Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report
North Ayrshire Council · 24 June 2026
Back to North Ayrshire Council — 24 June 2026 and its agenda
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NORTH AYRSHIRE COUNCIL 24 June 2026 North Ayrshire Council Title: Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report 2025/26 Purpose: To report to Council on the Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report and Prudential Indicators for 2025/26. Recommendation: That Council notes : (a) the Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report for 2025/26 (Appendix 1); and (b) the Prudential and Treasury Indicators contained therein. 1. Executive Summary 1.1 The Council is required by regulations issued under the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003 to produce an annual review of treasury management activities. The purpose of the annual review is to report the performance of the Council’s treasury operations and how this measures up against the Council’s Treasury Management and Investment Strategy 2025/26. This is done through the publication of the annual report which contains the actual prudential and treasury indicators for 2025/26. 1.2 This Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report meets the requirements of the Scottish Government’s investment regulations, the CIPFA Code of Practice on Treasury Management (the Code) and the CIPFA Prudential Code for Capital Finance in Local Authorities (the Prudential Code). 1.3 The Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report 2025/26 for North Ayrshire Council is attached at Appendix 1. Key points to note from the report are as follows: • During 2025/26, the Council complied with its legislative and regulatory requirements in relation to treasury activities; • Capital expenditure was below the level anticipated at the start of the year due to changes in the profile of projects; • Gross borrowing was lower than anticipated due to the revised profile of capital projects and the use of internal funds, the latter being a key element of the Treasury Management Strategy to minimise costs; • During the year the Council undertook long term borrowing of £20.000m to support the agreed Capital Investment Programme and to reduce the Council’s exposure to interest rate risk; • The average loans fund pool rate increased from 3.30% to 3.65%; and
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• During the year one Lender’s Option Borrower’s Option (LOBO) loan, totalling £5.600m was called and repaid, reducing the Councils level of variable rate debt. A further £10.000m LOBO has been repaid in May 2026. 2. Background 2.1 The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) Code of Practice for Treasury Management requires elected members to be provided with regular reports on treasury management activities. The 2025/26 Annual Treasury Management and Investment Strategy was approved by Council on 26 February 2025, the mid-year report was submitted to the Cabinet on 28 October 2025 and treasury prudential indicators were reported quarterly. This final outturn report ensures full compliance with the CIPFA Code of Practice. 2.2 Current Position The 2025/26 annual report is attached at Appendix 1 and covers: • Prudential and treasury indicators; • Investment rate and outturn; and • Performance measures. 2.3 Statutory Requirements During 2025/26 the Council complied with its legislative and regulatory requirements. It is a statutory duty for the Council to determine and keep under review its approved borrowing limits and prudential indicators. Details within the report demonstrate that the Council has operated within the treasury limits and prudential indicators as set out in the Council's 2025/26 Annual Treasury Management and Investment Strategy Statement (TMSS). 2.4 Borrowing Update At 31 March 2026 the council has £28.350m variable rate debt which relates to Lender’s Option Borrower’s Option (LOBO) loans where the lender has the option to propose an increase in the interest rate at set dates. This is a £5.600m reduction from the prior year due to one LOBO loan being called and repaid during the year. The Council continues to work with treasury management advisers to identify financially beneficial opportunities to repay LOBO loans and a further £10.00m loan has been called during May 2026, the Council again opted to repay the loan. 2.5 General Services and Housing Revenue Account (HRA) 2.5.1 Capital Financing Costs - the General Fund budget of £23.654m for financing costs and expenses on debt for 2025/26 was underspent by £6.043m, comparative information for the HRA was a budget of £17.048m and an underspend of £2.335m. The underspend is a result of a planned contribution to support the 10 year General Fund capital programme; the re-profiling of planned capital expenditure and the continuing strategy to delay new external borrowing by utilising cash balances, resulting in savings on external interest costs.
