as above. Additional negative pressure: Water quality River lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) Favourable Maintained
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Page 15 of 35 No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates priority habitat) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form Forest and Plantation management & use (low) Discharges (medium) Mining and quarrying (medium) Modification of cultivation practices (low) Pollution to surface waters (limnic & terrestrial, marine & brackish)(high) Urbanised areas, human habitation (low) Invasive non-native species (high)
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Page 16 of 35 Special Protection Areas SPAs are designated areas for the conservation of birds listed in Annex I of the Birds Directive13. SPAs with marine components are defined as those sites with qualifying Birds Directive Annex I species or regularly occurring migratory species that are dependent on the marine environment for all or part of their lifecycle, where these species are found in association with intertidal or subtidal habitats14,15. There are two SPAs with marine components in the CMR – Ailsa Craig SPA and Inner Clyde SPA (Table 3). There are no pSPAs in the CMR. There are five terrestrial SPAs within the area surrounding the CMR (Table 3). Table 3: Information on the Special Protection Areas that could potentially be affected by the Clyde Regional Marine Plan No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates assemblage qualifier only) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form 5 UK9003091; 8463 Ailsa Craig Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), breeding Favourable maintained No negative pressures identified Renewable abiotic energy use (medium) Changes in biotic conditions (medium) Inundation (natural processes) (low) Fishing and harvesting aquatic resources (medium) Interspecific faunal relations (medium) Marine water pollution (low) Invasive non-native species (medium) Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities (low) Common guillemot (Uria aalge), breeding* Favourable maintained Seabird assemblage Favourable maintained European herring gull (Larus argentatus), reproducing* Unfavourable No change Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), reproducing Unfavourable No change Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), reproducing* Unfavourable recovering 13 Special Protection Areas – overview (https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/special-protection-areas-overview/) 14 SPAs with marine components: (https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/spas-with-marine-components/) 15 JNCC SPAs with Marine Components Spreadsheet, updated 15th March 2022: (https://jncc.gov.uk/resources/07078ed3-496d-432b-974e-1754b47536c7)
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Page 17 of 35 No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates assemblage qualifier only) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form 6 UK9003061; 8514 Inner Clyde Estuary Common redshank (Tringa totanus), non-breeding Unfavourable, declining Recreation/disturbance Changes in abiotic conditions (medium) 7 UK9003021; 8531 Loch Lomond Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), breeding Unfavourable Declining Climate Change Over grazing (Deer) Recreation/disturbance Changes in abiotic conditions (high) Interspecific faunal relations (high) Outdoor sports and leisure activities, recreational activities (medium) Sport and leisure structures (medium) Renewable abiotic energy use (low) Grazing (low) Changes in biotic conditions (high) Other ecosystem modifications (medium) Utility and service lines (low) Forest and Plantation management & use (medium) Other human intrusions and disturbances (high) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) Greenland white- fronted goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris), non-breeding Favourable Maintained Development Recreation/disturbance 8 UK9003341; 8614 Arran Moors Hen Harrier - Circus cyaneus, breeding Favourable Maintained Burning Invasive species Grazing (high) Interspecific faunal relations (high) Other ecosystem modifications (high) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) 9 UK9020307; 10113 Glen Etive and Glen Fyne Golden Eagle - Aquila chrysaetos, breeding Favourable Maintained Recreation/disturbance Grazing (low) Renewable abiotic energy use (medium) Changes in biotic conditions (medium) Forest planting on open ground (medium) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) Other ecosystem modifications (low) 10 UK9003351; 8615 Glen App and Hen Harrier - Circus cyaneus, breeding Favourable Maintained No negative pressures identified Interspecific faunal relation (high) Grazing (high)
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Page 18 of 35 No. Site Qualifying features and their condition (*indicates assemblage qualifier only) Threats, pressures and activities with impacts on the site (level of impact – high, medium or low) Codes (Natura Standard Data Form / NS SiteLink) Name NS SiteLink Natura Standard Data Form Galloway Moors SPA Other ecosystem modifications (high) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (high) 11 UK9003221; 8471 Black Cart SPA Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), non-breeding Unfavourable Declining No negative pressures identified Changes in biotic conditions (medium) Utility and service lines (medium) Other forms of pollution (medium) Renewable abiotic energy use (low) Hunting and collection of wild animals (terrestrial), including accidental capture (e.g. due to fishing gear) (medium)
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Page 19 of 35 Stage 4 – Discretionary consultation with NatureScot on method and scope of appraisal NatureScot were informally consulted twice during the drafting of this HRA as Members of the CMPP in terms of methodology, scope, sites potentially affected, and other relevant information. Stage 5 – Screen the CRMP for likely significant effects on European sites ‘Screening’ is a term used to describe the initial stages of the HRA and the purpose of the screening stage is to16: • Identify all aspects of the plan which would have no effect on a European site, so that they can be eliminated from further consideration in respect of this and other plans; • Identify all aspects of the plan which would not be likely to have a significant effect on a European site (i.e. would have some effect, because of links/connectivity, but which are minor residual), either alone or in combination with other aspects of the same plan or other plans or projects, which therefore do not require ‘Appropriate Assessment’; and • Identify those aspects of the plan where it is not possible to rule out the risk of significant effects on a European site, either alone or in combination with other plans or projects. This provides a clear scope for the parts of the plan that will require Appropriate Assessment. An effect is considered to be a likely significant effect (LSE) if it cannot be ruled out on the basis of objective information and if it is a significant effect either individually or in combination with other plans and projects. The precautionary principle is applied when assessing the likelihood of effects the CRMP will have on European sites in the CMR. The screening process includes key steps to eliminate or ‘screen out’ elements of the CRMP that will not have an LSE on a European site and ‘screen in’ elements of the CRMP that will have an LSE on a European site. Elements of the CRMP that are screened into the Appropriate Assessment will be subject to further appraisal. Only those elements determined as having LSEs with respect to the qualifying feature(s) or conservation objectives of a given European site will be highlighted for inclusion in the Appropriate Assessment. The ‘screening’ process includes three key stages: 1. screening out general (policy) statements and general criteria-based policies; 2. screening out policy and/or projects referred to in, but not proposed by, the CRMP; and 3. screening out aspects of the CRMP that could have no LSEs on a site, alone or in- combination with other aspects of the same plan, or with other plans or projects. The following aspects of the CRMP were screened following the above screening stages: • Vision, aims and guiding principles • General objectives, policies and recommendations • Sectoral objectives, policies and recommendations First, aspects of the CRMP which are either general (policy) statements or general criteria-based policies were screened out under stage 1. Aspects of the CRMP which were not screened out under stage 1 were then considered under stage 2; any aspects of the CRMP which refer to existing policy or regulation not originally proposed by the CRMP were screened out. The remaining aspects of the CRMP were considered under stage 3, which includes five sub-stages (stages 3a-3e, see Table 4). Table 4 summarises the results from the screening stage. The vision, aims and guiding principles were reviewed under screening step 1 and they were screened out because they are general policy 16 Habitats Regulations Appraisal (HRA) of Local Development Plans (LDPs) - Guidance for planning authorities in Scotland; November 2023 (https://bit.ly/49SsnKj)
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Page 20 of 35 statements and will have no LSEs on any European sites. Further details are provided in Annex 1. Similarly, all the objectives were reviewed under screening step 1 and they were also screened out because they are general policy statements and will have no LSEs on any European sites. Further details are provided in Annex 2. The general policies and sectoral policies were reviewed according to the three key screening stages. The results show that none of the general and sectoral policies will have LSEs on any European sites, therefore they can all be screened out of the Appropriate Assessment. Most policies and recommendations were screened out under screening stages 1 and 3. Policies in the natural heritage chapter were amended after an initial screening to explicitly include the protection and enhancement of European sites. Further details are provided in Annex 3 and 4. Although many aspects of the CRMP are screened out under screening stage 1, because they are either general (policy) statements or general criteria-based policies, they also fit the criteria for later screening stages. Many aspects of the CRMP intend to protect the natural environment, including biodiversity, or conserve or enhance the natural built or historic environment, where enhancement measures will not be likely to have any negative effect on a European site (stage 3a). Many of the policies or recommendations will not themselves lead to development or other change because they relate to design or other qualitative criteria for development or other kinds of change (stage 3b). For many of the policies and recommendations in the CRMP, it is not known where, when or how they may be implemented, or where any potential effects may occur, or which European sites, if any, may be affected (stage 3e). Table 4: Screening results – Stages 1-3 Aspects of the Plan which would not be likely to have a significant effect on a European site alone Relevant parts of the plan General Sectoral Stage 1: General (policy) statements or general criteria-based policy which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals Vision, Aims, Guiding Principles All of the objectives Policies CC 1-2 Recommendation rCC1 Recommendation rHE1 Policies SCAPE 1-3, Recommendation rSCAPE 1 Policies CP 1, 3-4 Recommendation rCP1 Policies NH 1-2, 4 Policy NNS 1, Recommendation rNNS 2 Policies ML 1,2 Recommendation rML 2,4 Policies CONNECT 1, 3, Recommendations rCONNECT 1- 6 All of the objectives Policies SEC 1,2 Recommendations rSEC 1-2 Policies FISH 1-3, Recommendations rFISH 1-4 Policies AQUA 1-5 Policies SRT 1 & 3, Recommendation rSRT 1 Policies SHIP 4-5, Recommendation rSHIP 1 Policies ENCA 1-2 Recommendation ENCA1 Recommendation rDEF 1 Policy AGG 1 Stage 2: Aspects excluded from the appraisal because they are not proposals generated by this plan None None Stage 3a: Aspects which protect the natural environment, including biodiversity, or conserve or enhance the natural, built or historic environment Policies CC 3-5 Policies HE 1-2 Policy CP 2 Policy NH 3 Recommendation rNH 1 Recommendation rNNS 1 Recommendation rML3 Recommendation rAQUA 1 Stage 3b: Aspects which will not lead to development or other change Policy CONNECT 2 None Stage 3c: Aspects which make provision for change but which could have no conceivable effect on a European site, because there is no link or pathway between them and the qualifying interests, or any effect would be a positive effect, None None
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Page 21 of 35 Aspects of the Plan which would not be likely to have a significant effect on a European site alone Relevant parts of the plan General Sectoral or would not otherwise undermine the conservation objectives for the site Stage 3d: Aspects which make provision for change but which could have no significant effect on a European site (minor residual effects), because any potential effects would be so restricted that they would not undermine the conservation objectives for the site None None Stage 3e: Aspects which are too general so that it is not known where, when or how the aspect of the plan may be implemented, or where any potential effects may occur, or which European sites, if any, may be affected Recommendation rML 1 Policy SRT 2 Policies SHIP 1-3 The HRA process only assesses whether a plan or project could undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and therefore have a likely significant effect on these sites. HRAs do not focus on the potential benefits a plan or project could have on European sites. However, it is important to note that the CRMP includes policies that intend to protect and enhance the natural environment and the CRMP intends to manage marine resources better which in turn will also support European sites. In-combination assessment The requirement for in-combination assessment has been reviewed in two steps: the potential effects on European sites of the CMRP on its own, and the potential effects on European sites of the CRMP in combination with other plans or projects. Clyde Regional Marine Plan on its own All of the general or sectoral policies and recommendations have been screened out of further assessment as they are either general (policy) statements, are not policies and/or projects generated by this plan or could have no LSE on a European site. None of the policies direct activities to a particular location or provide for them to be carried out in a particular way. Nor are they linked to a European site. In consequence, no in-combination assessment is required for the CRMP on its own. Clyde Regional Marine Plan with other plans/proposals The CRMP must be in accordance with Scotland’s NMP and the UK Marine Policy Statement. The Plan does not replace or remove existing regulatory regimes or legislative requirements. It provides a consistent overarching framework to be used when reaching decisions about development and use in the Clyde Marine Region. The Plan will operate within the context of, and seek alignment with, both statutory and non-statutory plans. This includes but is not limited to: the National Planning Framework, the Scottish National Adaptation Plan, Local Development Plans, City Region and Growth Deals, Mission Clyde, River Basin Management Plans, Flood Risk Management Plans, Inshore Fisheries Group Management Plans, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plans and Coastal Change Adaptation Plans. Given that the focus of the CRMP is on policies, rather than proposals, this part of the HRA focuses on the potential for cumulative effects of the CRMP, NMP, Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy and LDPs for the Planning Authorities around the CMR. The CRMP, NMP, Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy and LDPs together set out a framework of social, economic and environmental policies which identify issues that need to be taken into account when making decisions about developments, activities and/or initiatives in the marine and coastal environment, either within the CMR or nationally. These policy documents
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Page 22 of 35 include a presumption for sustainable development and use. Alone, policies in these plans encouraging economic growth have the potential to result in effects on the qualifying interests of European sites. However, these policies are balanced by the requirement for development and use to be sustainable, and this is further elaborated by policies which protect European sites and their qualifying features. The cumulative effects of this policy framework are that: economic growth is supported, focusing on the right type of development in the right place; and potential adverse effects on European sites are avoided from development(s) and/or activities in marine and coastal environments. The policies in the NMP, Glasgow City Region Place – Regional Spatial Strategy and LDPs are general statements or general criteria-based policies and none of them direct activities to a particular location or provide for them to be carried out in a particular way without providing policy caveats which consider European sites. This, in combination with the policies that protect European sites (e.g. GEN 9 in the NMP and NH 1 in the CRMP), means there should not be in-combination effects of these frameworks on European sites. Conclusion The vision, aims, general principles and objectives of the CRMP are all general policy statements which have been screened out of the assessment. The majority of the general policies are general policy statements or are general criteria-based policies which set out expectations that apply to all developments and activities in the marine and coastal environment of the CMR (as defined in the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015). Other general policies intend to protect the natural environment. Therefore, none of the general policies are considered to have LSEs on any European site and have been screened out of the assessment. The majority of sectoral policies are general criteria-based policies which set out expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals for sectoral developments and/or activities in the marine and coastal environment. Some sectoral policies were screened out of the assessment because they refer to existing national legislation or policies and others were screened out because it is not known where, when or how policies may be implemented, or where any potential effects may occur, or which European sites, if any, may be affected. None of the sectoral policies are considered to have LSEs on any European site and have been screened out of the assessment. No connectivity or direct pathways for impact have been identified between the general or sectoral policies and specific European sites. In conclusion, the CRMP does not include any aspects which could have LSEs on any European sites. An Appropriate Assessment of the CRMP is therefore not required. The CRMP intends to protect and enhance the marine and coastal environment and provides a framework for the sustainable development and use of the CMR. This draft HRA will be updated after the public statutory consultation based on any feedback received on the draft HRA and/or the draft CRMP.
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Page 23 of 35 Annexes Annex 1 – Screening of the vision, aims and guiding principles Title Statement Comments Vision The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities. The vision may be regarded as a general policy statement as it is aspirational, strategic and very general. The vision does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. Aims Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy. The aims may be regarded as general policy statements as they are aspirational, strategic and very general. The aims do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. Support resilient local communities in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change. Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region to respond to climate change issues. Provide a policy and planning framework for safe and sustainable development and use which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region. Provide a plan for decision makers to have regard of when responding to marine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas. Maintain and enhance the health of the Clyde Marine Region, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources. Ensure that the Marine Protected Area network contributes to the protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s biodiversity and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement. Ensure that use and developments contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features. Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access. Support the connection of people to the Clyde Marine Region through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. Guiding Principles Sustainable Development These strategic guiding principles are regarded as general policy statements. The guiding principles do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. Support delivery of Good Environmental Status Ecosystem Approach Adding value, not complexity Multiple responsible use of marine space. Annex 2 – Screening of the objectives Objective Comments CC 1: Development(s) and use in the Clyde Marine Region are carbon neutral and resilient to the impacts of climate change by 2045. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support climate mitigation and adaption in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. CC 2: Natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide are maintained and enhanced in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to protect and enhance natural carbon stores and the associated benefits and services they provide. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. HE 1: Marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets in the Clyde Marine Region, whether visible, buried, submerged or intangible, are protected and enhanced. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to protect and enhance marine and coastal historical and cultural assets in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. HE 2: People’s knowledge and experience of the marine and coastal historic environment is enhanced through improved awareness of the historical and cultural assets of the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve people’s knowledge and experience of the marine and coastal historic environment. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1.
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Page 24 of 35 Objective Comments SCAPE 1: Nationally and locally important landscape/seascape character of the Clyde Marine Region is protected and enhanced, at both a wider and a local level, to contribute to the quality of life and wellbeing of local communities and visitors. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to protect and enhance national and local landscape/seascape characters. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. CP 1: Development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region are resilient to the dynamic nature of the coast, including the impacts of climate change, using natural assets and soft engineering where possible. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support coastal resilience. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. NH 1: The overall health of marine and coastal ecosystems of the Clyde Marine Region and the ecosystem services they provide are protected and enhanced, particularly with regard to achieving the conservation and/or management objectives for the relevant Marine Protected Area network sites, other coastal designated sites, Priority Marine Features (irrespective of location), and other protected habitats and species. These objectives are regarded as general policy statements which set out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to protect and enhance the natural environment, including European sites from inappropriate development or adverse impacts. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. NH 2: Development and use of the marine and coastal environment, in combination with measures to protect habitats and species, have an overall positive impact on biodiversity and the health of the Clyde ecosystem. NH 3: Knowledge and data on marine and coastal species, habitats and ecosystems within the Clyde Marine Region are improved to identify opportunities for their protection and enhancement and to inform sustainable development. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve knowledge and data on the marine and coastal environment. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. NNS 1: The risk of introduction and spread of non-native species is reduced in the Clyde Marine Region through improved management of the known pathways. The impacts of non-native species on both the ecosystem and the economy are minimised. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of non-native species and thus protecting the natural environment, including European sites, against additional pressures. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. ML 1: Development(s) and/or use does not contribute to marine litter in the Clyde Marine Region (SD2). This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to reduce the amount of marine litter entering the marine environment. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. ML 2: Development(s) and/or use seek to contribute to the circular economy (SD3). This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to reduce litter entering the Region by contributing to the circular economy. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. ML 3: An increase in beach and riverine cleaning activities and data collected through such activities which contribute to the evidence base on marine litter (SD1&4) within the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to increase marine litter clean-up and data collection activities in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. CONNECT 1: Local communities and marine users are meaningfully engaged in the decision-making process for proposals in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support meaningful stakeholder engagement in Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. CONNECT 2: People’s knowledge and enjoyment of the Clyde Marine Region is improved through sustainable and responsible use and/or experience of the natural environment, its historical and cultural assets and locally farmed or sourced products. This leads to an improvement in people’s ocean literacy, sense of place, health & wellbeing and supports the local economy. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support people’s knowledge and enjoyment of the Region through sustainable use/experience. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. CONNECT 3: Responsible public access to the marine and coastal environment is improved in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve responsible public access to the marine and coastal environment. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SEC 1: Encourage the safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure and the marine spatial area between sectors in the Clyde Marine Region, including local collaboration across and within sectors. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage safe and appropriate multiple use of infrastructure. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SEC 2: Ensure infrastructure, such as ports and harbours and those related to supply chain, adequately support sectors operating in the Clyde Marine Region, including onward links to the transport network outwith the Region. Any development aligns with the integrated transport objectives in Local Development Plans. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support sectoral infrastructure requirements. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SEC 3: The availability of and access to knowledge and data which inform sustainable development, identify opportunities for protection and enhancement and strengthen our understanding of cumulative impacts and mitigation measures are improved in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve the availability of and access to knowledge and data. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SEC 4: Cumulative impacts of development(s) and activities in the Clyde Marine Region are mitigated. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to mitigate cumulative impacts of developments and activities. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1.