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2.5.2 Interest on Revenue Balances - the General Fund budget of £0.140m for interest on its revenue balances with a reported over-recovery of £0.977m in 2025/26, comparative information for the HRA was a budget of £0.175m with a reported over- recovery of £0.098m. The overall over-recovery is reflective of the higher bank rate during 2025/26 than estimated at the time of setting the budget. 2.5.3 Service Concession Reprofiling - there was an in year underspend of £3.167m following the adoption of the revised accounting arrangements under Local Government Finance Circular 10/2022 for the recalculation of debt repayments arising from the Council’s service concession contracts as approved by Council on 15 February 2023. 2.5.4 In accordance with agreed policy, the net General Fund underspend of £10.187m has been transferred to the Loans Fund Reserve to support the funding strategy for the ten year capital investment programme. In addition, a further £1.500m has been earmarked to support the Loans Fund as approved by Cabinet on 2 June 2026. 3. Proposals 3.1 It is proposed that Council notes : (a) the contents of the Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report for 2025/26 (Appendix 1); and (b) the Prudential and Treasury Indicators contained therein. 4. Implications/Socio-economic Duty Financial 4.1 Capital Financing underspends within General Fund of £10.187m have been transferred to the Loans Fund Reserve in line with agreed policy. Within the HRA, the underspend of £2.433m has been transferred to HRA reserves. Human Resources 4.2 None. Legal 4.3 The Local Government in Scotland Act 2003 and supporting regulations require the Council to produce an annual review of treasury management activities. Equality/Socio-economic 4.4 None. Climate Change and Carbon 4.5 None.
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Key Priorities 4.6 The Treasury Management and Investment Annual Report supports the Council Plan 2023 to 2028 by maximising financial flexibility to support the delivery of our priorities. Community Wealth Building 4.7 None. Islands Communities Impact Assessment (ICIA) 4.8 None. United Nations Rights of the Child (UNCRC) 4.9 None. Consumer Duty 4.10 None. 5. Consultation 5.1 The Council's treasury advisors, Arlingclose Ltd, were consulted in the preparation of this report. Mark Boyd Head of Service (Finance) For further information please contact Natalie Graham, Senior Manager Corporate Finance, Financial Management, on 01294 324233. Background Papers Capital Programme Performance to 31 March 2026 – Cabinet 2 June 2026 Treasury Management and Investment Mid-year Report 2025/26 – Cabinet 28 October 2025.
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Annual Treasury Management and Investment Report 2025/26
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1 | P a g e Contents Page 1. Purpose 2 2. Executive summary 3 3. Prudential and Treasury Indicators for 2025/26 5 a. The Council’s capital expenditure and financing 2025/26 5 b. The Council’s overall borrowing need 6 c. Limits to borrowing activity 7 d. Treasury position at 31 March 2026 9 e. Affordability PI 13 4. Investment rates and outturn 2025/26 14 5. Performance measurement 15
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2 | P a g e Annual Treasury Management and Investment Report 2025/26 1. Purpose The Council is required by regulations issued under the Local Government in Scotland Act 2003 to produce an annual review of treasury management activities. The purpose of this annual review is to report the performance of the Council’s treasury operation and how this measures up against the Council’s Treasury Management and Investment Strategy 2025/26. This is done through the publication of the annual report and actual prudential and treasury indicators for 2025/26. This report meets the requirements of the Scottish Government’s investment regulations, the CIPFA Code of Practice on Treasury Management (the Code) and the CIPFA Prudential Code for Capital Finance in Local Authorities (the Prudential Code). During 2025/26 the minimum requirement was that the following reports should be submitted to Elected Members: • an annual treasury management and investment strategy (submitted to the Council on 26 February 2025) • quarterly reporting of treasury prudential indicators • a mid-year treasury update report (submitted to the Cabinet on 28 October 2025) • an annual review following the end of the year describing the activity compared to the strategy (this report) Regulations place responsibility on members for the review and scrutiny of treasury management policy and activities. This report is therefore important in that respect as it provides details of the outturn position for treasury activities and highlights compliance with the Council’s policies previously approved by members.