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Page 25 of 35 Objective Comments FISH 1: A sustainable, diverse and resilient marine ecosystem which enables a wide range of long-term environmentally sustainable fishing opportunities in the Clyde Marine Region, supplying both local and other markets. These objectives are regarded as general policy statements which set out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to support sustainable fisheries in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. FISH 2: Fisheries operate and are managed to achieve economic, social and employment benefits and contribute to the availability of food supplies. . FISH 3: All fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region are managed to restore and maintain populations of harvested species above biomass levels capable of producing Maximum Sustainable Yield, based on the best available scientific advice. Fisheries operate at an appropriate level with respect to stock and environmental considerations and do not overexploit stocks. FISH 4: Fisheries adapt to changes in species distribution and abundance due to climate change in the Clyde Marine Region. FISH 5: Bycatch of non-target species in the Clyde Marine Region is avoided or reduced. FISH 6: Fisheries spatial management protects and enhances areas of importance to fisheries activities, including fish habitats such as nursery areas and spawning grounds. FISH 7: Knowledge and data on fish stocks and areas of importance to fisheries activities are improved within the Clyde Marine Region to inform sustainable fisheries and to ensure that interactions with other marine users are well managed. AQUA 1: Sustainable development and diversification of the aquaculture sector in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity of the Clyde Marine Region, providing socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands and supporting the wider supply chain in Scotland. These objectives are regarded as general policy statements which set out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to support sustainable development and diversification of the sector. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. AQUA 2: Aquaculture development actively contributes to the protection and enhancement of the marine environment in the Clyde Marine Region by undertaking action and/or research & development initiatives which support sustainable development of the sector, including climate change mitigation and adaptation. SRT 1: The Clyde Marine Region provides world class sustainable sport, recreation and tourism experiences for local people and visitors. The social benefits, including health and wellbeing, economic benefits and environmental benefits (through protection and enhancement of unique, natural resources which attract visitors and which are relied upon for recreational activities) generated by this sector are protected and spread across residents, local communities and beyond. These objectives are regarded as general policy statements which set out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to support sustainable sport, recreation and tourism, including improving public access, in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SRT 2: Public access to the sea is improved in the Clyde Marine Region, along with supporting infrastructure and facilities. SHIP 1: Collaborative efforts to promote the Clyde Marine Region as a tourist destination are continued by supporting sustainable development of the market for cruise ships and smaller cruise vessels, whilst seeking opportunities for related socioeconomic activity. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support sustainable cruise industries in the Region. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SHIP 2: An increase in the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities in the Clyde Marine Region for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of marine structures and vessels, particularly where activities contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to increase the use of ports, harbours and other coastal facilities. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SHIP 3: Connectivity is improved and sustainable transport by sea and rail is increased within the Clyde Marine Region and beyond. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which set out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to maintain and improve transport network. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. SHIP 4: Opportunities for associated environmental enhancement are explored where capital or maintenance dredging is proposed in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support opportunities for environmental enhancement for proposed capital or maintenance dredging. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. ENCA 1: The Clyde Marine Region plays its part in the transition to a decarbonised Scottish Economy while ensuring energy security. Offshore energy generation is essential to securing long term benefits and jobs for local communities and contributing to energy security. This includes the use of marine wind, wave and tidal renewable energy sources in the Clyde Marine Region. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. ENCA 2: The laying, replacement and maintenance of important subsea cables and pipelines in the Clyde Marine Region is undertaken with due consideration of all marine users. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to ensure activities related to subsea cables and pipelines are undertaken with due consideration of all marine users. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1.
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Page 26 of 35 Objective Comments DEF 1: Operations of His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde as the UK Single Submarine Operating Base are undertaken in the Clyde Marine Region, with due consideration of other marine users and the marine environment. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support the Ministry of Defence to consider other marine users and the marine environment when undertaking their activities. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. AGG 1: Marine aggregate resources are safeguarded in the Clyde Marine Region and any future exploitation is in line with regulations, in particular regarding potential environmental impact. This objective is regarded as a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to safeguard marine aggregate resources. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 1. Annex 3 – Screening of the general policies and recommendations Policies and Recommendations Comments CC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered appropriate and proportionate measures to: a) minimise emissions of greenhouse gases over the lifespan of the proposal; b) adapt to the current and future likely impacts of climate change over the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required; c) support or increase sustainable transport use and local transport solutions if applicable. These are general criteria-based policies which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CC 2: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid significant harm or damage to carbon stores, including those in intertidal habitats in the Clyde Marine Region. Where an impact on a recognised carbon store (see Maps CC 1 & 2) may occur, it should be demonstrated prior to development taking place that any impacts can be suitably mitigated, using the mitigation hierarchy. CC 3: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to deliver positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores (as identified in the Scottish Blue Carbon Action Plan) including to support their expansion. These policies intend to protect the natural environment by encouraging delivery of positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores and encouraging enhancement of carbon stores and nature-based solutions. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. CC 4: Proposals for the enhancement of marine and coastal natural carbon stores, such as habitat restoration or creation and native species restoration, and proposals for other nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change will be supported and encouraged where they demonstrate consideration of potential climate change impacts on the proposal, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. CC 5: Proposals for nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change are encouraged and will be supported where they demonstrate appropriate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. rCC1: Developments are encouraged to promote climate justice and help society and the environment to be more resilient to the current and future likely impacts of climate change. This is a general recommendation statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support the resilience of the Region and does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. HE 1: Development(s) and/or activities will only be supported if they protect marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets, their context and accessibility. If detrimental impact on historic environment and cultural assets is unavoidable, development(s) and/or activities must: • demonstrate that alternative proposals have been explored, • minimise impacts on these assets, and • ensure mitigation measures are in place. These policies intend to protect and enhance marine and coastal historical and cultural assets. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. HE 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to identify opportunities for enhancement of historic environment and cultural assets and/or their accessibility. rHE 1: Efforts should be made to protect and promote non-structural and intangible marine and coastal cultural heritage. For example, through museums, visitor centres, festivals, or incorporation into development proposals. This is a general recommendation statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support the cultural heritage of the Region and does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SCAPE 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where appropriate:
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Page 27 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments a) the Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde, the relevant planning authority Landscape Assessments and other relevant Strategic Development Frameworks, character appraisals or supporting documentation; b) how the proposal takes into account its effects on the existing character, experience and quality of the landscape/seascape. Where negative or intrusive visual effects are likely, steps should be taken to avoid or minimise effects. This includes developed, altered and cultural landscapes as well as natural areas; c) a high standard of design, in terms of siting, scale, colour, materials and form to ensure the development or coastal use change will be accommodated within specific landscape and seascape types (as shown in Map SCAPE 2). These are general criteria-based policies which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SCAPE 2: Proposals for development and/or use in the Inner Clyde estuary should consider how the proposal takes into account its effects on the distinctive character of the River Clyde Development Corridor. SCAPE 3: Proposals for development and/or use that affect National Scenic Areas, National and Regional Parks, or Local Landscape Areas should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) they will not adversely affect the integrity of the area or its special qualities for which it has been designated, or b) any such adverse effects are clearly outweighed by social, environmental or economic benefits of national importance (or local importance for Local Landscape Areas). It should be considered whether or not a Design Statement is required to support a proposal for development or use that affects a National Scenic Area or National or Regional Park. rSCAPE 1: Efforts should be made to maintain developments, infrastructure and facilities in a coastal or marine location in such a way that they do not have a significant adverse impact on the landscape/seascape qualities of an area. This is a general recommendation statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support the landscape/seascape qualities of the Region, and does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CP 2: Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. This policy intends to protect the environment, including European sites, if any artificial coastal defence materials need to be removed. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a.
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Page 28 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments CP 3: The installation of new or replacement flood defences, coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works will be encouraged if coastal erosion or flooding threatens existing public infrastructure, important built development, including historic environment features, and where relocation options are not feasible. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses an expectation that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CP 4: For large marine and coastal infrastructure projects below the Mean High Water Springs that involve an element of lock-in or irreversibility , a climate change risk assessment (detailing flooding and coastal change risks to communities, businesses and infrastructure) should be undertaken and proportionate adaptation features should be included within the proposal in line with best practice guidelines. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCP 1: Communication and connectivity between marine users and land users is encouraged to ensure that the coastal zone is managed and protected appropriately. This is a general recommendation statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support communication and connectivity within the Region, and does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. NH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should a) demonstrate that they have considered the potential for cumulative impacts affecting the marine and coastal environment; b) ensure that there are no significant adverse impacts on the national status of Priority Marine Features; and c) demonstrate how any potential significant adverse impacts on Marine Protected Areas, or Priority Marine Features have been avoided, minimised and/or appropriately mitigated. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. NH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered the following where relevant: a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives17; b) supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy18; c) opportunities to enhance biodiversity and associated ecosystem services; d) potential significant impacts on bird species that have been identified as declining through the use of appropriate tools and/or methods. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. This policy intends to encourage environmental enhancement measures; however, enhancing European sites was initially not explicitly included in this policy so after an initial screening, this policy was amended to include European sites (amended wording is underlined): “a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives”. NH 3: Proposals for biodiversity and/or ecosystem enhancement will be encouraged to demonstrate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and take potential climate change impacts on the proposal into account. This policy intends to encourage environmental enhancement measures. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. NH 4: Proposals for development and/or use that may limit the ability of diadromous fish species and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Clyde Marine Region should demonstrate that they have considered if suitable mitigation measures are in place and there should be no significant adverse impacts. Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. This policy intends to protect the environment, specifically the ability of diadromous fish and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Region; however, the policy initially did not explicitly refer to European sites. Therefore, after an initial screening, this policy was amended to include European sites (amended wording is underlined): “Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from.” rNH 1: Where a licence is not required, users carrying out small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed are encouraged to consider the potential ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities within proximity to This recommendation intends to protect the environment by encouraging consideration of ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities. This recommendation does not undermine the 17 This information for each of the designated sites is available on SiteLink (https://bit.ly/37v12eZ). Note there is no specific management advice/guidance for the Inner Clyde RAMSAR site, however the boundaries of the Inner Clyde SPA and SSSI are coincident and the SPA Conservation Objectives and SSSI Citation and Operations Requiring Consent should be used. 18 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (https://bit.ly/38KmkWc). Commented [RA1]: Define
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Page 29 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments each other. Communication between users carrying out seaweed harvesting operations within proximity to each other is encouraged. conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. NNS 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they have minimised the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species affecting seabirds and/or the ecological or recreational value of coastal habitats. Proposals should refer to the Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice. Where relevant, a site- or operation-based biosecurity plan should be developed in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rNNS 1: Initiatives are encouraged to research, eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species. This recommendation intends to protect the natural environment by encouraging initiatives which support the management of non-native species. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. rNNS 2: All marine users in the Clyde Marine Region should: a) conform to the Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-native species, the voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan, b) proactively consider the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, c) put in place biosecurity management measures to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, and d) where relevant, develop a site-, event- or operation-based biosecurity plan in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage all marine users to follow best practice guidelines to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. ML 1: Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. ML 2: Waste water infrastructure should be designed, wherever practicable, to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment through watercourses or any other pathway. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses an expectation that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rML 1: Through the Fishing for Litter scheme, or other similar schemes, port or harbour operators are encouraged to provide facilities to fishing vessels to dispose of any litter collected. It is not possible to identify where, when or how the recommendation may be implemented, or where its effects may occur, or which sites, if any, may be affected. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3e. rML 2: Businesses and organisations managing or handling plastic pellets, flakes or powders (nurdles), including shippers, transporters and recyclers, should adopt best practice guidance to prevent these plastics from entering waste water treatment systems and/or the marine environment. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage best practice guidance to prevent plastic nurdles, flakes or powder from entering wastewater treatment systems and/or the marine environment. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rML 3: Development(s) and/or use in the marine and coastal environment should take measures to address marine litter entering the marine environment and should consider opportunities to contribute to the circular economy, for example by recycling old equipment. Initiatives which facilitate this are supported. This recommendation intends to protect the natural environment by reducing litter and supporting the circular economy. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. rML 4: The Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies should be followed in carrying out beach cleaning operations. The support by public authorities of local community beach cleaning is encouraged where appropriate. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage best practice guidance for beach cleaning operations and their support. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CONNECT 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered taking a proportionate approach to the following: This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites
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Page 30 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments a) engagement with stakeholders from relevant sectors, especially where there might be direct interactions between different uses and/or developments; and b) where relevant, the general public has been informed and consulted during development of the proposal, particularly if the proposal could significantly impact local communities. and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. CONNECT 2: Proposals for development and/or use which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways, particularly those which connect coastal sites of local importance, are encouraged. These should be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural and cultural heritage. This policy will not lead to development or change itself because it relates to the design of developments / activities which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways. Any new developments / activities will need to be designed in a way that prevent impacts on sensitive natural heritage, which includes any European sites and their protected features. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3b. CONNECT 3: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where applicable, that: a) access rights to the marine environment are retained and improved, and b) access to the shore and water is optimised for sport, recreation and tourism, and safety issues have been addressed. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCONNECT 1: All marine users and the general public are encouraged to engage with formal consultation processes in public authority decision-making about development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. This can be achieved individually or as a member of a community, interest or sports groups. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage marine users to engage with formal consultation processes in the Region. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCONNECT 2: All users of the Clyde Marine Region should follow guidance set out in relevant codes and best practice guidelines, which include but are not limited to: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife • Scottish Outdoor Access Code • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen Non-Native Species • Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-Native Species • ‘Check Clean Dry’ Guidance Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage all marine users to follow relevant codes and best practice guidelines. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCONNECT 3: Activities are encouraged which give opportunities to marine users, including the general public, to collect data (e.g. through citizen science projects). This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage citizen science projects. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCONNECT 4: Activities and experiences are encouraged which engage with those people living in and/or visiting the Clyde Marine Region to improve their interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Regions natural heritage, historic environment and cultural heritage including the Gaelic language, and/or marine sport and recreation opportunities. Activities and experiences should be accessible to all, including those with protected characteristics, should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and encourage independent living. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve people’s interest and awareness of the Region’s assets and opportunities. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rCONNECT 5: Activities are encouraged which engage local communities in identifying areas of marine litter accumulation, carrying out beach cleans, and/or communicating issues relating to marine litter. Beach clean organisers are encouraged to contribute to data collecting initiatives. This includes but is not limited to: the Marine Conservation Society’s Beachwatch campaign, Fidra’s ‘Great Nurdle Hunt’ data collection project and Keep Scotland Beautiful initiatives such as Upstream Battle. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage local communities to carry out activities that help reduce marine litter. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1.
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Page 31 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments rCONNECT 6: Initiatives are encouraged to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the Clyde Marine Region to local shops and restaurants to promote the ‘Clyde brand’ and enhance experiences for local people and visitors to the Region. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage initiatives that support local supply chains. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. Annex 4 – Screening of sectoral policies and recommendations Policies and Recommendations Comments SEC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered: a) Any adverse impacts on the efficient and safe movement or navigation of vessels around the Region, to and from strategic freight hubs, ports, harbours, marinas, moorings and anchorages, including ferry operations are avoided or appropriately mitigated; b) demonstrating operational and/or technical mitigation where a proposals’ benefits may outweigh navigational interference; c) the cumulative impacts of the proposal, both within and between sectors where possible; d) alignment with any future sectoral spatial management plans developed by the Scottish Government, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Planning Authorities and/or the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership for the relevant sector; e) potential synergies and partnerships with other sectors; f) avoiding, minimising or mitigating any negative impact on other marine users; and g) avoiding any unacceptable burdens on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. These are general criteria-based policies which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SEC 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged where they: a) provide important supply chain services for marine sectors, b) promote any opportunities for shared use of infrastructure and/or marine spatial area and collaboration between and within sectors, c) improve connectivity around the Clyde Marine Region, for example through multi-modal journey planning and active travel, taking into account different types of activity as well as different types of transport and links to other marine regions, or d) provide social, health & wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely, for example through the regeneration of coastal areas, particularly brownfield sites, and/or the diversification of the rural marine economy. rSEC 1: Organisations and marine users should share data, which is not commercially sensitive, related to their activities in the marine and coastal environment to central databases and support open data initiatives to facilitate partnership working and increase knowledge of the Clyde Marine Region. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage organisations and marine users to share data. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rSEC 2: Organisations should communicate with other relevant marine users where possible when they are planning to undertake works, including emergency works, in the Clyde Marine Region. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve communication between stakeholders. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. FISH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid, minimise and/or appropriately mitigate significant adverse impacts: a) on commercial fishing opportunities, taking into account seasonality and the year-round operation of the affected fishery; This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account by Marine Directorate, the South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group, fisheries representatives and other parties. The measures listed in this policy intend to prevent adverse impacts on fishing opportunities, their areas and fish stocks, thereby supporting the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. Furthermore, this policy intends to prevent damage to important biological sites and protected
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Page 32 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments b) on nursery, spawning and feeding areas for commercially fished species, and associated habitats and species; c) on fish stocks and the use of fuel by fishing vessels due to displacement, including related impacts on the wider marine environment; and d) on the social, cultural and economic importance of fishing, in particular to fragile communities. species, including European sites. Although fisheries management is considered a potential threat to Endrick Water SAC, Ailsa Craig SPA and Inner Clyde SPA, the listed measures in the policy do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore have no likely significant effects on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. FISH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate how they would encourage an ecosystem-based approach to the management of fishing in the Firth of Clyde, reflecting the general and sectoral objectives of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. This is a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support an ecosystem- based approach to fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. FISH 3: The appropriate fishing agencies, organisations and/or fishers that use an area that could be affected by a proposed development should be consulted at an early stage in the site-selection, design and planning process. This is a general policy statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to improve communication between developers and other marine space users. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rFISH 1: Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) stock assessments are available for all harvested species, appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate; b) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity; and c) improving technology and fishing practices which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). This is a general criteria-based recommendation which sets out strategic aspirations of the CRMP that should be taken into account by Marine Directorate, the South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group, fisheries representatives and other parties. The measures listed in this recommendation intend to support the conservation and enhancement of the integrity of ecosystems, their interactions and the benefits they provide. Furthermore, this recommendation intends to prevent damage to important biological sites and protected species, including European sites. Although fisheries management is considered a potential threat to Endrick Water SAC, Ailsa Craig SPA and Inner Clyde SPA, the listed measures in the recommendation do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore have no likely significant effects on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rFISH 2: Scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems are encouraged. This includes, but is not limited to: a) studies to consider pressures on harvested stocks such as food web interaction and climate change; b) improved understanding of the habitats and areas that support fisheries including pressure/state relationships and ecosystem role/function; and c) continued monitoring of seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rFISH 3: Fishers should follow the Scottish Entanglement Alliance best practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine animals becoming entangled in fishing gear. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out strategic aspirations for the CRMP to encourage fishers to follow best practice guidelines. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rFISH 4: Fishers should follow best practice guidelines in relation to static gear buoy markings in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse interactions with other marine users. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to inform marine users about existing legislation, e.g. the Marking of Creels (Scotland) Order 2020, and any other relevant guidance to improve gear buoy markings. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. AQUA 1: Proposals for finfish farming development should have regard to: a) the Technical Standard for open net Finfish Aquaculture and any future Technical Standard for open net, semi-closed or closed systems; and b) the requirements outlined in the mandatory control measures for the live capture of Scottish wild wrasse for salmon farms and any future fisheries management or legislation regarding cleaner fish. These are general criteria-based policies which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. AQUA 2 policy protects migratory routes for wild salmon, a qualifying species for Endrick Water SAC. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1.
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Page 33 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments AQUA 2: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered site management actions or initiatives to improve sea lice and disease management, and to reduce the risk of fish escapes. AQUA 3: Proposals for mussel farms should be considered where they support delivery of the policy outcomes of NPF4 through policy 32 on aquaculture and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. AQUA 4: Proposals for seaweed cultivation should have regard to the latest Scottish Government Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement and any subsequent guidance and/or planning requirements. AQUA 5: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered that there is no artificial nutrient enrichment of the marine environment to aid production. rAQUA 1: Initiatives are encouraged by land and homeowners and public authorities to reduce diffuse pollution and point source pollution from entering water bodies, which can negatively impact water quality, particularly within Shellfish Water Protected Areas. This recommendation intends to protect the natural environment by reducing pollution from entering water bodies. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3a. SRT 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine-related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism, b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives, d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore facilities in the Region, f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SRT 2: Proposals should be supported for the introduction, maintenance and improvement of the network of public slipways and shoreside infrastructure, along with supporting facilities where appropriate and where unacceptable adverse impacts on the environment and amenities are avoided, below the Mean High Water Springs, across the Clyde Marine Region. It is not possible to identify where, when or how the policy may be implemented, or where its effects may occur, or which sites, if any, may be affected. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3e. SRT 3: National and international sport, recreational and tourism events for all recreational vessels are supported in the Clyde Marine Region. Organisers of such events: a) should undertake a risk assessment to identify likely significant impacts on protected areas and species, b) should collaborate with and seek advice from relevant authorities, (e.g. NatureScot) to acquire licences where needed and to identify and implement appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner in advance of any event taking place, and c) should inform the relevant Statutory Harbour Authority of the nature and details of the event in a timely manner in advance of the event taking place. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rSRT 1: All wildlife cruise tour operators operating within the Clyde Marine Region should be WiSe scheme certified. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage wildlife cruise tour operators to be WiSe scheme certified. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SHIP 1: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported that encourage the sustainable growth of the cruise market for ships of around 150 m at appropriate locations, in particular at Dunoon, Rothesay, Helensburgh, Inveraray, Troon, Brodick, Fairlie, Holy Loch, Irvine, Greenock, Ayr, Ardrossan and Hunterston, and where the proposal demonstrates strong links to supporting sustainable tourism, including wildlife tourism, in the local area. Although these policies highlight locations where developments/activities would be particularly supported, the policies do not specify how they may be implemented or where their effects may occur or which sites, if any may be affected. The policies also do not specify developments/activities must take place only in the highlighted locations which means the policies do not direct developments to a particular location. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore have no likely significant effects on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening step 3e. SHIP 2: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. SHIP 3: Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: It is not possible to identify where, when or how the policy may be implemented, or where its effects may occur, or which sites, if any, may be affected. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any Commented [RA2]: Define Commented [CC3R2]: Footnote added to define
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Page 34 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes, b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 3e. SHIP 4: Proposals for capital and/or maintenance dredging activities should demonstrate that they have considered practicable and cost-effective environmental enhancement measures, such as beneficial use of dredged material or dredging methods that retain sediment in the natural system, and how these measures will be delivered, where this is practicable. These are general criteria-based policies which express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. These policies do not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. SHIP 5: Proposals for new or upgraded infrastructure related to the powering of vessels, such as shoreside power facilities, or treatment of waste from closed loop exhaust gas cleaning systems or similar, will be supported where the infrastructure proposal demonstrates a long-term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater in the Clyde Marine Region. rSHIP 1: The use of compliant fuel is encouraged in the Clyde Marine Region. If an exhaust gas cleaning system is fitted, it should be used in closed loop mode. Large parts of the navigable Clyde are dredged; therefore, until there is sufficient evidence to be confident that the use of open loop scrubbers will not impact negatively on sediment quality (and hence on the ability to dispose of dredged sediment to sea), open loop scrubbers or hybrid scrubbers in open loop mode should not be used in the Clyde Marine Region. This applies in transit, at berth and at anchorage. The waste from the exhaust gas cleaning system should only be disposed at ports where appropriate reception facilities are available. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to encourage the use of compliant fuel in the Region. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. ENCA 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to offshore wind and marine renewable energy, including test facilities, should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) proposals for commercial-scale developments are sited in draft Plan Option areas identified through the Sectoral Marine Plan process (see Map ENCA 1 and further information section below); b) due regard has been paid to relevant factors in the Sectoral Marine Plans and supporting documentation/assessments (as appropriate); c) proposals for small-scale offshore wind developments undertake early and proactive engagement with relevant public authorities and relevant stakeholders; and d) where applicable, detailed infrastructure restoration and maintenance plans are included for the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. ENCA 2: Proposals for developments will only be supported where it can be demonstrated that they contribute to a sustainable, secure and inclusive energy transition, taking account of our Climate Change Policies and in line with statutory marine and land use planning policy, environmental regulations and industry best practice. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rENCA 1: The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any oil and gas pipelines is encouraged where: a) existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, and/or b) the required mitigation and monitoring plans are produced. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to express expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This recommendation does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. rDEF 1: His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde is encouraged to integrate any increased levels of Ministry of Defence marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region in accordance with this Plan, ensuring wide engagement with other marine users. This recommendation is a general statement which sets out a strategic aspiration for the CRMP to support His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde to integrate Ministry of Defence activities in accordance with this Plan. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1. AGG 1: Proposals for the extraction of marine aggregates should demonstrate that they have considered: a) providing a description of the alternatives that have been considered, such as alternative sources or materials, including dredged material; and b) demonstrating that marine aggregate extraction is an essential part of the proposed project. This is a general criteria-based policy which expresses expectations that will need to be taken into account when considering proposals. This policy does not undermine the conservation objectives of any European sites and will therefore not have a likely significant effect on these sites. Screened out of the appraisal under screening stage 1.
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Page 35 of 35 Policies and Recommendations Comments Where an Environmental Impact Assessment is required, the proposal should demonstrate that it has considered an assessment of the physical effects of the operation, including any implications for coastal sediment dynamics.
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Page 1 of 14 Island Communities Impact Assessment (ICIA) Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde
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Page 2 of 14 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 26 June 2026 Version Control Version no Date Authors Notes 1 17 June 2022 C Cutts Circulated to members for comment. 2 11 July 2022 C Cutts Amended based on members’ feedback and submitted to Marine Directorate. 3 9 June 2023 C Cutts Amended based on feedback from Marine Directorate and submitted to Marine Directorate June 2023 4 26 June 2026 J Bunyan & C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on the draft regional marine plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2026.
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Page 3 of 14 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 The Clyde Regional Marine Plan ........................................................................................................ 5 Who will it affect? .............................................................................................................................. 5 What might prevent the desired outcomes being achieved? ........................................................... 6 The Islands (Scotland) Act 2018 ......................................................................................................... 6 Step 1: Develop a Clear Understanding of Plan Objectives .................................................................. 8 Map 1: The Clyde Marine Region as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015, with populated islands labelled. .............................................................................................................. 9 Step 2: Data Gathering and Stakeholder Identification ...................................................................... 10 Step 3: Consultation ............................................................................................................................. 10 Step 4: Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 12 Step 6: Making Adjustments to our Work ........................................................................................... 13 Step 7: Publishing the Plan ICIA ........................................................................................................... 14
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Page 4 of 14 Clyde Regional Marine Plan Island Communities Impact Assessment Title of Policy Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) Minister(s) Gillian Martin, Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Rural Affairs Lead official Clyde Marine Planning Partnership Officer Chris Cutts Directorate Marine Directorate New policy/revision to an existing policy New policy
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Page 5 of 14 Introduction The Clyde Regional Marine Plan The Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) will reflect the requirements for regional marine planning under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 and associated Delegation of Functions (Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde) Direction 2017. The CRMP will be in line with Scotland’s National Marine Plan (NMP) (2015) and will contribute towards managing the competing demands for the use of the Clyde Marine Region (CMR), while protecting and enhancing the marine environment. The CRMP will provide a statutory policy framework to support effective decision-making and appropriate inward investment, enabling delivery of the Plan’s long-term vision and aims. The policy framework in the CRMP will be used to inform decision-making by public authorities, including in marine licensing and land-use planning (to Mean Low Water Springs). Policies in the CRMP aim to achieve the Plan’s vision and objectives. The Plan’s vision is ‘The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with improved fair access. It is managed sustainably to support thriving resilient local communities, promote multiple use and allow nature to flourish’. The Plan also includes recommendations for marine users/local management. These inform the general management of all activities within the Region, including those which are not managed through planning or licensing, such as marine and coastal sport, recreation and tourism. The key outcomes of the CRMP will be to: • provide a policy framework that promotes sustainable development in the CMR; • maintain, and where appropriate, enhance the health of the CMR; • promote socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources; • minimise conflicts between the competing demands of different marine users, activities and developers; and • contribute to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. Who will it affect? The CRMP will affect a range of sectors and groups with an interest in the marine environment. These may include: • Marine activities/businesses; • Developers of licensed activities; • Marine nature conservation, coastal defence and marine heritage activities/conservation; • Coastal communities and visitors to the Region; • The Scottish Government (through Marine Directorate’s Planning and Licensing functions); • Local Planning Authorities; • Regional Marine Planning Partnerships; • Crown Estate Scotland; and • The Ministry of Defence Marine developments and activities have the potential to affect these groups in many ways. For example, coastal communities around the Clyde may benefit economically and socially from
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Page 6 of 14 successful local economies based on marine and coastal developments and/or activities, such as fishing, port infrastructure and tourism. However, these communities may also suffer from adverse effects, associated with being close to the marine and coastal environment, like noise pollution, visual intrusion, coastal erosion and flood risk. What might prevent the desired outcomes being achieved? The aims of the CRMP relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation, sustainable development, supporting a healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment and supporting the wellbeing of communities around the CMR. A key challenge for the CRMP will be supporting economic growth of marine industries and activities whilst ensuring growth occurs in balance with the protection and enhancement of the marine environment and historic and cultural heritage. The Plan’s vision, aims, objectives, policies and recommendations have been developed in accordance with a set of overarching Guiding Principles which act as a top level filter for plan development. The Guiding Principles are: sustainable development; support delivery of Good Environmental Status; the ecosystem approach; adding value, not complexity; and multiple responsible use of marine space. The CRMP embodies a sustainable approach to planning, development and use of the marine area which should support its successful implementation and enable the aims of the Plan to be met. The Islands (Scotland) Act 2018 Scottish islands can face particular challenges around distance, geography, connectivity and demography, so it is important that policy makers consider these properly. It is also important that within a plan, islands receive fair and equitable treatment and that policy, strategy or service outcomes are tailored to their circumstances. The Islands (Scotland) Act was passed by the Scottish Parliament in 2018 and is only one of a handful of place-based pieces of legislation to focus specifically on islands in the world. The measures it contains, like the Island Communities Impact Assessment, are designed to meaningfully improve outcomes for island communities. The provisions in Sections 7 to 14 of the Act came into force on 23rd December 2020. Section 7 states that a Relevant Authority must have regard to island communities in carrying out its functions. Section 10 sets out how a Relevant Authority demonstrates compliance with the duty imposed by section 7. As an authority delegated by ministerial direction to draft a statutory regional marine plan, the subsequent sections of this document detail the seven step process carried out by the CMPP in carrying out an Island Communities Impact Assessment following published guidance1. We would like your views on this draft impact assessment, which is part of the consultation on the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. It is available electronically on the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership website. Your responses to the consultation questions will help us to finalise this draft Island Communities Impact Assessment of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Responses by email should be sent to CMPP_INFO@nature.scot and responses in writing should be sent to: Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 1 Island Communities Impact Assessments: Guidance And Toolkit
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Page 7 of 14 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU
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Page 8 of 14 Step 1: Develop a Clear Understanding of Plan Objectives Objectives The objectives of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP), under four distinct headings2, are to: Climate change mitigation and adaptation • Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy. • Support resilient local communities by taking decisions in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change. • Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region to respond to climate change issues. Sustainable development • Provide a policy and planning framework for safe and sustainable development and use which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the Clyde Marine Region. • Provide a plan for decision makers to have regard of when responding tomarine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions. • Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas. Healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment • Maintain and enhance the health of the Clyde Marine Region, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources. • Ensure that development and use of marine and coastal resources contributes to the protection and enhancement of the Marine Protected Area network and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement. • Ensure that developments and use of marine and coastal resources contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features. Wellbeing of Communities • Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access. • Support the connection of people to the Clyde Marine Region through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. • Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. How are islands identified for the purpose of the policy, strategy or service? The Islands of the Firth of Clyde are the fifth largest of the major Scottish island groups after the Inner and Outer Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland. They are situated in the Firth of Clyde between Ayrshire and Argyll and Bute. There are about forty islands and skerries. Only four are currently inhabited (Arran, Bute, Great Cumbrae and Holy Isle; Map 1), and only nine are larger than 40 hectares (99 acres). The largest and most populous are Arran and Bute. They are served by dedicated ferry routes, as are Great Cumbrae and Holy Isle, although Holy Isle has no direct connection with the mainland, with visitors and residents catching a ferry from Arran. The ferry routes run summer / winter timetables which impacts accessibility in the winter months. Unlike the isles in the four larger Scottish archipelagos, none of the isles in this group are connected to one another or to the mainland by bridges. 2 All objectives have equal priority and should be considered in combination.
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Page 9 of 14 Map 1: The Clyde Marine Region as defined by the Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015, with populated islands labelled. What are the intended impacts/outcomes and how do these potentially differ in the islands? The vision of the Regional Marine Plan is for the Clyde Region to be clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities. It is not envisaged this will differ in the Clyde Islands. Is the policy, strategy or service new? Yes.
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Page 10 of 14 Step 2: Data Gathering and Stakeholder Identification What data is available about the current situation in the islands? The ‘Firth of Clyde Socio-Economic Review’ (2008)3 collated baseline data relating to the economic activity and community use of the marine area including the islands. In 2017 the economic data was updated in the ‘Clyde Marine Region State of the Environment Assessment’4. It also mapped known environmental features and provided information on trends, where available. Data was gathered from national and local data sets, as well as interviews with key stakeholders e.g. fishers, businesses and community groups. How does any existing data differ between islands? Most data sets are only available at a local authority level. Different levels of marine dependence are seen across the islands, since they all demonstrate significant marine tourism offerings and fishing activity (on Arran and Bute). In addition, Sportscotland’s National Watersports Centre in Cumbrae and the Arran Outdoor Education Centre offer a range of outdoor activities to schools and other groups. Are there any existing design features or mitigations in place? Policies exist within the CRMP to protect communities and existing users. In addition, critical infrastructure i.e. ferry routes and terminals, water and electricity cables are protected. Step 3: Consultation Who do you need to consult with? Community groups and marine stakeholders. Consultation with these groups has taken place during each of the CRMP development phases. The draft CRMP has been developed by the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership, which consists of over 20 Members. Wider stakeholders have been involved in plan development through sectoral working groups and issue-based workshops. The general public has also been engaged throughout plan development, such as through public dialogue sessions and public engagement events during the pre-consultation. How will you carry out your consultation and in what timescales? A pre-consultation of the draft CRMP took place between 18 March 2019 and 27 May 2019, including five public events on islands at Brodick and Lamlash (Arran), Rothesay Museum and Library (Bute), and Millport (Great Cumbrae). This consultation received 49 responses from a wide range of marine sectors and stakeholders. Table 1 summarises the various groups who responded to this consultation overall. Table 1: Number (n) and type of respondents received on draft Plan pre-consultation. Respondent group n % Individuals 24 49 Aquaculture 3 6 Environment / conservation 2 4 Fisheries 3 6 Industry / transport 2 4 3 https://bit.ly/3N1aNW0 4 https://bit.ly/3xi830E
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Page 11 of 14 Planning authority 6 12 Local group 1 2 Other public sector / bodies 5 10 Recreation / tourism 2 4 Other 1 2 Total 49 100 What questions will you ask when considering how to address island realities? Stakeholders were asked to identify opportunities and challenges facing their marine environments, covering economic activities, social use and the environmental features. What information has already been gathered through consultations and what concerns have been raised previously by island communities? The contribution of marine tourism to island, rural and fragile communities is well recognised5. In terms of contribution to the economy, total marine tourism turnover in the Region was £245.4M in 2017 and employment was 7,2006. Marine sport, recreation and tourism can act as a driver to support economic regeneration in coastal and island economies. Ferries are vital to the communities around the CMR. Approximately 2.5 million7 passengers (2021) use ferry services connecting communities in the Clyde and providing links to the islands of Arran, Bute and Cumbrae. The marine economy and society of the Region face existing pressures, and these include: employment (particularly in remote coastal areas and for some island communities) and job opportunities, potential for conflict between sectors, competition for space and accessibility and connectivity for remote and island communities. The vision, aims and guiding principles of the draft Plan seek to deliver sustainable development within the region, which in turn supports productive and thriving island communities, while allowing nature to flourish and protecting the natural resources on which many marine industries rely. This goal can present tensions between economic productivity and environmental protection and enhancement. However the policies of the CRMP support sustainable development and the draft Plan contributes to the marine management framework. Island communities responded to the pre-consultation and raised a number of regional issues (e.g. natural heritage, aquaculture and sea fisheries), none of which can be considered to be specific to the islands. However, concern was noted about ferry services and consultation on terminals. Policy SHIP 3 of the CRMP therefore supports initiatives that will improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and the islands with the rest of the CMR, and is also considered in the National Islands Plan: Implementation Route Map 20228. Policy CONNECT 1 states that applications for development and/or activities demonstrate that relevant sectoral stakeholders and the general public have been consulted; this will include applications relating to ferry terminals. Is your consultation robust and meaningful and sufficient to comply with the Section 7 duty? Yes 5 Giant Strides, Scotland’s Marine Tourism Strategy for 2020-2025 (https://bit.ly/39ZvBuk) 6 Scotland’s marine economic statistics 2017, Section 11 Marine Tourism, Table 17 (https://bit.ly/3coN14n). 7 Scottish Transport Statistics 2022; Chapter 9 – Water Transport. Ferry routes included in this figure: Wemyss Bay – Rothesay, Ardrossan – Brodick, Claonaig – Lochranza, Largs – Cumbrae, Colintravie – Rhubodach, Tarbert – Portavadie, Ardrossan – Campbeltown, Gourock – Dunoon (https://bit.ly/3NeDWk3). 8 National Islands Plan: Implementation Route Map 2022 (https://bit.ly/42vKEqc)
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Page 12 of 14 Step 4: Assessment Does your assessment identify any unique impacts on island communities? In common with an Island Communities Impact Assessment, a core Sustainability Appraisal objective is to ‘Maintain or improve accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities’, and so the draft Plan’s objectives and policies have been considered against this objective throughout plan development, the pre-consultation, and improvements to the draft plan thereafter. Other objectives in relation to society as a whole and including island communities e.g. an early consideration of whether the plan is likely to have an effect on an island community which is significantly different from its effect on other communities have been included in plan development. As background information it may be useful to note that early policy ideas generated and discussed with/by stakeholders at working group meetings were considered against the areas of: Economy, Society, Environment, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Socio-economic benefits to island communities were raised in terms of aquaculture activity (e.g. Objective AQUA 1: Sustainable development and diversification of the aquaculture sector in appropriate locations within the environmental carrying capacity of the CMR, providing socio-economic benefits to rural areas and islands and supporting the wider supply chain in Scotland). In addition to socio-economic impacts, the pre-consultation responses highlighted concerns from island communities regarding the landscape / seascape impacts of aquaculture developments on islands; and ferry connectivity. Policy SHIP 3 therefore supports initiatives that will improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and the islands with the rest of the CMR, and the landscape / seascape chapter (chapter 3) addresses landscape / seascape concerns. In addition, Chapter 8: Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region was introduced partly based on feedback from the public during the pre-consultation process, and supports meaningful engagement in consultation processes and maintaining access / connecting people to the Region, including island communities. Climate Change policies within the plan ensure that any development or activity which relates to the accessibility and connectivity of coastal and island communities that may be impacted by climate change in the future will be maintained and that recreational access and quality of experience is also maintained. The objectives, policies and recommendations in the All Sectors chapter (Chapter 9) and the Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries chapter (Chapter 13) where they are implemented can maintain or improve the accessibility and connectivity of island communities; can promote access to coastal and marine resources for tourism and recreation and there could be maintenance and improvement to the experiences of recreational users of the marine and coastal environment, both in terms of access and quality of experience. Therefore, no negative impacts to island communities from the plan were identified. Positive impacts include enhanced long-term management of the marine environment, and protecting economic and cultural uses of the marine environment. Does your assessment identify any potential barriers or wider impacts? No How will you address these?