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3 | P a g e 2. Executive Summary During 2025/26, the Council complied with its legislative and regulatory requirements. The key prudential and treasury indicators detailing the impact of capital expenditure activities during the year, with comparators, are summarised below. In order to provide consistency within all the tables in this report, all figures exclude the Council’s liabilities in respect of PPP/NPD unless otherwise stated. TABLE 1 * All figures in this report reflect the latest estimate contained within the 2026/27 Annual Treasury Management and investment Strategy. A summary of performance is provided below with more detailed information provided in the body of the report. Overall Capital Expenditure was below the level anticipated due to changes in the profile of projects. The Capital Financing Requirement (CFR) is the underlying borrowing requirements of the Council. The reduction to the requirement during 2025/26 reflects changes in the profile of the capital programme. Gross Borrowing reflects the actual borrowing which has been undertaken, this was lower than anticipated due to the revised profile of capital projects and the use of internal funds, the latter being a key element of the Treasury Management Strategy to minimise costs. 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual £m £m £m Capital expenditure General services 91.025 88.766 59.585 HRA 46.534 44.558 36.917 Total 137.559 133.324 96.502 Capital Financing Requirement (CFR): General services 316.328 370.740 349.654 HRA 197.342 214.956 203.175 Total 513.670 585.696 552.829 Gross borrowing 428.877 530.392 421.948 Operational Boundary 555.119 608.036 569.454 Authorised Limit 610.631 668.840 626.399 Total Operational Boundary (Including PPP/NPD) 646.992 686.626 682.572 Total Authorised Limit (Including PPP/NPD) 702.504 747.430 739.517 Liability Benchmark 365.800 485.610 452.700 Investments 75.653 30.000 69.459 Prudential and treasury indicators
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4 | P a g e The Operational Boundary is the maximum we would anticipate borrowing to fund the current capital programme, building in flexibility for the timing of the different funding streams and principal repayments. Due largely to the use of internal funds, the Council’s actual borrowing position is well within the Operational Boundary. The Authorised Limit is a statutory limit; it is the maximum amount of borrowing determined by the Council and should not be exceeded. The Council has set the Authorised Limit at 10% above the Operational Boundary to give some flexibility to raise funds for future year capital investment. As noted above, the Council continues to use its internal funds to delay borrowing to minimise costs but balances this with long term borrowing to support the agreed Capital Investment Programme and to reduce the Council’s exposure to interest rate risk. The Council took out long term borrowing of £20.000m in 2025/26. The average loans fund pool rate is the total interest paid during the year as a percentage of the total loans fund advances. In 2025/26 this increased from 3.30% to 3.65%. The maturity profile and balance between fixed and variable rate borrowing mitigates the Council’s exposure to interest rate variations either now or when loans require to be refinanced. A total of £28.350m of the Council’s loans are at a variable rate, which is in line with the strategy. This is a £5.600m reduction from the prior year due to one LOBO loan being called and repaid during the year. Furthermore, another loan for £10.000m was called and repaid in May 2026 as the Council continues to work with treasury management advisers to identify financially beneficial opportunities to repay LOBO loans. Affordability of borrowing is measured by the percentage of financing costs relative to the net revenue stream of the General Fund and Housing Revenue Account; the percentage values were lower than estimated for both the General Fund and the Housing Revenue Account. Actuals for 2025/26 were 3.7% for the General Fund and 23.5% for the Housing Revenue Account. Capital expenditure impacts on the revenue budget through financing charges so it is essential the Council ensures the financing costs remain affordable and do not constitute an excessive proportion of the revenue resources available. From a General Fund perspective, the Scottish Local Authority average in 2024/25 was 6.0%, therefore demonstrating a prudent borrowing policy. For the HRA, the Scottish average in 2024/25 was 20.1%. The level of loan charges is deemed prudent and affordable within the framework of the 30 year Housing business plan. The average internal investment rate was 4.12% compared to a target of 3.75%. The rate secured in 2024/25 was 4.74%. The lower return secured in 2025/26 reflects the reductions in the bank rate during 2025/26. Other prudential and treasury indicators and supporting information can be found in the main body of this report. Conclusion The Head of Finance confirms that long-term borrowing is only undertaken for a capital purpose and that the statutory borrowing limit (the authorised limit) has not been breached.