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Page 13 of 14 You must now determine whether in your opinion your policy, strategy or service is likely to have an effect on an island community which is significantly different from its effect on other communities (including other island communities). If your answer is NO to the above question, a full ICIA will NOT be required and you can proceed to Step Six. If the answer is YES, an ICIA must be prepared and you should proceed to Step Five. To form your opinion, the following questions should be considered: Does the evidence show different circumstances or different expectations or needs, or different experiences or outcomes (such as different levels of satisfaction, or different rates of participation)? No Are these different effects likely? n/a Are these effects significantly different? n/a Could the effect amount to a disadvantage for an island community compared to the mainland or between island groups? n/a Step 5: Preparing the ICIA n/a: no negative impacts to island communities from the plan were identified. Positive impacts include enhanced long-term management of the marine environment, and protecting economic and cultural uses of the marine environment. Step 6: Making Adjustments to our Work Should delivery mechanisms / mitigations vary in different communities? Engagement opportunities (interviews, surveys, community council meetings, online consultation and public meetings) have been used to ensure a range of opportunities to engage and gather data. Policies exist within the CRMP to protect communities and existing users. In addition, critical infrastructure i.e. ferry routes and terminals, water and electricity cables are protected, therefore certain policies allow for area specific consideration. Have island circumstances been factored into the evaluation process? How the Plan is used will be monitored, and where possible will be split by islands (e.g. Arran, Bute, Cumbrae). Have any island-specific indicators / targets been identified that require monitoring? The number and type of marine licensing applications received for each island area will be monitored, and the impacts or comments received on marine licensing applications from specific groups of users (fishers, island communities etc) will be monitored. How will outcomes be measured on the islands? The number and type of marine licensing applications received for each island area will be monitored, and the impacts or comments received on applications from specific groups of users
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Page 14 of 14 (fishers, island communities etc) recorded. How has the policy, strategy or service affected island communities? The plan has not been approved or adopted by Ministers yet, however there is no envisaged disproportionate negative impact to island communities. The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 allows for the monitoring and reporting of implementation of the plan every five years. Any effects of the plan being implemented will be captured within this reporting. How will lessons learned in this ICIA inform future policy making and service delivery? The lessons learnt from the ICIA will feed into the next edition of the Plan and relevant local development plans. Step 7: Publishing the Plan ICIA Have you presented your ICIA in an Easy Read format? Yes Does it need to be presented in any other languages? No, however can be requested if required. Where will you publish your ICIA and will relevant stakeholders be able to easily access it? It will be published on the CMPP website, and will also be available in print on request to the CMPP address at the top of this document. Who will sign-off your final ICIA and why? Scottish Ministers as they are responsible for the Clyde Regional Marine Plan’s approval. ICIA completed by: Dr. Christopher Cutts Position: Clyde Marine Planning Partnership Officer Signature: Date completed: 26th June 2026 ICIA signed off by: Prof. Anthony Gallagher Position: CMPP Chair Signature: Date completed: 26th June 2026
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Page 1 of 33 Partial Business Regulatory Impact Assessment (BRIA) Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde
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Page 2 of 33 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 26 June 2026 Version Control Version no Date Authors Notes 1 4 June 2020 F Mills & M Michelotti Issued to Members on 4 June 2020 2 8 July 2020 M Michelotti Amended based on Members’ feedback. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan 8 July 2020. 3 11 July 2022 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan July 2022. 4 9 June 2023 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan and ver. 3 of this document. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2023. 5 26 June 2026 Amended by J Bunyan & C Cutts Amended based on Marine Directorate feedback on draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2026.
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Page 3 of 33 Contents 1. Purpose and intended effect ..................................................................................................... 5 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Rationale for Government intervention ........................................................................................ 6 2. Consultation ............................................................................................................................... 7 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership ............................................................................................... 7 Within Government ....................................................................................................................... 7 Public Consultation ........................................................................................................................ 7 Business .......................................................................................................................................... 9 3. Options ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Option 1 – Do Nothing ................................................................................................................. 10 Option 2 – Development and adoption of a Clyde Regional Marine Plan ................................. 10 Sectors and groups affected ........................................................................................................ 11 4. Regulatory and EU Alignment Impacts .................................................................................... 13 5. Scottish Firms Impact Test ....................................................................................................... 14 6. Competition Assessment ......................................................................................................... 14 Competition Filter Questions ....................................................................................................... 14 7. Consumer Assessment ............................................................................................................. 15 8. Test of Business Forms ............................................................................................................. 15 9. Digital Impact Test .................................................................................................................... 15 10. Legal Aid Impact Test ........................................................................................................... 15 11. Enforcement, sanctions and monitoring ............................................................................. 15 12. Implementation and delivery of plan .................................................................................. 15 13. Post-implementation review ............................................................................................... 16 14. Summary and Recommendation ......................................................................................... 16 Declaration and publication ............................................................................................................. 17 Annex 1: Detail of potential impacts identified at this stage of the BRIA process, on the public, private or third sector, of policies contained in the CRMP ............................................................. 18
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Page 4 of 33 Abbreviations used in this document Term Abbreviation Business Regulatory Impact Assessment BRIA Clyde Marine Planning Partnership CMPP Clyde Regional Marine Plan CRMP Clyde Marine Region CMR Child Rights and Wellbeing Impact Assessment CRWIA Equality Impact Assessment EQIA Habitats Regulations Appraisal HRA Island Communities Impact Assessment ICIA Marine Policy Statement MPS National Marine Plan NMP National Marine Plan interactive NMPi Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative SSMEI Sustainability Appraisal – Sustainability Environmental Assessment SA-SEA
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Page 5 of 33 Partial Business and Regulatory Impact Assessment Title of Proposal – Clyde Regional Marine Plan 1. Purpose and intended effect Background 1.1. The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 and the UK Marine Policy Statement (MPS) provide a statutory framework for implementing marine planning in UK waters. The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 was established to improve the management of marine resources and the conflicts arising between competing demands in Scottish waters. In 2015, Scottish Ministers adopted Scotland’s National Marine Plan (NMP) which sets out strategic policies for the sustainable development and use of Scotland’s marine resources out to 200 nautical miles. 1.2. The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 also allowed for regional planning to be developed by Marine Planning Partnerships to consider the local context of smaller ecosystem units, extending out to 12 nautical miles. The Scottish Marine Regions (SMR) were defined in the Scottish Marine Region Order 2015. The Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde was defined in Article 3 of this Order, hereafter referred to as the Clyde or Clyde Marine Region (CMR). The Clyde Marine Planning Partnership (CMPP) was established in 2016 and received a Direction from Scottish Ministers in 2017 to develop a Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP). 1.3. The CRMP will provide a framework for integrated, sustainable and co-ordinated planning and management of the CMR’s environmental, economic and community resources. The CMPP has worked together with regional stakeholders to create the CRMP that addresses local issues and pressures on the coastal and marine environment. 1.4. The policies within the CRMP have been developed in accordance with existing international (e.g. the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) and national legislation and frameworks (e.g. the NMP). Objectives 1.5. The CRMP will contribute towards meeting the UK’s shared vision of having clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse seas by ensuring that the CMR is managed sustainably to meet the long-term needs of nature and people. The CRMP will also help the Scottish Government achieve its central purpose: to create a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, by increasing sustainable economic growth. This central purpose is also at the core of the Scottish Government Economic Strategy. Additionally, the CRMP supports the following National Outcomes: • We live in a Scotland that is the most attractive place for doing business in Europe. • We realise our full economic potential with more and better employment opportunities for our people. • We live in well-designed, sustainable places where we are able to access the amenities and services we need. • We have strong, resilient and supportive communities where people take responsibility for their own actions and how they affect others. • We value and enjoy our built and natural environment and protect it and enhance it for future generations. • We reduce the local and global environmental impact of our consumption and production. 1.6. The vision of the CRMP is ‘The marine and coastal environment of the CMR is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with fair access for all. It is managed to ensure
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Page 6 of 33 sustainable multiple use which enables nature to flourish and supports thriving resilient local communities.’ 1.7. The aims of the CRMP are: Climate change mitigation and adaptation • Contribute to Scotland’s transition to a low-carbon economy. • Support resilient local communities in the Clyde Marine Region to mitigate and adapt to the consequences of climate change. • Promote the use of marine and coastal assets in the CMR to respond to climate change issues. Sustainable development • Provide a framework for safe and sustainable development and activities which encourages innovation and attracts future investment in marine and coastal assets in the CMR. • Provide guidance to marine developers on the early identification of localities of most and least constraint, including consideration of potential environmental factors and sectoral interactions. • Underpin the regeneration of urban coastal areas and support a sustainable economy in rural coastal areas. Healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment • Maintain and enhance the health of the CMR, including biodiversity and the landscape/seascape, by protecting and improving its natural resources. • Ensure that the Marine Protected Area network contributes to the protection and enhancement of the CMR’s biodiversity and identify other opportunities for environmental enhancement. • Ensure that use and developments contribute to protection and enhancement of the Clyde Marine Region’s Priority Marine Features. Wellbeing of communities • Promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources, including through improvements in access. • Support the connection of people to the CMR through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. • Contribute to the wellbeing and cultural diversity of local communities. 1.8. The CRMP is committed to contributing towards achieving global goals (e.g. Biodiversity Targets) and addressing global issues (e.g. climate change). Rationale for Government intervention 1.9. The CMR has a variety of marine users that engage in different activities in the coastal and marine environment; many rely on the health of the coastal and marine ecosystems for their interests and businesses. As these activities may use the same resources and/or space, there is potential for conflict. Balancing economic, environmental and social needs can therefore be challenging. The CMR supports active sea fisheries, aquaculture, tourism and recreational businesses, is home to important wildlife and contains important historic environments. The CMR also has key shipping and transport links, such as major ports and lifeline ferry services, a nationally important Naval Base and energy infrastructure. This range of potentially competing uses of the coastal and marine environment can place pressure on some of the Region’s marine and coastal habitats and species, as identified in the CMR Assessment. This Plan aims to prevent future mismanagement of the Region’s resources and to protect and enhance the health of the Region’s marine and coastal ecosystems so that they can in turn support businesses, sectors and other marine users who rely on these ecosystems. Mismanagement could lead to consequences for the Region’s marine and coastal habitats and species and the goods and services they provide. Developers and other marine users may also
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Page 7 of 33 experience an increase in costs and uncertainty as a result of mismanagement. As a result, poor management in the CMR could impact the progress towards fulfilling Scottish Government national outcomes. 1.10. The CRMP, once adopted by Ministers, will be used by applicants to shape proposals, public authorities to guide decision-making and other marine users to understand how the Plan supports the sustainable development and use of the CMR. The CRMP supports Scotland’s NMP in a regional context. The CMPP is a statutory consultee for pre-application consultations and marine licensing applications. The Partnership will provide advice and comments to applicants and the Marine Directorate Licensing Operations Team in line with objectives and policies in the CRMP. 2. Consultation Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 2.1. Regular CMPP Members’ meetings have been held throughout the plan development process to discuss key issues and approaches. Membership is made up of over 20 organisations (and individuals) representing planning authorities, environmental interests and key sectors such as fisheries, aquaculture, shipping, recreation and tourism. In addition, Clyde 2020, a sub-group of the CMPP which aims to bring together both scientific research and practical measures to improve the marine ecosystem of the Clyde, provided input towards plan development, particularly with regards to the sea fisheries chapter. 2.2. CMPP Members, representing key stakeholders and sectors in the area, are updated regularly through Members’ Meetings, emails, newsletters and the CMPP website. Within Government 2.3. Officials within Marine Directorate and the wider Scottish Government have been consulted from the outset of the plan-making process. 2.4. Historic Environment Scotland, NatureScot, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and Scottish Forestry were also consulted throughout the plan development process. 2.5. Following the public 10-week pre-consultation (see para. 2.9), a draft plan was submitted to Marine Directorate in July 2020. Nine further tranches of corrections were carried out with a plan draft intended for statutory consultation submitted with this partial BRIA assessment in June 2026. Public Consultation 2.6. The first Statement of Public Participation (SPP) was given Ministerial approval in December 2017 and was subsequently published. The SPP has since been updated to reflect relevant changes through the plan development process. More information on the SPP and updates so far can be found on the CMPP website. 2.7. The CMPP provides regular updates to the public through the CMPP’s newsletter, website and twitter. E-newsletters that include Plan updates are issued regularly to between 800 and 900 subscribers. 2.8. Early public engagement between 2017 and 2018 included Marine Spatial Planning challenge game sessions, Public Dialogue sessions in Tarbert and Greenock, schools engagement with 14 to 16 year olds and open policy development workshops on: marine litter; mobile species and noise; and the condition of seabed habitats, fish and shellfish in the Clyde. 2.9. A public 10-week pre-consultation was undertaken from 18th March 2019 until 27th May on the draft CRMP and Sustainability Appraisal/Strategic Environmental Assessment (SA/SEA). During the pre-consultation, the CMPP held 28 public events throughout the CMR. A total of 318 people attended these events. This information is summarised in Table 1.
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Page 8 of 33 Table 1: Attendance (n) at the pre-consultation events. Event n Ballantrae Community Centre: Drop-in 5 Girvan, The Quay Zone: Information stall 18 Lamlash, The Octopus Centre: Information stall 10 Brodick Public Hall: Presentation and Q&A 8 Ayr, Citadel Sports Centre: Information stall 12 Ayr Town Hall: Presentation and Q&A 3 Clydebank Leisure Centre: Information stall 18 Irvine Scottish Maritime Museum: Information stall 8 Ardrossan Civic Centre: Presentation and Q&A 4 Glasgow, Hillhead Library: Information stall 17 Dumbarton, Denny Civic Theatre: Drop-in 7 Inverkip Community Hub: Presentation and Q&A 3 Helensburgh, Victoria Hall: Drop-in 9 Greenock, Royal West of Scotland Amateur Boat Club: Presentation and Q&A 19 Port Glasgow Town Hall: Presentation and Q&A 2 Glasgow Science Centre: Information stall 33 Glasgow, Fairfield Govan Heritage Centre & Workspace: Presentation and Q&A 0 Arrochar, Three Villages Hall: Drop-in 3 Lochgoilhead, Village Hall: Drop-in 15 Dunoon Burgh Hall: Drop-in 15 Rothesay, Bute Museum: Information stall 20 Rothesay Library: Presentation and Q&A 31 Largs, Brisbane Centre: Presentation and Q&A 26 Lochgilphead, Community Education Centre: Drop-in 5 Tarbert, Templar Arts & Leisure Centre: Drop-in 1 Campbeltown, Aqualibrium Leisure Centre: Information stall 15 Campbeltown Town Hall: Presentation and Q&A 1 Millport, Field Studies Council: Drop-in 10 TOTAL 318 2.10. The pre-consultation received 49 consultation responses from a wide range of marine sectors and stakeholders. From those 49 responses, 29 people answered the question referring to the regulatory impacts of the Plan. Table 2 summarises the number of responses received on question 7 in the pre-consultation, which sought views on the regulatory impacts of the Plan: 7. Please tell us about any potential regulatory impacts (whether the way an activity/process is carried out is affected by the Plan), either positive or negative, that you think any or all of the objectives/policies in the Clyde Regional Marine Plan may have. These responses have been taken into account, together with further comments from CMPP members and the Marine Directorate in development of the draft CRMP and in this partial Business Regulatory Impact Assessment (BRIA) as appropriate.