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5 | P a g e 3. Prudential and Treasury Indicators for 2025/26 The Prudential Code establishes a framework to ensure that councils demonstrate effective control over levels of, and decisions relating to, capital investment activity, including borrowing. Treasury indicators are used to ensure that risk is managed and controlled effectively. Together the Prudential and Treasury Indicators consider the affordability and impact of capital expenditure decisions. These indicators help the Council to demonstrate public accountability in relation to borrowing and investments. As part of this accountability the report will summarise the following: - • The Council’s Capital Expenditure and Financing (section a); • The Council’s Overall Borrowing Need (section b); • Limits to Borrowing Activity (section c); • Treasury Position at 31 March 2026 (section d); and • Affordability Prudential Indicators (section e); (a) The Council’s Capital Expenditure and Financing 2025/26 The Council incurs capital expenditure when it invests in its long-term assets. Capital Expenditure can be funded in two main ways: • Financed immediately through the application of capital or revenue resources (capital receipts, capital grants, revenue contributions etc.), which have no impact on the Council’s borrowing need; or • If insufficient financing is available, or a decision is taken not to apply other resources, then capital expenditure will give rise to borrowing which needs to be approved as part of the Council’s capital investment plans. The tables below show the actual capital expenditure incurred in 2025/26 compared with the planned investment alongside the amount financed immediately and the amount which gave rise to borrowing. TABLE 2 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual £m £m £m Capital expenditure (Indicator 1) 91.025 88.766 59.585 Financed in year 25.581 31.776 23.678 Unfinanced capital expenditure 65.444 56.990 35.907 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual £m £m £m Capital expenditure (Indicator 1) 46.534 44.558 36.917 Financed in year 27.558 19.987 24.127 Unfinanced capital expenditure 18.976 24.571 12.790 General Fund HRA
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6 | P a g e (b) The Council’s Overall Borrowing Need (the Capital Financing Requirement) This indicator outlines the Council’s Capital Financing Requirement (CFR). The CFR is the total historic outstanding capital expenditure which has not been paid from either a capital or revenue resource and, therefore, needs to be funded from borrowing. It is essentially a measure of the Council’s underlying borrowing need. Part of the Council’s treasury activity is to meet the funding requirements for this borrowing need. The treasury management section organises the Council’s cash position to ensure that sufficient cash is available to meet the capital plans and cash flow requirements. This may be sourced through borrowing from external bodies (such as the Government, the Public Works Loan Board [PWLB], other Local Authorities, or the money markets), or utilising temporary cash resources within the Council. The Council’s underlying borrowing need (CFR) is not allowed to rise indefinitely. The Council is required to make an annual revenue charge, called the Loans Fund Principal Repayment. This is effectively a repayment of the borrowing need and it is charged to revenue over the life of the asset. This charge reduces the CFR each year. This differs from the treasury management arrangements which ensure that cash is available to meet capital commitments. External debt can also be borrowed or repaid at any time, but this does not change the CFR. The total CFR can also be reduced by: • the application of additional capital financing resources (such as capital receipts); or • increasing the annual revenue charge The Council’s CFR for the year is a key prudential indicator and is shown below. The opening balance includes PPP/ NPD schemes on the balance sheet, which increases the Council’s borrowing need. This is shown in order to give a complete picture of the Council’s debt, however, no borrowing is actually required against these schemes as a borrowing facility is included in the contract and, as such, this is subsequently removed. Table 3 shows that, based on historic capital expenditure and this year’s capital expenditure, the Council has a cumulative underlying need to borrow £552.829m at 31 March 2026.
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7 | P a g e TABLE 3 (c) Limits to Borrowing Activity Borrowing activity is constrained by the prudential indicators for CFR and gross borrowing and by the authorised limit, to ensure that the Council operates its activities within well-defined limits. Gross borrowing and the CFR There is a need to ensure that gross debt does not, except in the medium term, exceed the total CFR (i.e. the Council does not borrow more than it needs to fund its capital programme). In exceptional circumstances Councils are allowed to borrow to cover the current financial year plus the next two financial years (i.e. to 2027/28). This provides some flexibility to borrow in advance where this is appropriate. Table 4 highlights the Council’s gross borrowing position against the CFR and confirms that the Council has complied with this prudential indicator as gross borrowing is currently within the CFR. The Council is currently under borrowed by £130.881m due to the continuing strategy to delay new external borrowing by utilising internal cash balances. TABLE 4 As part of its Annual Treasury Management Strategy the Council sets limits for external borrowing which it is not normally expected to exceed. These limits are explained below. 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual £m £m £m Opening balance 436.885 513.670 513.670 Add PPP/NPD liability 91.872 78.590 113.118 Revised Opening Balance 528.758 592.260 626.788 Add unfinanced capital expenditure (General Fund) 65.444 56.990 35.907 Add unfinanced capital expenditure (HRA) 18.976 24.571 12.790 Less Loans Fund Principal Repayments (7.635) (9.535) (9.538) Sub-total 605.543 664.286 665.947 Less PPP/NPD lease repayments (91.872) (78.590) (113.118) Closing balance (Indicator 2) 513.670 585.696 552.829 Annual Change (Indicator 3) 76.785 72.026 39.159 CFR 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual £m £m £m Gross borrowing position (Indicator 4)* 428.877 530.392 421.948 CFR 513.670 585.696 552.829 (Under)/Over Borrowed Position (84.793) (55.304) (130.881)
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8 | P a g e The Operational Boundary The operational boundary is the expected maximum borrowing position of the Council during the year, taking account of the timing of various funding streams and the recharge of principal repayments from the revenue account. Periods where the actual position varies from the boundary are acceptable subject to the authorised limit not being breached. The Authorised Limit The authorised limit represents a limit beyond which external debt is prohibited. This limit is set by Council and can only be revised by Cabinet approval. It reflects the level of external borrowing which, while not desirable, could be afforded in the short term but is not sustainable in the longer term. The current limit is set at 10% above the operational boundary. The following graph shows the trend of the Council’s gross borrowing against approved limits. This demonstrates that during 2025/26 the Council’s gross borrowing was within both the operational boundary and the authorised limit by a significant margin, due largely to the continuing strategy to delay new external borrowing by utilising internal cash balances. Information on the re-profiling of capital expenditure can be found in the ‘Capital Programme Performance to 31 March 2026’ report, presented to Cabinet on 2 June 2026. NB: Figures exclude PPP
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9 | P a g e (d) Treasury Position at 31 March 2026 The Council’s debt and investment position is organised by the treasury management service to ensure adequate liquidity for revenue and capital activities, security for investments and to manage risks within agreed parameters. Procedures and controls to achieve these objectives are well established both through Member reporting and through the Council’s Treasury Management Practices. Borrowing Strategy for 2025/26 The borrowing strategy for 2025/26 anticipated bank interest rates declining gradually during the year and fixed borrowing rates to remain steady. Variable, or short-term rates, were expected to be the cheaper form of borrowing over the period. The Council has a strategy of taking a combination of temporary and permanent borrowing in recognition of the Council’s longer term borrowing requirements and the market rates available at that time. This balances short term financial savings with longer term security of costs. During 2025/26 the Council undertook £20.000m of long-term borrowing. Having begun the financial year at 4.50%, the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) cut the Bank Rate by 0.25% in May, August and January, ending the year at 3.75%. For the majority of the year the cost of short-term borrowing from other local authorities was higher than Base Rate at around 4.0% - 4.50%. However, from early 2026 rates began to rise in response to conflict in the Middle East, peaking at around 7.0% in February and March 2026. The PWLB 20 year maturity certainty rate stood at 6.42% at 31st March compared to 6.11% at the start of 25/26. The PWLB HRA rate which is 0.4% below the certainty rate is available up to March 2027. The Council has not accessed this rate during 2025/26 to support the council house building programme and investment in the housing stock.