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Page 9 of 33 Table 2: Clyde Regional Marine Plan pre-consultation responses to question 7. Respondent group (total responses) Number of responses to question 7 Individuals (24) 15 Aquaculture (3) 3 Environment / conservation (2) 1 Fisheries (3) 2 Industry / transport (2) 2 Local authority (6) 2 Local group (1) 1 Other public sector / bodies (5) 0 Recreation / tourism (2) 2 Other (1) 1 Total 29 2.11. Public dialogue sessions were held in Glasgow, Ayr and Dunoon between November and December 2019 to understand how the general public, who has not previously engaged with marine planning and is not connected to a marine industry, perceived the draft sea fisheries and aquaculture chapters. 2.12. The CMPP Public Engagement Officer attended/organised a range of events from May 2019 onwards to deliver wider public engagement alongside the development of the CRMP and to inform people who would not normally engage in marine planning. 2.13. Public events will take place during the statutory consultation. Business 2.14. Representatives from the relevant sectors have been included in developing respective policies. Working groups were organised to develop policy related to: sea fisheries; aquaculture; sport, recreation and tourism; shipping, ports, harbours and ferries. Updates were provided through a stakeholder distribution list. Most stakeholder working group meetings took place between September 2017 and August 2018. Three additional working group meetings were held in November and December 2019 to further develop the sea fisheries, aquaculture and natural heritage chapters in light of pre-consultation responses. 2.15. Business interests are directly represented on the CMPP by British Marine, Caledonian MacBrayne, Clyde Fishermen’s Association, Field Studies Council, Clydeport Operations Ltd., BakkaFrost, Scottish Sea Angling Conservation Network. Organisations which are supportive of business interests but are publically funded are represented on the CMPP by Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd., Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Scottish Canals, Visit Scotland and the South West Coast Regional Inshore Fisheries Group. 2.16. During the consultation, face-to-face meetings will be held with business owners who could potentially be affected by the CRMP. Businesses involved in these discussions will be from the following broad range of sectors: • Sea Fisheries • Aquaculture • Sport, recreation and tourism • Shipping, ports, harbours and ferries • Energy, subsea cables and pipelines • Defence and also from a broad range of sizes - Micro enterprise: <10 employees; Small enterprise: 10- 49 employees; Medium-sized enterprise: 50-249 employees; and Large enterprise: 250+
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Page 10 of 33 employees. A face-to-face meeting will also be held with an investment company to establish implications for potential inward investment in the CMR once the plan is in place. 2.17. Wider engagement with businesses will also take place via an online survey during the consultation and online meetings if requested. Data collected during the consultation from face-to-face meetings and the online survey will contribute towards completing the Scottish Firms Impact Assessment and the final BRIA. 3. Options Option 1 – Do Nothing 3.1. Under this option, the CRMP would not be developed and adopted. However, the existing policy framework governing Scottish inshore waters (out to 12 nautical miles) would remain, including the UK MPS and the NMP, as well as the existing regulatory framework. 3.2. Not developing the CRMP is not perceived to be a viable option. Regional marine planning has its origins in the Scottish Sustainable Marine Environment Initiative (SSMEI); a voluntary Firth of Clyde Marine Spatial Plan was developed as part of the SSMEI programme between 2006 and 2010. The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 enables statutory national and regional marine planning and the NMP confirms that marine planning will be implemented at a local level within Scottish Marine Regions. The CRMP supports the NMP by providing further detailed policy in a regional context and is required to deliver marine planning at the regional level in order to ensure proper management of the Region’s marine resources. The stakeholder-led approach taken by the CMPP to develop the CRMP has ensured buy-in from public bodies, sectors and environmental organisations working in the CMR. The size, geography, ecology and use of the CMR lend themselves well to a regional approach to marine planning. 3.3. Without the CRMP, the effectiveness of regional marine planning and the future of RMPs could be affected. Developing the CRMP would provide opportunities to share knowledge with other Marine Planning Partnerships. Option 2 – Development and adoption of a Clyde Regional Marine Plan 3.4. Under this option, a CRMP would be developed and adopted by Scottish Ministers. A statutory consultation would take place and it would provide all stakeholders with the opportunity to consider whether the Plan is fit for purpose as a regional marine plan. The CRMP would then be reviewed and amended based on consultation responses. 3.5. The impacts of the Plan would be fully assessed via Sustainability Appraisal – Sustainability Environmental Assessment (SA-SEA), Habitats Regulations Appraisal (HRA), BRIA, Child Rights and Wellbeing Impact Assessment (CRWIA), Equality Impact Assessment (EQIA) and Island Communities Impact Assessment (ICIA). 3.6. In line with the NMP and other national and global frameworks, the CRMP uses the ecosystem approach and the guiding principles of sustainable development to set out policies and conditions for development in the Region. The CRMP will contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and will also support delivery of the Scottish Government’s National Outcomes, in particular for the Economy, Fair Work and Business, Health and the Environment. The precautionary principle is applied consistently in accordance with the Scottish Government’s sustainable development policy. 3.7. The CRMP would be adopted by Scottish Ministers to provide a statutory policy framework and would consolidate the requirements of the NMP, the UK MPS and existing international commitments. Once adopted, the CRMP would provide a statutory framework to support effective decision-making and appropriate inward investment in the CMR to enable the
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Page 11 of 33 delivery of the Plan’s long-term vision and aims. The experience gained through developing the CRMP can guide future RMPs and the work of other Marine Planning Partnerships. Sectors and groups affected All Options 3.8. A number of sectors and groups may be affected by the adoption of the CRMP. These sectors and groups will also be affected if the Plan is not adopted. Affected groups include: • organisations applying for consent for development(s) and/or activities within the CMR, • coastal communities around the CMR, • visitors to the CMR, • non-business users of the CMR • the Scottish Government and Executive Agencies, • Public Bodies, including Local Planning Authorities, • voluntary and charitable organisations working around the CMR, and • Regional Marine Planning Partnerships. Benefits Option 1 3.9. No additional benefits are expected to arise from this option. Option 2 3.10. Adopting and implementing the CRMP will help deliver the benefits of a marine planning system set out in the Final Regulatory Impact Assessment for the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, as well as other identified benefits. Benefits include: • reducing planning risk and uncertainty, • a more informed site selection process, • increased resilience to threats such as climate change, • meeting international and national obligations, • economic benefits – i.e. more efficient use of resources, reduced conflict, greater confidence and certainty for industry/developers, • environmental benefits – i.e. protecting and enhancing biodiversity and including it in planning and management decisions, nature conservation, protecting the historic marine environment, and • social benefits – i.e. improved stakeholder engagement opportunities, educational opportunities. 3.11. Additional benefits from the regional approach taken in the CMR include: • increasing clarity and consistency of guidance to developers, • engagement of stakeholders (including the public) more directly through governance of the CMR, • responding to the distinctive nature of the CMR, and • addressing the different value systems within the Region and fostering a better understanding of ocean and coastal literacy. 3.12. The policies in the CRMP do not aim to repeat what is in the NMP or in other legislation and regulation; they aim to add value based on issues identified in the CMR Assessment and to deliver the vision, aims and objectives of the Plan. Some policies synthesise existing regulations to provide clarity to marine users, particularly where existing regulations support improvement of an issue identified within the CMR Assessment. Other policies provide additional detail to help deliver existing national policies at a regional level. 3.13. This partial BRIA does not quantify additional benefits that would be experienced as a result of adopting this option. Instead, this partial BRIA takes a qualitative approach which analyses the
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Page 12 of 33 policies that have been identified at this stage of the BRIA process that are likely to have an impact on the potential additional benefits experienced by the public, private and third sectors. Following any relevant responses received during the statutory consultation process, the policies will be re-assessed and impacts will be quantified as appropriate. Quantifying potential additional benefits to businesses will be informed through consultation with relevant stakeholders via face-to-face interviews and an online survey that will be carried out during the statutory consultation. Data collected from businesses will be used to inform and complete the Scottish Firms Impact Test (see section 4). 3.14. The policies which are likely to have anticipated additional benefits are detailed in Annex 1. Most policies have benefits in terms of providing clarity, improving efficiencies, reducing long- term costs or improving the ecosystem on which many organisations rely. Policies also contribute to a joined up approach between land use planning and marine planning. Sectoral policies provide benefits to sectoral operators and upstream businesses through support of certain developments and activities. 3.15. Additional wider benefits of the CRMP include improved public understanding about the issues affecting the CMR; a more accessible Region, including for people with protected characteristics, which helps to overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers and encourages independent living; and local climate change mitigation and adaptation. 3.16. The CRMP will provide future Marine Planning Partnerships with a potential model for developing and preparing RMPs. The Plan’s contributions will likely improve the effectiveness of regional marine planning, whilst also helping planning and licensing authorities to manage the marine environment, the CMR’s resources and the conflicts that may arise in the Region. Costs Option 1 3.17. This option is not envisaged to create direct additional costs for the sectors and groups mentioned above because none of the existing policies or associated costs would change. However, accepting this option could lead to increased costs associated with conflict, mismanagement, negative environmental impacts and climate change impacts. Developers could also face additional indirect costs associated with ongoing uncertainty with licence applications and marine planning. 3.18. This option could undermine the effectiveness of the NMP and future RMPs. Option 2 3.19. Policies within the Plan are for use by applicants to shape proposals, public authorities to guide decision-making and other marine users to understand policy for sustainable development and use of the CMR. The CRMP has general policies relating to: • climate change, • the historic environment, • landscapes/seascapes, • coastal processes, coastal flood and storm damage, • natural heritage, • non-native species, • marine litter, and • connecting people to the CMR. Other policies are specific to sectors: • all sectors, • sea fisheries, • aquaculture, • sport, recreation and tourism, • shipping, ports, harbours and ferries,
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Page 13 of 33 • energy, subsea cables and pipelines, • defence, and • marine aggregates. The Plan also includes recommendations for marine users/local management to inform the general management of all activities within the Region, including those which are not managed through consents or licensing. 3.20. The policies set out in the Plan will likely influence the sectors and groups specified in section 3.8. The policies can influence: • the preparation of applications by developers, • the assessment of applications by consenting/licensing authorities, • the choice of location of marine developments and activities, and • the requirements placed on the construction, operation and expansion of marine developments. 3.21. This partial BRIA does not quantify additional costs that would be incurred as a result of adopting this option. Instead, this partial BRIA takes a qualitative approach which analyses the policies that have been identified at this stage of the BRIA process that are likely to have an impact on the potential additional costs incurred by the public, private and third sectors. Following any relevant responses received during the statutory consultation process, the policies will be re-assessed and impacts will be quantified as appropriate. Quantifying potential additional costs to businesses will be informed through consultation with relevant stakeholders via face-to-face interviews and an online survey that will be carried out during the statutory consultation. Data collected from businesses will be used to inform and complete the Scottish Firms Impact Test (see section 4). 3.22. The policies which are likely to have anticipated additional costs are detailed in Annex 1. Many of the policies have limited additional cost as they are already included within the regulatory framework, for example in the NMP; the policy of the CRMP adds detail of how to deliver NMP policy at the regional level. Many policies encourage certain developments, activities or initiatives which may lead to additional cost if carried out, but are not mandatory. Recommendations also indicate best practice but are not mandatory. However, some policies will incur additional costs for the public, private or third sector where additional information/documents are required or where demonstration of consideration of the policy is required during planning/licensing processes. Overall, the CMPP expects the benefits of the CRMP to outweigh the costs, although the benefits and costs may accrue to different sectors. This will be explored further when completing the full BRIA. 3.23. The CRMP will be submitted to Scottish Ministers for approval once the Plan has been finalised after the statutory consultation. The conditions set out in Annex 1 will only apply to developments and applications after the Plan has been approved. 4. Regulatory and EU Alignment Impacts 4.1. This section will be informed and completed by the evidence gathered during the statutory consultation and will be completed in the final BRIA. The consultation process will involve written consultation responses, face-to-face meetings and an online survey. 4.2. Consultation with businesses will enable the CMPP to consider the impact of the proposals on, and within the changed context of the UK having left the EU on 31 December 2020. The consultation will consider three distinct, but related regulatory factors related to leaving the EU: intra-UK trade, international trade and the Scottish Government’s EU alignment policy. The final BRIA will therefore provide a quantitative assessment of the potential impacts the CRMP may have on regulation and EU alignment with regard to businesses.
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Page 14 of 33 5. Scottish Firms Impact Test 5.1. This section will be informed and completed by the evidence gathered during the statutory consultation and will be completed in the final BRIA. The consultation process will involve written consultation responses, face-to-face meetings and an online survey. 5.2. Consultation with businesses will enable the CMPP to understand and quantify anticipated costs and benefits to businesses and highlight these in this section. The final BRIA will therefore provide a quantitative assessment of the potential impacts the CRMP may have on businesses. 6. Competition Assessment 6.1. The potential impact the CRMP will have on free market competition will be explored and assessed in more detail during the consultation stage. To ensure competition is assessed at a regional level, the competition filter questions will be included in stakeholder interviews and the BRIA survey. This will allow the CMPP to capture any competitive advantages or disadvantages that may be experienced as a result of this regional marine plan. For example, differences between regulatory requirements across Scottish Marine Regions may impact on businesses and their ability to carry out developments and/or activities in the CMR. Policies in the CRMP may burden developers with greater costs associated with the CRMP’s requirements that may not be experienced in other regions. Alternatively, adhering to the CRMP and its policies that support sustainable development and use may make business activities more attractive. 6.2. The policies within the Plan may affect a range of coastal and marine activities, in particular where developers require planning permission or a marine licence for new or amended operations. Such activities may include renewable energy and associated infrastructure, aquaculture and ports and harbours. The Plan promotes sustainable development and use of resources, which is in line with Scottish and global aspirations. Businesses and sectors will need to adapt their ways of working as appropriate to adhere to emerging climate and biodiversity agendas. Competition Filter Questions Answers to the Competition Filter Questions will be updated accordingly based on data collected during the consultation stage. 6.3. Will the proposal directly or indirectly limit the number or range of suppliers? No/Limited. It is unlikely that the number or range of suppliers will be directly or indirectly limited by the adoption of the CRMP. The policies within the Plan will apply to new and existing developers equally, irrespective of business size. A proportionate approach will be taken when applying policies to proposals. Not all policies will be relevant to all proposals; applicants should provide sufficient and appropriate supporting information based on sound evidence to demonstrate that their proposal is in line with all relevant policies in this Plan. 6.4. Will the proposal limit the ability of suppliers to compete? No/Limited. It is unlikely that the policies within the CRMP will limit suppliers’ ability to compete or negatively affect businesses’ route to market or the geographical markets they can sell to. The CRMP supports supplying local and other markets with sustainable products which may increase businesses’ market opportunities. For example, recommendation rCONNECT 6 encourages initiatives to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the CMR to local businesses. Although this is a recommendation, not a policy, if followed, it may provide local suppliers with new market opportunities. 6.5. Will the proposal reduce suppliers’ incentives to compete vigorously? No/Limited. It is unlikely that the policies in the CRMP will reduce suppliers’ incentives to compete.
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Page 15 of 33 7. Consumer Assessment 7.1. It is not envisaged that the CRMP will have an adverse impact on consumers. Whilst recommendation rCONNECT 6 encourages initiatives to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the CMR to local shops and restaurants, this is a recommendation, not a policy and if followed, should improve the consumer offering of locally sourced products in the CMR. 7.2. Policies in the Plan support and encourage conditions to enable sustainable development and activities, which may impact on a product or service and thus also consumers. If there are any potential additional costs to businesses, the Plan does not specify whether the business or consumer will carry the cost. Although consumers may benefit from a greater availability of sustainable products, they may also be impacted by an increase in price. This will be explored further during the consultation. 8. Test of Business Forms 8.1. It is not envisaged that the CRMP will result in the creation of new forms for businesses or sectors to deal with. There will be an amendment to the application form for marine licence applications as applicants will be required to complete a box demonstrating consideration of the CRMP. This already occurs in relation to the NMP. 9. Digital Impact Test 9.1. The CRMP will be available offline and online; however, the implementation of the Plan will rely on applicants and decision-makers having access to National Marine Plan interactive (NMPi), an online interactive mapping system. Online usability testing will ensure any impacts are minimised. This should contribute to efficiencies across all businesses and sectors and is in line with the continuing increasing use of online technology. This is not anticipated to have an impact on any businesses or sectors operating offline as applicants are required to provide sufficient and appropriate supporting information based on sound evidence to demonstrate that their proposal is in line with the relevant policies in the CRMP; applications for small- scale, low-risk proposals would be able to do that without access to NMPi. 9.2. Policies in the Plan consider changing digital technologies and markets. Examples of this include: recommendation rFISH 1 (although not a policy) which makes reference to Fully Documented Fisheries and aquaculture policies which consider emerging finfish farming technologies which may include digital technology. 10. Legal Aid Impact Test 10.1. It is not envisaged that the CRMP will have any impact on the current levels of access to justice through legal aid or on the possible expenditure from the Legal Aid fund. 11. Enforcement, sanctions and monitoring 11.1. The CMPP will review the effects of the Plan and whether progress is being made towards achieving its objectives as part of the 3 year review process. The CRMP will be delivered through existing licensing and consenting frameworks. Enforcement and authorisation decisions carried out by public authorities must have regard to the CRMP. 12. Implementation and delivery of plan 12.1. The Plan will be submitted to Scottish Ministers once the Plan has been finalised after the statutory consultation and will have statutory status once it is adopted by Scottish Ministers.
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Page 16 of 33 13. Post-implementation review 13.1. Once the Plan is adopted, the CMPP will review the effects of the Plan and whether progress is being made towards its objectives. A report must be published within 3 years from the date of when the Plan is adopted. Scottish Ministers will then consider and decide if the Plan needs to be amended or replaced. As part of this review process, the analysis in the BRIA will be revisited and refreshed as appropriate. 14. Summary and Recommendation 14.1. It is recommended that Option 2 (the development and adoption of the CRMP) is adopted. This option would support the implementation of the NMP, underpin sustainable development and use of the CMR and inform future RMPs. 14.2. Under Option 2, a statutory consultation would take place and it would provide all stakeholders with the opportunity to consider whether the Plan is fit for purpose as a regional marine plan. The CRMP would be reviewed and amended based on consultation responses. The impacts of the Plan would also be fully assessed via SA-SEA, HRA, BRIA, CRWIA, EQIA and ICIA. 14.3. Identified costs/benefits to business will be addressed as part of the BRIA whereas wider economic cost/benefit will be addressed under the SEA. The Scottish Firms Impact Test will be completed as part of the final BRIA once the statutory consultation has been undertaken and all responses analysed.