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10 | P a g e Borrowing Outturn for 2025/26 At the beginning and end of 2025/26, the Councils treasury position was as follows: TABLE 5 The Council’s gross debt position decreased by £6.929 during 2025/26. A summary of the movement is outlined below. The Council’s Variable rate debt relates to Lender’s Option Borrower’s Option (LOBO) loans where the lender has the option to propose an increase in the interest rate at set dates. During the year one of these loans totalling £5.600m were called and the Council opted to repay the loans. The Council continues to work with treasury management advisers to identify financially beneficial opportunities to repay LOBO loans and with another £10.000m loan being called in May 2026 the Council again opted to repay the loan. In accordance with the agreed strategy and taking appropriate cognisance of investment concerns, both in terms of counterparty risk and low returns on investment, the Council used internal short-term cash reserves to temporarily fund its remaining borrowing requirement. Rescheduling No rescheduling was done during the year as the average differential between PWLB new borrowing rates and premature repayment rates made rescheduling not viable. £m % £m % Fixed rate funding: - PWLB 372.392 4.84% 385.952 4.84% -Local Authorities 21.291 4.90% 6.465 4.14% -Market 1.244 10.29% 1.181 10.83% Variable rate funding: - Market 33.950 5.26% 28.350 4.44% Total debt 428.877 4.89% 421.948 4.82% CFR 513.670 552.829 Over / (under) borrowing (84.793) (130.881) Investments: - Internally managed 75.653 4.74% 69.459 4.12% Total investments 75.653 69.459 Rate/ ReturnRate/ Return31 March 2025 Principal 31 March 2026 Principal Activity £m Repayment 13.560 Repayment (14.826) Repayment (0.063) Repayment (5.600) (6.929) Fixed - PWLB Fixed - Local Authorities Variable - Market Net Decrease in Debt Category of Debt Fixed - Market
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11 | P a g e Liability Benchmark The Liability Benchmark is a new indicator which compares the Council’s actual existing borrowing against a liability benchmark that has been calculated to show the lowest risk level of borrowing. The liability benchmark is an important tool to help establish whether the Council is likely to be a long- term borrower or long-term investor in the future, and so shape its strategic focus and decision making. It represents an estimate of the cumulative amount of external borrowing the Council must hold to fund its current capital and revenue plans while keeping treasury investments at the minimum level of £10m required to manage day-to-day cash flow. Following on from the medium-term forecasts in the table above, the long-term liability benchmark assumes capital expenditure funded by borrowing will be in line with the 10 year capital plan and 30 year HRA business plan respectively, loans fund advances on new capital expenditure based on asset life and income, expenditure and reserves all increasing by inflation of 2.5% a year with any specific adjustments made for planned use of reserves. This is shown in the following chart together with the maturity profile of the Council’s existing borrowing: 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Actual £m Actual £m Forecast £m Forecast £m Loans CFR 513.7 552.8 721.4 810.0 Less Balance sheet resources (157.9) (110.1) (95.2) (80.9) Net loans requirement 355.8 442.7 626.2 729.1 Liquidity allowance 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Liability Benchmark 365.8 452.7 636.2 739.1 Existing Borrowing (428.9) (411.3) (403.3) (376.9) Liability Benchmark
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12 | P a g e The maturity structure of the debt portfolio at 31 March 2026 is included in Table 6 and shows the period when the Council is required to repay and/or refinance debt. It is important to ensure a reasonable spread of debt to mitigate against high exposure levels in respect of refinancing. The current profile ensures this: TABLE 6 * Note that for 25/26 LOBOs of £18.350m have been shown as under 12 months to reflect the ability of these to be called in by the investor at any time. This does not change the maturity date but simply reflects the nature of the debt. Higher interest rates have increased the possibility