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Page 17 of 33 Declaration and publication I have read the partial Business and Regulatory Impact Assessment and I am satisfied that (a) it represents a fair and reasonable view of the expected costs, benefits and impact of the policy, and (b) that the benefits justify the costs. I am satisfied that the potential positive and negative impacts on public, private and third sector have been assessed with the support of businesses and other stakeholders in Scotland. Signed: Date: Minister’s name: Gillian Martin Minister’s title: Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Rural Affairs Contact point: Christopher Cutts / Jill Bunyan Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU Email: cmpp_info@nature.scot
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Page 18 of 33 Annex 1: Detail of potential impacts identified at this stage of the BRIA process, on the public, private or third sector, of policies contained in the CRMP Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits Chapter 1: Climate Change Policy CC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered appropriate and proportionate measures to: a) minimise emissions of greenhouse gases over the lifespan of the proposal; b) adapt to the current and future likely impacts of climate change over the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required; c) support or increase sustainable transport use and local transport solutions if applicable. Limited/No additional costs because the measures listed in this policy help deliver policy GEN 5 in the NMP which already requires marine planners and decision makers to act in the way best calculated to mitigate, and adapt to, climate change. The policy provides detail on how policy GEN 5 can be achieved in the CMR. It also supports other national legislation and initiatives to deliver climate change mitigation and adaptation. Potential additional benefits are anticipated from the measures because they will make developments/activities more resilient. In the long-term, the benefits should outweigh the costs. Policy CC 2: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid significant harm or damage to carbon stores, including those in intertidal habitats in the Clyde Marine Region. Where an impact on a recognised carbon store (see Maps CC 1 & 2) may occur, it should be demonstrated prior to development taking place that any impacts can be suitably mitigated, using the mitigation hierarchy. Potential additional costs depending on what additional work would be required to establish whether the development/activity might impact on carbon stores and survey work required; however, NMP GEN 5, section 4.9 requires consideration of reduced pressure on carbon sinks. This policy helps to deliver the NMP at the local level. Some recognised carbon stores are also Priority Marine Features so impacts will need to be avoided and mitigated in those cases according to existing legislation. There is a great degree of uncertainty around the impacts of activities on carbon stores, especially with regards to the impacts of fishing on the ability for sediments to retain carbon. Therefore, there could be high potential costs associated with this policy in terms of additional research, use of new technologies, etc. which could add significant costs to the public sector. This policy may disproportionately impact fishing activities because activities are more wide-spread compared to other activities. Individual fishers are not expected to carry research costs, however gear costs could impact at the individual vessel level. Potential additional benefits could be delivered, such as those associated with protecting carbon stores which provide nature-based climate change mitigation opportunities, contributing towards national climate change targets and protecting important habitats and species and their ability to sequester carbon. Policy CC 3: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to deliver positive effects on the capacity of recognised carbon stores (as identified in the Scottish Blue Carbon Action Plan) including to support their expansion. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages positive effects on carbon stores (also see NMP GEN5 section 4.9). If this policy is adhered to, it could deliver potential
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Page 19 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits additional benefits, such as those associated with protecting and enhancing carbon stores which provide nature-based climate change mitigation opportunities, contributing towards national climate change targets and protecting important habitats and species and their ability to sequester carbon. Policy CC 4: Proposals for the enhancement of marine and coastal natural carbon stores, such as habitat restoration or creation and native species restoration, and proposals for other nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change will be supported and encouraged where they demonstrate consideration of potential climate change impacts on the proposal, and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Limited/No additional costs because these policies encourage proposals to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change (also see NMP GEN5 section 4.9). If these policies are adhered to, potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as those associated with increasing nature-based climate change mitigation solutions, an increase in research and evidence related to carbon stores, improving resilience to climate change and enhancing biodiversity which also supports climate resilience. Policy adherence here could also potentially assist in providing an evidence base for Policy CC 2. Policy CC 5: Proposals for nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change are encouraged and will be supported where they demonstrate appropriate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Recommendation rCC1: Developments are encouraged to promote climate justice and help society and the environment to be more resilient to the current and future likely impacts of climate change. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs may be incurred associated with helping society and the environment to be more resilient. However, potential additional benefits are anticipated from the measures because they will make developments/activities more resilient. In the long-term, the benefits should outweigh the costs. Chapter 2: Historic Environment Policy HE 1: Development(s) and/or activities will only be supported if they protect marine and coastal historic environment and cultural assets, their context and accessibility. If detrimental impact on historic environment and cultural assets is unavoidable, development(s) and/or activities must: a) demonstrate that alternative proposals have been explored, b) minimise impacts on these assets, and c) ensure mitigation measures are in place. Limited/No additional costs because historical and cultural assets are protected through existing policy/legislation (e.g. Historic Environment Policy Statement). The measures help to deliver Policy GEN 6 of the NMP at a regional level. Potential additional benefits through increased awareness of marine and coastal historical and cultural assets around the CMR. Policy HE 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged to identify opportunities for enhancement of historic environment and cultural assets and/or their accessibility. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages an action. If this policy is adhered to, potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as supporting local businesses by increasing visitors to and raising the profile of historical and cultural assets in the CMR. Recommendation rHE 1: Efforts should be made to protect and promote non-structural and intangible marine and coastal cultural heritage. For example, through museums, visitor centres, festivals, or incorporation into development proposals. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. However this recommendation supports developments/activities/initiatives that protect and promote cultural heritage. If this
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Page 20 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits recommendation is adhered to, potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as supporting local businesses by increasing visitors to engage with the Region’s coastal and marine cultural heritage and raising it’s profile. Chapter 3: Landscape/Seascape Policy SCAPE 1: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported if they demonstrate: a) consideration where appropriate of the Seascape/Landscape Assessment of the Firth of Clyde, the relevant planning authority Landscape Assessments and other relevant Strategic Development Frameworks, character appraisals and supporting documentation, b) how the proposal considers the visual impact on existing character, experience and quality of landscape/seascape and avoids or minimises visual intrusion and mitigates any negative landscape/seascape effects. This includes developed, altered and cultural landscapes as well as natural areas. Within the area of the Inner Clyde estuary, the proposal should also demonstrate how it recognises, enhances and reinforces the distinctive character of the River Clyde development corridor, including green corridor, landscape/townscape, cultural heritage, play, art, landmarks, lighting and smart technology considerations, and c) a high standard of design, in terms of siting, scale, colour, materials and form to ensure the development or coastal use change will be accommodated within specific landscape and seascape types (as shown in Map SCAPE 2). Potential additional costs despite existing legislation on landscape/seascape, e.g. policy GEN 7 in the NMP and landscape policies in Local Development Plans (LDPs). These policies includes seascapes as well as landscapes, which means additional costs may be incurred related to considering visual impacts on land- and seascapes. The terminology used for different types of coastline in the Seascape/Landscape Assessment differs from the terminology used in LDPs. Considering different assessments and terminology could add to costs. Potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as those related to improved alignment between marine and land use planning and reduced visual impacts. The Plan provides improved clarity for investors in terms of landscape/seascape considerations in the CMR. The protection these policies give to landscape/seascape qualities around the CMR will potentially provide additional benefits to tourism and recreational businesses/interests and local communities. Policy SCAPE 2: Proposals for development and/or use in the Inner Clyde estuary should consider how the proposal takes into account its effects on the distinctive character of the River Clyde Development Corridor. Policy SCAPE 3: Proposals for development and/or use that affect National Scenic Areas, National and Regional Parks, or Local Landscape Areas should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) they will not adversely affect the integrity of the area or its special qualities for which it has been designated, or b) any such adverse effects are clearly outweighed by social, environmental or economic benefits of national importance (or local importance for Local Landscape Areas). It should be considered whether or not a Design Statement is required to support a proposal for development or use that affects a National Scenic Area or National or Regional Park. Limited/No additional costs because this policy synthesises information on the various landscape designations that are protected through existing legislation, such as the Scottish Planning Policy and legislation/policy related to National Parks. Potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as those related to improved alignment between marine and land use planning and clarity for investors in terms of designated areas in the CMR. The protection this policy gives to landscape/seascape qualities and condition around the CMR will potentially provide additional benefits to tourism and recreational businesses/interests and local communities. Recommendation rSCAPE 1: Developments, infrastructure and facilities in a coastal or marine location should be maintained such that they do not have a significant adverse impact on the landscape/seascape qualities of an area. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs may be incurred associated with maintaining infrastructure/facilities. Potential benefits would also arise, if this recommendation is followed, from improved visual amenity in the CMR, supporting certain businesses such as those involved in sport, recreation and tourism. Chapter 4: Coastal Processes, Coastal Flood and Storm Damage
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Page 21 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits Policy CP 1: Proposals for development and/or use below the Mean High Water Springs should demonstrate that they have considered the following, proportionate to the scale of development: a) the latest available UKCP sea-level rise and flood risk projections, and wave overtopping impacts where possible, relevant to the full lifespan of the proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required, b) broader future climate projections and risks and opportunities identified within the UK national, regional and local climate change risk assessments, c) the Scottish Environment Protection Agency’s Development Management Guidance, the relevant Local Flood Risk Management Plan and any relevant Coastal Change Adaptation Plan, d) sediment dynamics within the relevant coastal cell, including historical trends as indicated in outputs of the Dynamic Coast project and current or future anticipated dynamics, e) any potential exacerbation of flooding or coastal erosion in the wider area, f) protection and use of natural assets for coastal protection, including through options for managed realignment and beach nourishment, and allowing space for the natural assets themselves to adapt to climate change; and g) opportunities for Integrated Green Grey Infrastructure where natural assets cannot be used for flood alleviation. Potential additional costs may be incurred to demonstrate consideration of this policy and/or to implement part of this policy; however, NMP GEN 5 Climate change already requires marine planners and decision makers to act in the way best calculated to mitigate, and adapt to, climate change. Potential additional benefits will also be delivered as developments/activities will be located in more suitable locations and will be at less risk to sea-level rise or coastal change in the future, providing improved resilience. Future costs, such as those associated with relocation and flood damage, may also be reduced. Policy CP 2: Natural or artificial coastal zone and marine features which provide or could provide flood defence in the future should not be removed without due consideration of future flood risk. Removal of artificial coastal defence materials should only be supported when it can be demonstrated that there are no significant adverse impacts for the environment. Proposals for the removal of artificial coastal defence materials should demonstrate that they have considered positive impacts for the environment, for example where removal may offer a realignment option to allow accommodation space for natural coastal readjustment, habitat restoration and improved long-term resilience. Limited/No additional costs because this policy adds additional detail to policy GEN 8 in the NMP. Flood risk management is also regulated through SEPA. Potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as improved resilience and benefits to environment/recreation/tourism if positive impacts are delivered when artificial coastal defence materials are removed. Policy CP 3: The installation of new or replacement flood defences, coastal erosion and flooding alleviation works will be encouraged if coastal erosion or flooding threatens existing public infrastructure, important built development, including historic environment features, and where relocation options are not feasible. Potential additional costs incurred in order to demonstrate that relocation options are not feasible. However, in the long- term, potential additional benefits will be gained from only installing flood defences where absolutely necessary. Policy CP 4: For large marine and coastal infrastructure projects below the Mean High Water Springs that involve an element of lock-in or irreversibility , a climate change risk assessment (detailing flooding and coastal change risks to communities, businesses and infrastructure) should be undertaken and proportionate adaptation features should be included within the proposal in line with best practice guidelines. Potential additional costs may be incurred related to completing a climate change risk assessment and including adaptation features; however, this policy supports NMP GEN 5 climate change. Potential additional benefits may be gained as large infrastructure projects will be more resilient to climate change. This policy may help reduce costs in the future, in particular for the public sector. Recommendation rCP 1: Communication and connectivity between marine users and land users is encouraged to ensure that the coastal zone is managed and protected appropriately. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs may be incurred associated with improving communication. Potential benefits would also arise, if this recommendation is followed, from improved management and protection. Chapter 5: Natural Heritage Policy NH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should a) demonstrate that they have considered the potential for cumulative impacts affecting the marine and coastal environment; Limited/No additional costs because the conditions in this policy are covered by existing policy/legislation, such as policy
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Page 22 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits b) ensure that there are no significant adverse impacts on the national status of Priority Marine Features; and c) demonstrate how any potential significant adverse impacts on Marine Protected Areas, or Priority Marine Features have been avoided, minimised and/or appropriately mitigated. GEN 9 in the NMP and policies protecting designated sites and features. Synthesising key environmental protection measures in this policy could deliver potential additional benefits, such as making licensing requirements for developers and decision-makers clearer and avoiding impacts on any businesses and/or sectors that rely on protected habitats and species. Potential additional benefits may also be gained such as through improved resilience of marine and coastal ecosystems and ecosystem services as a result of environmental, habitat and species protection and supporting local businesses that rely on the Region’s marine and coastal natural heritage. Policy NH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered the following where relevant: a) improving the status of relevant Marine Protected Area network sites (Map NH 1 and Table 1), other coastal designated sites (Map NH 2 and Table 1) and European sites, by supporting delivery of their conservation objectives; b) supporting delivery of actions identified in the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy; c) opportunities to enhance biodiversity and associated ecosystem services; d) potential significant impacts on bird species that have been identified as declining through the use of appropriate tools and/or methods. Potential additional costs may be incurred related to demonstrating consideration of the various measures. Potential additional benefits may be gained, such as those associated with enhancing natural heritage assets and ecosystem functioning and supporting any businesses and/or sectors that rely on healthy habitats and species. Policy NH 3: Proposals for biodiversity and/or ecosystem enhancement will be encouraged to demonstrate consideration of the effects of the proposal on the wider ecosystem and take potential climate change impacts on the proposal into account. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages proposals for environmental enhancement. Potential additional benefits may be gained if proposals that are in line with this policy are delivered; for example, proposals could support businesses and/or sectors that rely on healthy ecosystems and enhanced ecosystem services. Policy NH 4: Proposals for development and/or use that may limit the ability of diadromous fish species and other mobile species to migrate safely through the Clyde Marine Region should demonstrate that they have considered if suitable mitigation measures are in place and there should be no significant adverse impacts. Proposals should consider links to freshwater designated sites, including European sites, of importance that species may be migrating to/from. Limited/No additional costs because this policy is covered by existing policy/legislation; policy WILD FISH 1 in the NMP is similar to this policy. This policy provides more detail on how policy WILD FISH 1 can be achieved in the CMR and reminds users to consider links to freshwater designated sites of importance. Potential additional benefits may be delivered, such as supporting businesses and/or sectors that rely on healthy stocks of diadromous fish species. Recommendation rNH 1: Where a licence is not required, users carrying out small-scale hand cutting and/or gathering of seaweed are encouraged to consider the potential ecological cumulative impacts of multiple harvesting activities within proximity to each other. Communication between users carrying out seaweed harvesting operations within proximity to each other is encouraged. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs may be incurred, because this recommendation is asking users carrying out an unlicensed activity to consider potential cumulative impacts. There may also be potential costs in terms of communication time / resources between users carrying out seaweed harvesting. Following this recommendation could also lead to potential additional benefits because this recommendation supports a sustainable industry.
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Page 23 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits Chapter 6: Non-Native Species Policy NNS 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered that they have minimised the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species affecting seabirds and/or the ecological or recreational value of coastal habitats. Proposals should refer to the Scottish Government’s Non-Native Species: Code of Practice. Where relevant, a site- or operation-based biosecurity plan should be developed in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. Potential additional costs may occur because, whilst this policy is covered by existing policy/legislation, such as policy GEN 10 in the NMP and the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended by the Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act 2012), work to provide a biosecurity plan may be incurred by some organisations. Developers will need to be familiar with the voluntary CMR Biosecurity Plan and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Marine Biosecurity Plan. Potential additional benefits may be gained by avoiding/reducing the introduction and spread of non-native species and associated impacts to business operations directly from the non-native species and/or as a result of reduced environmental health and productivity. Recommendation rNNS 1: Initiatives are encouraged to research, eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. The recommendation encourages initiatives to eradicate and/or prevent the spread of non-native species and does not specify any conditions which could impose costs if the recommendation is followed. If followed, the recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits, such as those associated with avoiding/reducing impacts of non-native species to business operations as a result of direct impacts or as a result of reduced environmental health and productivity. Recommendation rNNS 2: All marine users in the Clyde Marine Region should: a) conform to the Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-native species, the voluntary Clyde Marine Region Biosecurity Plan and, where relevant, the voluntary Loch Fyne Community Biosecurity Plan, b) proactively consider the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, c) put in place biosecurity management measures to minimise the risk of introducing or spreading non-native species, and d) where relevant, develop a site-, event- or operation-based biosecurity plan in line with best practice Marine Biosecurity Planning guidance. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs could be incurred by users associated with putting in place biosecurity measures and developing site- or operation-based biosecurity plans. Potential additional benefits could be gained, such as those associated with avoiding/reducing impacts of non-native species to business operations. If this recommendation is followed, costs associated with damage caused by non-native species would also be reduced. Chapter 7: Marine Litter Policy ML 1: Proposals for development and/or use should consider the inclusion of a litter minimisation and management plan for its lifespan of the proposal, having regard to the following elements where appropriate: construction, active use and any decommissioning/remediation required. Where a plan is not included, proposals should demonstrate proportionate measures to avoid release of litter throughout the lifespan of the proposal. Potential additional costs because proposals will have to include litter minimisation and management plans for their lifespan; however, this policy is in line with policy GEN 11 in the NMP. This policy provides more detail on how policy GEN 11 can be achieved in the CMR and it supports the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland. Potential additional benefits may be delivered for businesses and/or sectors relying on a healthy and aesthetically pleasing marine and coastal
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Page 24 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits environment, and where proposals contribute to the circular economy (e.g. obtaining more value from materials and resources). Effective litter minimisation and management from the outset may provide potential benefits of reduced development cost. Local Authorities and local communities will also potentially benefit from this policy as it aims to reduce the amount of litter entering the marine environment. Local landowners may benefit from reduced need to collect and dispose of coastal litter. Local charities which take time litter picking and beach cleaning may have recourses freed up to tackle alternative local issues. Policy ML 2: Waste water infrastructure should be designed, wherever practicable, to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment through watercourses or any other pathway. Potential additional costs related to designing waste water infrastructure to reduce the risk of litter entering the marine environment and to building the infrastructure. However, improving waste water infrastructure is on the River Basin Management Plan agenda so this policy might not add significant potential additional costs. Improving the design of waste water infrastructure could also provide potential additional benefits, such as reducing costs incurred in the future (e.g. reducing costs related to flooding due to a blockage or extreme weather conditions), reducing litter clean-up costs, reducing the potential for transmission of disease and infection from litter, addressing potential health concerns associated with the impact of plastics in the marine environment and avoiding impacts on businesses and/or sectors reliant on a healthy, biologically diverse and aesthetically pleasing marine and coastal environment. There may also be reputational benefits. Recommendation rML 1: Through the Fishing for Litter scheme, or other similar schemes, port or harbour operators are encouraged to provide facilities to fishing vessels to dispose of any litter collected. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs could be incurred related to providing facilities to dispose of litter. There are potential additional benefits in terms of reputation for harbour authorities and local fishing businesses (especially if the litter collected can be fed into the circular economy, recycled or reused), avoiding impacts on businesses and/or sectors reliant on a healthy, biologically diverse and aesthetically pleasing marine and coastal environment, and reducing the potential for transmissions of disease, infection or other health concerns associated with marine litter in the marine environment. Recommendation rML 2: Businesses and organisations managing or handling plastic pellets, flakes or powders (nurdles), including shippers, transporters and recyclers, should adopt best practice guidance to prevent these plastics from entering waste water treatment systems and/or the marine environment. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; however, if this recommendation is followed, potential additional costs could be incurred to put
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Page 25 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits the best practice guidance in place. Potential additional benefits could be gained from adopting best practice guidance, such as retaining more value from materials and resources and preventing costs associated with adverse effects of plastics in the marine environment. Recommendation rML 3: Development(s) and/or use in the marine and coastal environment should take measures to address marine litter entering the marine environment and should consider opportunities to contribute to the circular economy, for example by recycling old equipment. Initiatives which facilitate this are supported. Limited/No additional costs because policy GEN 11 in the NMP already considers this and this recommendation supports the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland. This recommendation provides more detail on how policy GEN 11 can be achieved in the CMR. Potential additional benefits may be delivered for businesses and/or sectors relying on a healthy and aesthetically pleasing marine and coastal environment and where proposals contribute to the circular economy (e.g. getting more value from materials and resources). Local Authorities and local communities will also potentially benefit from this recommendation as it aims to reduce the amount of litter entering the marine environment. Local landowners may benefit from reduced need to collect and dispose of coastal litter. Local charities which take time litter picking and beach cleaning may have recourses freed up to tackle alternative local issues. Recommendation rML 4: The Coastal Litter Management Guidelines for Duty Bodies should be followed in carrying out beach cleaning operations. The support by public authorities of local community beach cleaning is encouraged where appropriate. Limited/No additional costs because policy GEN 11 in the NMP already considers this and this recommendation supports the Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland. Local Authorities and local communities will also potentially benefit from this recommendation as it aims to reduce the amount of litter entering the marine environment. Local landowners may benefit from reduced need to collect and dispose of coastal litter. Chapter 8: Connecting People to the Clyde Marine Region Policy CONNECT 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered taking a proportionate approach to the following: a) engagement with stakeholders from relevant sectors, especially where there might be direct interactions between different uses and/or developments; and b) where relevant, the general public has been informed and consulted during development of the proposal, particularly if the proposal could significantly impact local communities. Limited/No additional cost because this policy is in line with policy GEN 18 in the NMP and delivers that policy at the regional level. This policy may provide potential additional benefits associated with early and effective stakeholder engagement, such as a reduction in wasted/duplicated upfront application costs and reduced stakeholder conflict. Policy CONNECT 2: Proposals for development and/or use which create and/or maintain coastal trails, paths and walkways, particularly those which connect coastal sites of local importance, are encouraged. These should be designed to prevent impacts on sensitive natural and cultural heritage. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages the creation and/or maintenance of paths. Implementing this policy could deliver potential additional benefits, such as creating and maintaining connectivity between local communities and improving access to outdoor green/blue spaces for improved wellbeing opportunities, supporting the local economy by attracting more visitors to sites of local
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Page 26 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits importance and supporting businesses and/or sectors that will benefit from such access and/or recreational infrastructure. Policy CONNECT 3: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered, where applicable, that: a) access rights to the marine environment are retained and improved, and b) access to the shore and water is optimised for sport, recreation and tourism, and safety issues have been addressed. Limited/No additional costs because this policy is in line with the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, although developers will need to demonstrate that this has been taken into account. Implementing this policy could deliver potential additional benefits, such as continued access to blue/green spaces for wellbeing, improving public support towards developments/activities and supporting businesses and/or sectors that will benefit from such access and/or recreational infrastructure. Recommendation rCONNECT 1: All marine users and the general public are encouraged to engage with formal consultation processes in public authority decision-making about development(s) and/or use in the Clyde Marine Region. This can be achieved individually or as a member of a community, interest or sports groups. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits, such as those associated with greater stakeholder engagement in formal consultation processes. Recommendation rCONNECT 2: All users of the Clyde Marine Region should follow guidance set out in relevant codes and best practice guidelines, which include but are not limited to: Natural Heritage • Scottish Marine Wildlife Watching Code • A Guide to Best Practice for Watching Marine Wildlife • Scottish Outdoor Access Code • Scottish Entanglement Alliance Best Practice Guide for Fishermen Non-Native Species • Scottish Government Code of Practice on Non-Native Species • ‘Check Clean Dry’ Guidance Sport, Recreation and Tourism • Clyde Leisure Navigation Guide • The Green Guide to Coastal Boating • Catch and Release: A Guide to Best Practice • Outdoor events in Scotland – Guidance for organisers and land managers Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a statutory policy. This policy brings together existing codes and best practice guidelines which will deliver potential additional benefits if followed, particularly to businesses and/or sectors which rely on a healthy marine environment. Proactive use of such codes and best practice guidelines may provide potential additional benefit as a business marketing opportunity. Recommendation rCONNECT 3: Activities are encouraged which give opportunities to marine users, including the general public, to collect data (e.g. through citizen science projects). Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; the recommendation encourages opportunities for data collection. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits through improved knowledge understanding about the CMR as it supports data collection initiatives. Recommendation rCONNECT 4: Activities and experiences are encouraged which engage with those people living in and/or visiting the Clyde Marine Region to improve their interest, awareness and/or knowledge of the Regions natural heritage, historic environment and cultural heritage including the Gaelic language, and/or marine sport and recreation opportunities. Activities and experiences should be accessible to all, Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; the recommendation encourages activities and experiences. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits, such as supporting the
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Page 27 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits including those with protected characteristics, should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and encourage independent living. local economy by increasing the number of people engaging with the Region’s natural, historic, cultural and recreational assets. Recommendation rCONNECT 5: Activities are encouraged which engage local communities in identifying areas of marine litter accumulation, carrying out beach cleans, and/or communicating issues relating to marine litter. Beach clean organisers are encouraged to contribute to data collecting initiatives. This includes but is not limited to: the Marine Conservation Society’s Beachwatch campaign, Fidra’s ‘Great Nurdle Hunt’ data collection project and Keep Scotland Beautiful initiatives such as Upstream Battle. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; the recommendation encourages activities. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits, such as supporting Local Authorities and any other Duty Bodies in reducing marine litter and engaging local communities with their marine and coastal environment. Recommendation rCONNECT 6: Initiatives are encouraged to supply sustainable aquaculture and fisheries products from the Clyde Marine Region to local shops and restaurants to promote the ‘Clyde brand’ and enhance experiences for local people and visitors to the Region. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy; the recommendation encourages initiatives. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional benefits associated with supporting the local economy and promoting local, sustainable jobs and industries. Chapter 9: All sectors – general policy Policy SEC 1: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate that they have considered: a) Any adverse impacts on the efficient and safe movement or navigation of vessels around the Region, to and from strategic freight hubs, ports, harbours, marinas, moorings and anchorages, including ferry operations are avoided or appropriately mitigated; b) demonstrating operational and/or technical mitigation where a proposals’ benefits may outweigh navigational interference; c) the cumulative impacts of the proposal, both within and between sectors where possible; d) alignment with any future sectoral spatial management plans developed by the Scottish Government, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Planning Authorities and/or the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership for the relevant sector; e) potential synergies and partnerships with other sectors; f) avoiding, minimising or mitigating any negative impact on other marine users; and g) avoiding any unacceptable burdens on existing infrastructure and services that cannot be resolved. Limited/No additional costs because this policy synthesises existing sectoral requirements, such as those stated in the NMP (e.g. GEN 15, GEN 21, REC & TOURISM 2 and TRANSPORT 1) and delivers them at a local level. This policy could deliver potential additional benefits, such as making licensing requirements for developers and decision-makers clearer and ensuring cumulative impacts are addressed effectively. Policy SEC 2: Proposals for development and/or use are encouraged where they: a) provide important supply chain services for marine sectors, b) promote any opportunities for shared use of infrastructure and/or marine spatial area and collaboration between and within sectors, c) improve connectivity around the Clyde Marine Region, for example through multi-modal journey planning and active travel, taking into account different types of activity as well as different types of transport and links to other marine regions, or d) provide social, health & wellbeing and economic benefits to local communities and/or more widely, for example through the regeneration of coastal areas, particularly brownfield sites, and/or the diversification of the rural marine economy. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages proposals to consider the measures in the policy. This policy could have potential additional benefits, such as those associated with collaborating between sectors and sharing infrastructure, e.g. reduced/shared costs and improved efficiency and could also benefit the CMR through increased /efficient/diverse connectivity within the region and with other marine regions. There will also be benefits to local communities. Recommendation rSEC 1: Organisations and marine users should share data, which is not commercially sensitive, related to their activities in the marine and coastal environment to central databases and support open data initiatives to facilitate partnership working and increase knowledge of the Clyde Marine Region. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional costs associated with quality assurance and sharing of data. There
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Page 28 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits are potential additional benefits, such as those associated with reduced costs through effective data sharing, future efficiencies and improved collective understanding of the CMR. Recommendation rSEC 2: Organisations should communicate with other relevant marine users where possible when they are planning to undertake works, including emergency works, in the Clyde Marine Region. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional cost to put communication processes in place but there would be potential additional benefits associated with improved stakeholder engagement, and reduced conflict. Chapter 10: Sea Fisheries Policy FISH 1: Proposals for development and/or use should avoid, minimise and/or appropriately mitigate significant adverse impacts: a) on commercial fishing opportunities, taking into account seasonality and the year-round operation of the affected fishery; b) on nursery, spawning and feeding areas for commercially fished species, and associated habitats and species; c) on fish stocks and the use of fuel by fishing vessels due to displacement, including related impacts on the wider marine environment; and d) on the social, cultural and economic importance of fishing, in particular to fragile communities. These policies are in-line with the direction of travel indicated in the Scottish Sea Fisheries National Discussion Paper and with various international obligations. Collaborative working should ensure that any additional costs are not solely incurred by fishers. Potential additional benefits are associated with ensuring sustainable fisheries, such as improved resilience within the industry, potential for increased landings as a result of a healthy marine environment and well-managed healthy and productive fish and shellfish stocks, supporting businesses and/or sectors reliant on a healthy marine ecosystem, potential marketing advantage with fully documented fisheries and reputational benefits. Policy FISH 2: Proposals for development and/or use should demonstrate how they would encourage an ecosystem-based approach to the management of fishing in the Firth of Clyde, reflecting the general and sectoral objectives of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Proposals should be in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Limited/No additional costs because the WCRIFG already works with the listed stakeholders so this policy is not placing additional requirements on these stakeholders. Funding will be required to deliver scientific research and practical measures whether the CRMP is or is not adopted. Potential additional benefits of supporting businesses and/or sectors which rely on a healthy marine ecosystem, both within the CMR and potentially within Scottish, UK or international marine areas. Policy FISH 3: The appropriate fishing agencies, organisations and/or fishers that use an area that could be affected by a proposed development should be consulted at an early stage in the site-selection, design and planning process. Limited/No additional costs because the WCRIFG already works with the listed stakeholders so this policy is not placing additional requirements on these stakeholders. Recommendation rFISH 1: Commercial fisheries in the Clyde Marine Region should aim to ensure that: a) stock assessments are available for all harvested species, appropriate management measures are in place to work towards a situation where populations of all harvested species are at levels which can produce Maximum Sustainable Yield, particularly through reduced effort/catch of crab and lobster fisheries, and Maximum Sustainable Yield ranges are used where appropriate; b) appropriate spatial and other management measures are in place to protect the most important areas for fisheries and to protect those seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity; and Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and not a policy. However, if followed, potential additional costs associated with completing stock assessments, introducing management measures and implementing Fully Documented Fisheries. However, these recommendations are in-line with the direction of travel indicated in the Scottish Sea Fisheries National Discussion Paper and with various
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Page 29 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits c) improving technology and fishing practices which will lead to Fully Documented Fisheries with a reduction in bycatch of non-target species, particularly sharks, skates and rays (elasmobranchs). international obligations. Collaborative working should ensure that any additional costs are not solely incurred by fishers. Potential additional benefits are associated with ensuring sustainable fisheries, such as improved resilience within the industry, potential for increased landings as a result of a healthy marine environment and well-managed healthy and productive fish and shellfish stocks, supporting businesses and/or sectors reliant on a healthy marine ecosystem, potential marketing advantage with fully documented fisheries and reputational benefits. Recommendation rFISH 2: Scientific research and practical measures to enable fisheries management to contribute to the protection and enhancement of marine ecosystems are encouraged. This includes, but is not limited to: a) studies to consider pressures on harvested stocks such as food web interaction and climate change; b) improved understanding of the habitats and areas that support fisheries including pressure/state relationships and ecosystem role/function; and c) continued monitoring of seabed habitats and species which are sensitive to fishing activity. Limited/No additional cost because this is a recommendation and not a policy. Also, limited/No additional costs because the WCRIFG already works with the listed stakeholders so this recommendation is not placing additional requirements on these stakeholders. Funding will be required to deliver scientific research and practical measures whether the CRMP is or is not adopted. Potential additional benefits of supporting businesses and/or sectors which rely on a healthy marine ecosystem, both within the CMR and potentially within Scottish, UK or international marine areas. Recommendation rFISH 3: Fishers should follow the Scottish Entanglement Alliance best practice guidelines to reduce the risk of marine animals becoming entangled in fishing gear. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. Fishers may incur additional costs if they follow the recommendation and damage to reputation if they do not follow them, but they may gain potential additional benefits, such as reduced gear loss/damage and improved reputation if they do follow them. Recommendation rFISH 4: Fishers should follow legislation and best practice guidelines in relation to static gear buoy markings in order to reduce the likelihood of adverse interactions with other marine users. Limited/No additional costs because this policy is already a requirement through the Marking of Creels (Scotland) Order 2020. Potential additional benefits, such as reduced gear loss/damage. Chapter 11: Aquaculture Policy AQUA 1: Proposals for finfish farming development should have regard to: a) the Technical Standard for open net Finfish Aquaculture and any future Technical Standard for open net, semi-closed or closed systems; and b) the requirements outlined in the mandatory control measures for the live capture of Scottish wild wrasse for salmon farms and any future fisheries management or legislation regarding cleaner fish. Potential additional costs associated with implementing some of the conditions set out in this policy (conditions (b)). This policy requires them to be implemented. Some conditions are included in the NMP, e.g. AQUACULTURE 12 supports condition (a). Potential additional benefits associated with implementing successful site management actions/initiatives, such as reduced operating costs, and improved reputation. Policy AQUA 2: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered site management actions or initiatives to improve sea lice and disease management, and to reduce the risk of fish escapes. Potential additional costs associated with implementing some of conditions set out in this policy; however, these conditions are already either best practice or voluntary. This policy requires them to be implemented.
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Page 30 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits Policy AQUA 3: Proposals for mussel farms should be considered where they support delivery of the policy outcomes of NPF4 through policy 32 on aquaculture and are in accordance with the other policies within this Plan. Limited/No additional costs because this policy supports businesses that will be economically viable in the longer term; this information could provide potential additional benefits to new shellfish businesses, and new endeavours through collaborations of smaller businesses. Policy AQUA 4: Proposals for seaweed cultivation should have regard to the latest Scottish Government Seaweed Cultivation Policy Statement and any subsequent guidance and/or planning requirements. Limited/No additional cost because this policy reiterates existing policy/guidance/requirements. Policy AQUA 5: Proposals should demonstrate that they have considered that there is no artificial nutrient enrichment of the marine environment to aid production. This policy provides potential additional benefits by ensuring new businesses know that artificial nutrient enrichment is not allowed. Preventing artificial nutrient enrichment will avoid impacts on businesses and/or sectors which rely on a healthy marine ecosystem. Recommendation rAQUA 1: Initiatives are encouraged by land and homeowners and public authorities to reduce diffuse pollution and point source pollution from entering water bodies, which can negatively impact water quality, particularly within Shellfish Water Protected Areas. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. If followed, this recommendation could deliver potential additional costs to land owning businesses and potential additional benefits to shellfish producers as water quality would be improved. Chapter 12: Sport, Recreation and Tourism Policy SRT 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to sustainable, marine-related sport, recreation and tourism facilities are particularly encouraged where they: a) facilitate multiple use by providing hubs for marine sport, recreation and tourism, b) diversify the sports, recreation and tourism offering, c) demonstrate a link to transport networks in line with active and sustainable travel objectives, d) promote wildlife tourism and/or ecotourism, e) provide an increase in the number and quality of step ashore facilities in the Region, f) provide effective pump out, wash down and waste management facilities for boat users; or g) use mooring systems with low environmental impact, such as Environmentally Friendly Moorings/Advanced Mooring Systems. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages sustainable developments. Potential additional benefits associated with the conditions in this policy as they support sustainable sport, recreation and tourism businesses and activities in the CMR. Policy SRT 2: Proposals should be supported for the introduction, maintenance and improvement of the network of public slipways and shoreside infrastructure, along with supporting facilities where appropriate and where unacceptable adverse impacts on the environment and amenities are avoided, below the Mean High Water Springs, across the Clyde Marine Region. Limited/No additional costs because this policy expresses support for public slipways and shoreside infrastructure, where appropriate, and it does not include any conditions. However, introducing, maintaining and improving public slipways and shoreside infrastructure requires investment. Potential additional benefits associated with increasing public access, such as increasing visitors which supports local businesses. Policy SRT 3: National and international sport, recreational and tourism events for all recreational vessels are supported in the Clyde Marine Region. Organisers of such events: a) should undertake a risk assessment to identify likely significant impacts on protected areas and species, Limited/No additional costs because protected areas and species are protected through other existing legislation, so organisers should carry out (a) and (b) regardless of this policy. It is unlikely that informing the relevant Statutory
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Page 31 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits b) should collaborate with and seek advice from relevant authorities, (e.g. NatureScot) to acquire licences where needed and to identify and implement appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner in advance of any event taking place, and c) should inform the relevant Statutory Harbour Authority of the nature and details of the event in a timely manner in advance of the event taking place. Harbour Authority will impose significant additional costs. Potential additional benefits of raised awareness in the local area of the event, avoidance of conflict with other marine users and avoidance of impacts on businesses and/or sectors reliant on a healthy marine environment. Recommendation rSRT 1: All wildlife cruise tour operators operating within the CMR should be WiSe scheme certified. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. If followed, potential additional costs could be incurred related to completing WiSe training. However, obtaining this certification could also deliver potential additional benefits to tour operators in the CMR by making them more desirable to customers. Chapter 13: Shipping, Ports, Harbours and Ferries Policy SHIP 1: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported that encourage the sustainable growth of the cruise market for ships of around 150 m at appropriate locations, in particular at Dunoon, Rothesay, Helensburgh, Inveraray, Troon, Brodick, Fairlie, Holy Loch, Irvine, Greenock, Ayr, Ardrossan and Hunterston, and where the proposal demonstrates strong links to supporting sustainable tourism, including wildlife tourism, in the local area. Limited/No additional costs because this policy encourages sustainable growth. This policy provides a regional context for policy TRANSPORT 2 in the NMP. However, growing the cruise market requires investment. Potential additional benefits for businesses associated with supporting and growing a sustainable cruise industry, and other businesses benefitting from increased visitors to the CMR. Policy SHIP 2: Development(s) and/or activities will be supported for the construction, servicing, decommissioning and recycling of large marine structures and vessels at appropriate locations, in particular at Campbeltown, Greenock, Hunterston, Troon, and Ayr, and where the proposal demonstrates a positive impact on the regeneration of local areas. Limited/No additional costs because this policy expresses support for activities related to large marine structures and vessels. This policy provides a regional context for policy TRANSPORT 2 in the NMP. However, this type of infrastructure development requires significant investment. Potential additional benefits for businesses associated with carrying out the activities listed in the policy. Policy SHIP 3: Proposals for development and/or use will be supported, particularly where they deliver more sustainable transport, in relation to: a) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity to the Kintyre peninsula, the Cowal peninsula and islands of Arran, Bute or the Cumbraes, b) ferry or related shoreside infrastructure initiatives that improve connectivity between the Kintyre peninsula and Northern Ireland, c) infrastructure relating to supporting bulk freight by sea; and/or d) movement connections along, to and across the Clyde estuary. Limited/No additional costs because this policy expresses support for initiatives that improve connectivity and sustainable transport in the CMR. However, this type of infrastructure development requires significant investment. Potential additional benefits associated with improved connectivity, such as increased efficiencies for businesses and/or sectors. Policy SHIP 4: Proposals for capital and/or maintenance dredging activities should demonstrate that they have considered practicable and cost- effective environmental enhancement measures, such as beneficial use of dredged material or dredging methods that retain sediment in the natural system, and how these measures will be delivered, where this is practicable. Limited/No additional costs because this policy is already implemented through Best Practice Environmental Options. Potential additional benefits associated with environmental enhancement measures throughout the Region. Policy SHIP 5: Proposals for new or upgraded infrastructure related to the powering of vessels, such as shoreside power facilities, or treatment of waste from closed loop exhaust gas cleaning systems or similar, will be supported where the infrastructure proposal demonstrates a long- term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater in the Clyde Marine Region. Potential additional costs associated with demonstrating that the proposed building or upgrade of infrastructure delivers a long-term contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and/or a reduction in pollution from wastewater. However, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a national
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Page 32 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits target and reducing sulphur emissions from vessels is an international requirement. Potential additional benefits associated with supporting national and international requirements and the many benefits associated with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Recommendation rSHIP 1: The use of compliant fuel is encouraged in the Clyde Marine Region. If an exhaust gas cleaning system is fitted, it should be used in closed loop mode. Large parts of the navigable Clyde are dredged; therefore, until there is sufficient evidence to be confident that the use of open loop scrubbers will not impact negatively on sediment quality (and hence on the ability to dispose of dredged sediment to sea), open loop scrubbers or hybrid scrubbers in open loop mode should not be used in the Clyde Marine Region. This applies in transit, at berth and at anchorage. The waste from the exhaust gas cleaning system should only be disposed at ports where appropriate reception facilities are available. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and is not a policy. Vessels need to comply with the International Maritime Organisation’s cap on sulphur. However, using compliant fuel and retrofitting vessels with closed loop scrubbers may be more expensive than using open loop scrubbers. Potential additional benefits associated with limiting/reducing the amount of waste from exhaust gas cleaning systems entering the Region and preventing adverse impacts on sediment quality. Chapter 14: Energy, Subsea Cables and Pipelines Policy ENCA 1: Proposals for development and/or use relating to offshore wind and marine renewable energy, including test facilities, should demonstrate that they have considered that: a) proposals for commercial-scale developments are sited in draft Plan Option areas identified through the Sectoral Marine Plan process (see Map ENCA 1 and further information section below); b) due regard has been paid to relevant factors in the Sectoral Marine Plans and supporting documentation/assessments (as appropriate); c) proposals for small-scale offshore wind developments undertake early and proactive engagement with relevant public authorities and relevant stakeholders; and d) where applicable, detailed infrastructure restoration and maintenance plans are included for the full lifespan of any proposal, including any decommissioning/remediation required. Limited/No additional costs because this policy lists existing regulations/plans. Developing in the Plan Option areas and following Regional Locational Guidance will likely provide potential additional benefits by reducing costs associated with scoping locations for projects. Policy ENCA 2: Proposals for developments will only be supported where it can be demonstrated that they contribute to a sustainable, secure and inclusive energy transition, taking account of our Climate Change Policies and in line with statutory marine and land use planning policy, environmental regulations and industry best practice. Limited/No additional costs because this policy reiterates existing regulations/policy. Recommendation rENCA 1: The laying, replacement and maintenance of communication and power cables and any oil and gas pipelines is encouraged where: a) existing routes and landing points are used where practicable, and/or b) the required mitigation and monitoring plans are produced. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and not a policy and also reiterates existing regulations and best practice. Chapter 15: Defence Recommendation rDEF 1: His Majesty’s Naval Base Clyde is encouraged to integrate any increased levels of Ministry of Defence marine activity in the Clyde Marine Region in accordance with this Plan, ensuring wide engagement with other marine users. Limited/No additional costs because this is a recommendation and not a policy, does not impact on defence activities and is in line with current practice by the Ministry of Defence. Chapter 16: Marine Aggregates
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Page 33 of 33 Policy Potential impacts – costs/benefits Policy AGG 1: Proposals for the extraction of marine aggregates should demonstrate that they have considered: a) providing a description of the alternatives that have been considered, such as alternative sources or materials, including dredged material; and b) demonstrating that marine aggregate extraction is an essential part of the proposed project. Where an Environmental Impact Assessment is required, the proposal should demonstrate that it has considered an assessment of the physical effects of the operation, including any implications for coastal sediment dynamics. Limited/No additional costs because this policy is in line with the requirements of Best Practice Environmental Options and policy AGGREGATES 2 in the NMP - it provides detail of delivery of the NMP policy at the regional level. It should be noted that in relation to the recommendations included within the CRMP, there could be reputational risks/benefits to businesses not following/following this guidance.