of these loans being called with one loan for £5.600m having been called during 2025/26 and another loan for £10.000m being called in May 2026. The impact of a 1% rise in interest rates based on the Councils current debt portfolio is shown in the table below: As a result of the Councils strategy to repay LOBO loans where it is financially beneficial, the repayment of one loan totalling £5.600m during the year has reduced the short term interest rate risk to the Council. Another indicator is used to manage risk and reduce the impact of adverse movement in interest rates. This sets a limit on the Council’s exposure to fixed and variable interest rates and was as follows: TABLE 7 £m % £m % Under 12 months 44.954 10% 25.996 6% 12 months and within 24 months 4.917 1% 26.441 6% 24 months and within 5 years 42.049 10% 54.321 13% 5 years and within 10 years 102.667 24% 108.343 26% 10 years and within 20 years 115.778 88.335 20 years and within 30 years 15.925 25.925 30 years and within 40 years 92.587 82.587 40 years and within 50 years - - 50 years and above 10.000 10.000 Total Borrowing 428.877 100% 421.948 100% 49% 31 March 2026 Actual 31 March 2026 Actual 55% 31 March 2025 Actual 31 March 2025 Actual 2026/27 2027/28 2028/29 £m £m £m Impact of 1% increase in Interest rates 0.210 0.475 0.551 Impact of 1% decrease in Interest rates (0.103) (0.194) (0.270) Interest rate Risk Exposure 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Limit Actual £m £m £m Limit on fixed rate (principal) 394.927 668.840 393.598 Limit on variable rate (principal) 33.950 60.000 28.350
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13 | P a g e Estimates of prudent Loans Fund repayment The purpose of the Loans Fund is to record advances for expenditure incurred or loans made to third parties which a local authority has determined are to be financed from borrowing as set out in Regulation 2 of The Local Authority (Capital Finance and Accounting) (Scotland) Regulations 2016 [“the Regulations”]. The Loans Fund advance is effectively the repayment of the ‘principal’ linked to the expenditure classified above which is unfinanced and is required to be funded from borrowing. Repayment of Loans Fund advances are required to be made in line with Scottish Government statutory guidance on Loans Fund Accounting. The Council’s latest estimates of its Loans Fund account information are as follows: (e) Affordability Prudential Indicators These Prudential Indicators assess the affordability of capital investment plans and provide an indication of the impact of capital investment plans on the Council’s overall finances. Actual financing costs as a proportion of net revenue stream This indicator identifies the trend in the cost of capital (borrowing and other long-term obligation costs net of investment income) against the net revenue stream and is a measure of affordability for debt repayment. Actuals for 2025/26 were 3.7% for the General Fund and 23.5% for the Housing Revenue Account. Capital expenditure impacts on the revenue budget through financing charges so it is essential the Council ensures the financing costs remain affordable and do not constitute an excessive proportion of the revenue resources available. From a General Fund perspective, the Scottish Local Authority average in 2024/25 was 6.0%, therefore demonstrating a prudent borrowing policy. For the HRA, the Scottish average was 20.1%. The level of loan charges is deemed prudent and affordable within the framework of the 30 year Housing business plan. Year Opening Balance £m Advances to GF £m Advances to HRA £m Repayment by GF £m Repayment by HRA £m Closing Balance £m 2025/26 Actual 513.670 35.907 12.790 -2.581 -6.957 552.829 2026/27 - 30/31 552.829 170.261 197.129 -15.413 -34.990 869.816 2031/32– 35/36 869.816 0.551 106.943 -21.255 -50.348 905.707 2036/37 – 40/41 905.707 0.000 154.256 -40.105 -65.126 954.732 2041/42 – 45/46 954.732 0.000 47.491 -68.202 -75.613 858.408 2046/47 – 50/51 858.408 0.000 0.000 -89.195 -80.909 688.303 2051/52 – 55/56 688.303 0.000 0.000 -104.660 -73.249 510.395 2056/57 – 60/61 510.395 0.000 0.000 -61.246 -73.801 375.348 2061/62 – 65/66 375.348 0.000 0.000 -49.667 -77.364 248.317 2066/67 – 70/71 248.317 0.000 0.000 -34.678 -71.765 141.874 2071/72 & later 141.874 0.000 0.000 -36.047 -105.827 0.000