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Page 1 of 17 \ Equality Impact Assessment (EQIA) Developing a Regional Marine Plan for the Clyde
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Page 2 of 17 Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 26 June 2026 Version Control Version no Date Authors Notes 1 29 April 2020 M Michelotti Issued to Members on 29 April 2020 2 8 July 2020 M Michelotti Amended based on Members’ feedback. Submitted to Marine Scotland for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan 8 July 2020. 3 11 July 2022 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Members’ and Marine Scotland feedback on draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Submitted to Marine Scotland for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan July 2022. 4 9 June 2023 Amended by C Cutts Amended based on Marine Scotland feedback. Submitted to Marine Scotland for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2023. 5 26 June 2026 Amended by J Bunyan and C Cutts Amended and submitted to Marine Directorate for review with draft Clyde Regional Marine Plan June 2026.
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Page 3 of 17 Contents Screening ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Policy Aims ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Who will it affect? .......................................................................................................................... 5 What might prevent the desired outcomes being achieved? ....................................................... 6 Stage 1: Framing ................................................................................................................................. 6 Extent/Level of EQIA required ....................................................................................................... 7 Stage 2: Data and evidence gathering, involvement and consultation ............................................ 9 Stage 3: Assessing the impacts and identifying opportunities to promote equality and diversity .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stage 4: Decision making ................................................................................................................. 17 Identifying and establishing any required mitigating action ...................................................... 17
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Page 4 of 17 Equality Impact Assessment Title of Policy Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) Minister(s) Gillian Martin, Cabinet Secretary for Climate Action and Rural Affairs Lead official Clyde Marine Planning Partnership Officer Chris Cutts Directorate Marine Directorate New policy/revision to an existing policy New policy Introduction The Equality Act 2010 provides the legal framework which protects the rights of individuals and advances equality and opportunity for all. The Act protects people from discrimination on the basis of the following nine protected characteristics: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion, sex and sexual orientation. The public sector equality duty requires that equality considerations are integrated into all the functions and policies of Scottish Government Directorates and Agencies. The duty requires all Scottish public authorities to have due regard to the need to eliminate unlawful discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations. It covers people in respect of all aspects of equality (age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation). We would like your views on this draft impact assessment, which is part of the consultation on the Clyde Regional Marine Plan; available electronically on the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership website. Your responses to the questions included will help us to carry out a full Equality Impact Assessment of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan. Responses by email should be sent to cmpp_info@nature.scot and responses in writing should be sent to: Clyde Marine Planning Partnership 5 Atlantic Quay 7th Floor 150 Broomielaw Glasgow, G2 8LU
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Page 5 of 17 Screening Policy Aims The Clyde Regional Marine Plan (CRMP) will reflect the requirements for regional marine planning under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 and associated Delegation of Functions (Regional Marine Plan for the Scottish Marine Region for the Clyde) Direction 2017. The CRMP will be in line with Scotland’s National Marine Plan (NMP) (2015) and will contribute towards managing the competing demands for the use of the Clyde Marine Region (CMR), while protecting and enhancing the marine environment. The CRMP will provide a statutory policy framework to support effective decision-making and appropriate inward investment, enabling delivery of the Plan’s long-term vision and aims. The policy framework in the CRMP will be used to inform decision-making by public authorities, including in marine licensing and land-use planning (to Mean Low Water Springs). Policies in the CRMP aim to achieve the Plan’s vision and objectives. The Plan’s vision is ‘The marine and coastal environment of the Clyde Marine Region is clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse, with improved fair access. It is managed sustainably to support thriving resilient local communities, promote multiple use and allow nature to flourish’. The Plan also includes recommendations for marine users/local management. These inform the general management of all activities within the Region, including those which are not managed through planning or licensing, such as marine and coastal sport, recreation and tourism. The key outcomes of the CRMP will be to: • provide a policy framework that promotes sustainable development in the CMR; • maintain, and where appropriate, enhance the health of the CMR; • promote socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources; • minimise conflicts between the competing demands of different marine users, activities and developers; and • contribute to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. Who will it affect? The CRMP will affect a range of sectors and groups with an interest in the marine environment. These may include: • Marine activities/businesses • Developers of licensed activities • Marine nature conservation, coastal defence and marine heritage activities/conservation • Coastal communities and visitors to the Region • The Scottish Government (through Marine Scotland’s Planning and Licensing functions) • Local Planning Authorities • Regional Marine Planning Partnerships • Crown Estate Scotland • The Ministry of Defence
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Page 6 of 17 Marine developments and activities have the potential to affect these groups in many ways. For example, coastal communities around the Clyde may benefit economically and socially from successful local economies based on marine and coastal developments and/or activities, such as fishing, port infrastructure and tourism. However, these communities may also suffer from adverse effects, associated with being close to the marine and coastal environment, like noise pollution, visual intrusion, coastal erosion and flood risk. These effects may impact equality target groups embedded within these communities; however, at the scale of the CRMP, there is no clear differentiation between the potential effects upon target groups and non-target groups. What might prevent the desired outcomes being achieved? The aims of the CRMP relate to climate change mitigation and adaptation, sustainable development, supporting a healthy and biologically diverse marine and coastal environment and supporting the wellbeing of communities around the CMR. A key challenge for the CRMP will be supporting economic growth of marine industries and activities whilst ensuring growth occurs sustainably in balance with the protection and enhancement of the marine environment and historic and cultural heritage. The Plan’s vision, aims, objectives, policies and recommendations have been developed in accordance with a set of overarching Guiding Principles which act as a top level filter for plan development. The Guiding Principles are: sustainable development; support delivery of Good Environmental Status; the ecosystem approach; adding value, not complexity; and multiple responsible use of marine space. The CRMP embodies a sustainable approach to planning, development and use of the marine area which should support its successful implementation and enable the aims of the Plan to be met. Stage 1: Framing The draft CRMP has been developed by the Clyde Marine Planning Partnership, which consists of over 20 Members. Wider stakeholders have been involved in plan development through sectoral working groups and issue-based workshops. The general public has also been engaged throughout plan development, such as through public dialogue sessions and public engagement events during the pre-consultation. A pre-consultation of the draft CRMP took place between 18 March 2019 and 27 May 2019. This consultation received 49 responses from a wide range of marine sectors and stakeholders. In order to consider the Equality Act and protected characteristics, the consultation included a question on equality: “Do you believe that the Clyde Regional Marine Plan discriminates disproportionately between persons with protected characteristics?”; a supplementary question allowed respondents to expand if they answered ‘yes’. Table 1 summarises the various groups who responded to this consultation overall.
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Page 7 of 17 Table 1: Number (n) and type of respondents received on draft Plan and SEA report. Respondent group n % Individuals 24 49 Aquaculture 3 6 Environment / conservation 2 4 Fisheries 3 6 Industry / transport 2 4 Planning authority 6 12 Local group 1 2 Other public sector / bodies 5 10 Recreation / tourism 2 4 Other 1 2 Total 49 100 Of the 49 consultation responses received, 34 respondents answered the question on equality. None of the respondents identified potential impacts on groups of people who share the relevant protected characteristics. Therefore, the CRMP will unlikely discriminate disproportionally against people with protected characteristics. Extent/Level of EQIA required The draft CRMP intends to promote sustainable and socially inclusive development and use of marine and coastal resources and encourages the reconnection of people with the sea through cultural heritage, work opportunities, educational initiatives and recreational pursuits. This indicates a positive impact on people, including those with protected characteristics. However, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with protected characteristics is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It was determined as part of the framing exercise that a light touch assessment will be taken with this EQIA as current evidence shows that the CRMP has insignificant potential impacts and minimal relevance to equality. However, further evidence is required on the views of people potentially affected by the CRMP across all protected characteristics. Further evidence gathering and engagement will take place as part of the consultation on the CRMP. The consultation will be freely open and available to the public for anyone to provide feedback. Moreover, a range of relevant organisations will be actively consulted during the formal consultation to ensure that the CRMP will not have a discriminatory or differential impact on people with the protected characteristics as defined by the 2010 Equality Act; these include: • Glasgow Disability Alliance – a membership organisation that is run by and is for disabled people. • Central Scotland Regional Equality Council – works towards eliminating all forms of discrimination in Central Scotland • CEMVO – a national intermediary organisation and strategic partner of the Scottish Government Equality Unit. • Capability Scotland – delivers care, support and education to disabled children and adults across Scotland.
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Page 8 of 17 • Coalition for Racial Equality and Rights (CRER) – works towards eliminating racial discrimination and harassment and to promote racial justice across Scotland. They have a Glasgow Equality Forum: a Glasgow-wide strategic policy forum. • The Equality Network – is a national charity working for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex equality in Scotland. The following questions are contained in the Consultation Form: Consultation Questions from Consultation Form QX. Do you believe that the creation of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan discriminates disproportionately between persons defined by age, disability, sexual orientation, gender, race and religion and belief? QY. If you answered yes to question X, in what way do you believe that the creation of the Clyde Regional Marine Plan is discriminatory?
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Page 9 of 17 Stage 2: Data and evidence gathering, involvement and consultation This stage includes results of our evidence gathering (including framing exercise), including qualitative and quantitative data and the source of that information, whether national statistics, surveys or consultations with relevant equality groups. The Area used for the census data consists of the following Local Authorities around the CMR: Glasgow City, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, West Dunbartonshire, and parts of Argyll and Bute according to the following Scottish Intermediate Zones: Bute, Campbeltown, Cowal North, Cowal South, Dunoon, Garelochhead, Greater Lochgilphead, Helensburgh Centre, Helensburgh East, Helensburgh West and Rhu, Hunter’s Quay, Kintyre Trail, Knapdale, Lomond Shore and Mid Argyll. Data from the whole of Argyll and Bute is used for data on birth rates and religion. Characteristic Evidence gathered Source Data gaps identified Age Approximately 17 % of people living around the CMR are under 16 and approximately 16 % of people are over 65. Approximately 41 % of people living around the CMR are between 30 and 59 years old. Pre-consultation: 318 people attended the pre-consultation events. Of those who attended, 56 people completed a feedback form; 35 people were over 60 years old. Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. 2011 Census data on Nomisweb Pre-consultation feedback forms Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Disability Approximately 22 % of people living around the CMR have a long-term health problem or a disability; 12 % of people’s day-to-day activities are limited a lot and 10 % of people’s day-to-day activities are limited a little. Pre-consultation: 318 people attended the pre-consultation events. Of those who attended, 56 people completed a feedback form; 47 2011 Census data – Nomisweb Pre-consultation feedback forms We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic.
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Page 10 of 17 people did not identify as having a disability and five people had a disability. Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. Pre-consultation responses Gender reassignment There is a lack of significant data; however, data on gender reassignment will be collected as part of the next census in 2021. Pre-consultation: Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. Scotland’s Census 2021 – Sex and Gender Topic Report Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Marriage and civil partnership Approximately 30 % of people living around the CMR are single, 49 % are married, <1 % are in a registered same-sex civil partnership, 3 % are separated, 8 % are divorced or were formerly in a same-sex civil partnership which is now legally dissolved and 9 % are widowed or have lost their partner from a same-sex civil partnership. Pre-consultation: Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. 2011 Census data – Nomisweb Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Pregnancy and maternity There is a lack of significant data; however, there were 15,677 births in the local authorities around the CMR in 2018 (31 % of births in Scotland). National Records for Scotland – Births Time Series Data We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic.
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Page 11 of 17 Pre-consultation: Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. Pre-consultation responses The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Race Approximately 98 % of people living around the CMR are White, 1 % are Asian/Asian British, 0.3 % are Mixed/Multiple ethnic group and 0.3 % are Black/African/Caribbean/Black British. Pre-consultation: 318 people attended the pre-consultation events. Of those who attended, 56 people completed a feedback form; 55 people were white British. Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. 2011 Census data – Nomisweb Pre-consultation feedback forms Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Religion or belief The religion of approximately 31 % of people living in the local authorities around the CMR is Church of Scotland, 31 % identify with having no religion, 23 % are Roman Catholic, 4 % are Other Christian and 2 % are Muslim. Pre-consultation: Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. 2011 Census data – Scotland’s Census Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Sex Approximately 51 % of people living around the CMR are female and 49 % are male. 2011 Census data – Nomisweb We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any
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Page 12 of 17 Pre-consultation: 318 people attended the pre-consultation events. Of those who attended, 56 people completed a feedback form; 20 people were female and 34 were male. Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. Pre-consultation feedback forms Pre-consultation responses significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic. Sexual orientation There is a lack of significant data; however, data on sexual orientation will be collected as part of the next census in 2021. Pre-consultation: Out of the 49 pre-consultation responses, no respondents were concerned that the CRMP discriminates disproportionately between people with protected characteristics. Scotland’s Census 2021 – Sexual Orientation Topic Report Pre-consultation responses We currently have no information to suggest that the CRMP will have any significant impact on people who have this protected characteristic. The consultation will be used to gather views on any potential impacts that the CRMP may have on this characteristic.
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Page 13 of 17 Stage 3: Assessing the impacts and identifying opportunities to promote equality and diversity The CRMP encourages and supports inclusive activities that are accessible to all, including those with protected characteristics. Activities and experiences in the CMR should help overcome physical, cultural and economic barriers to participation and should encourage independent living. This stage will be further assessed during the public consultation. Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of their age? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations among and between different age groups ✓ Do you think that the policy impacts on disabled people? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations among and between disabled and non-disabled people ✓
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Page 14 of 17 Do you think that the policy impacts on transsexual people? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓ Do you think that the policy impacts on married people or people in a civil partnership? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓ Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of pregnancy and maternity? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre- consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓
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Page 15 of 17 Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of their race? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre- consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓ Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of their religion or belief? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre- consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓ Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of their sex? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations among and between women and men ✓
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Page 16 of 17 Do you think that the policy impacts on people because of their sexual orientation? Impact Reason for decision Positive Negative None Eliminating unlawful discrimination, harassment and victimisation ✓ The policies contained within the CRMP are intended to safeguard, and where possible, improve the Clyde’s marine and coastal environment with the purpose of meeting the long-term needs of nature and the local people. It is anticipated that these policies will be positive for the communities around the Clyde; however, the policies within the Plan are general policy statements and any positive impact on people with this protected characteristic is not specific to them. In addition, the impact cannot be isolated and measured. It is anticipated that the CRMP will have no differential or discriminatory impact on those with this protected characteristic. Based on absence of concerns raised in the pre-consultation exercise, it is considered that there are no potential negative impacts. Advancing equality of opportunity ✓ Promoting good relations ✓
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Page 17 of 17 Stage 4: Decision making Identifying and establishing any required mitigating action Have positive or negative impacts been identified for any of the equality groups? No Is the policy directly or indirectly discriminatory under the Equality Act 2010? No If the policy is indirectly discriminatory, how is it justified under the relevant legislation? N/A If not justified, what mitigating action will be undertaken? N/A