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14 | P a g e TABLE 8 4. Investment Rates and Outturn 2025/26 Interest Rates The Bank of England reduced the official Bank rate from 4.50% at the beginning of the year to 3.75% by the end of March 2026. Deposit rates have decreased during 2025/26 as a result. Investment Policy The Council’s investment policy is governed by Scottish Government investment regulations, which have been implemented in the annual investment strategy approved by the Council on 26 February 2025. This policy sets out the approach for choosing investment counterparties and is based upon: new bank resolution regulations, where failing banks will not be bailed-out but ‘bailed-in’ by unsecured investors that can include local authorities; the capacity of banks to absorb unexpected losses; and credit ratings provided by the leading credit rating agencies. This is supplemented by additional market data (such as economic data, credit default swaps, bank share prices etc.). Investment treasury indicator and limit This is a control on the total principal funds invested for greater than 1 year. This limit is set with regard to the Council’s liquidity requirements and to reduce the need for early sale of an investment, and is based on the availability of funds after each year-end. With the exception of one investment, all investments at 31 March 2026 mature within one year in line with the approved limit. Resources The Council’s cash balances comprise revenue and capital resources and cash flow monies. The Council’s cash resources were as follows: TABLE 9 2024/25 2025/26 2025/26 Actual Estimate Actual General Services 3.3% 3.7% 3.7% HRA 21.3% 26.3% 23.5% Estimate of ratio of financing costs to net revenue stream 2025/26 2025/26 2026/27 Limit £m Actual £m Limit £m Principal sums invested for more than 1 year 10.000 5.000 10.000 Maximum principal sums invested for more than 1 year 2024/25 Actual 2025/26 Actual £m £m 1 April 40.105 75.653 31 March 75.653 69.459 Change in year 35.548 (6.194) Cash Balances
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15 | P a g e Investments held by the Council The Council maintained an average balance of £64.140m of internally managed funds and utilised cash balances during the year in support of the under-borrowed position. The internally managed funds, primarily invested in call accounts with banks, Money Market Funds and other UK local authorities, earned a weighted average rate of return of 4.12%. This compares to a rate of 4.74% in 2024/25. Performance was above the target rate of 3.75% and reflects the bank rate being higher at the start of the year before declining, and the short term nature of our investments and our overall investment objectives of security and liquidity. The Councils Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) policy states that when investing the Council will prioritise banks that are signatories to the UN Principles for Responsible Banking and funds operated by managers that are signatories to the UN Principles for Responsible Investment, the Net Zero Asset Managers Alliance and/or the UK Stewardship Code. A list of ESG Initiative signatories is updated quarterly by the Council’s treasury advisor Arlingclose to support the Council’s decision making process for investing. 5. Performance Measurement One of the key requirements in the Code is the formal introduction of performance measurement relating to investments, debt and capital financing activities. Whilst investment performance criteria have been well developed and universally accepted, debt performance indicators continue to be a more problematic area with the traditional average portfolio rate of interest acting as the main guide. The Council’s treasury management advisors are Arlingclose Limited. Arlingclose has five Scottish Local Authorities in their client group and provide regular investment benchmarking information to the Council. In terms of performance in 2025/26, North Ayrshire Council’s average weighted rate of return on investments during 25/26 was 4.12% (24/25 4.74%). The actual rate of return on investments as at 31 March for North Ayrshire Council was 3.84% compared to the group average rate of 4.15%. Emphasis will continue to be placed on investing with approved counterparties in accordance with the approved strategy.